Index

Content Pg No.
Introduction 3
Aim 3
Objective 3
Previous Knowledge 4-5
Analysis of Graphs
y = sin x 6
y = sin (2x) 7
y = 2 sin x 8
x 9
y = sin
2
All Graphs shown simultaneously 10
Conclusion 10
Bibliography 10

Math Project (Section A)

By Shrey Jain 11S1 (2023-2024)
Teacher: Sudhi Pant
School: The Shri Ram School, Moulsari

12
Introduction

x
The instructions given are to draw the graphs of sin x, sin (2x), 2 sin x and sin on a graph
2
and interpret it.

Note: In this project, x is always measured in radians.

Some important terms:

 Domain of function (Df): all possible values of x for which y has a real solution
 Range of function (Rf): range of possible values of y
 Period/Wavelength of function: distance between two consecutive crests or troughs
along the x-axis
 Amplitude of function: maximum displacement of a line from x-axis, measured along
y axis
 x-intercept: point/s at which a line touches the x axis
 y-intercept: point/s at which a line touches the y axis

Aim

The aim of this project is to understand the various properties of sin θ functions, and
x
differences between the graphs of sin x, sin (2x), 2 sin x and sin .
2

Objective

The objective of this project, i.e., the method of achieving this project, is:
 to obtain the graphs of all the trigonometric functions required for the project
 to list all the properties of these trigonometric functions
 to calculate the values of all properties for each function
 to analyse the properties and find similarities, differences and patterns which may
arise
 to draw conclusions based on the analysis
 to compile the research into a single document in a well-formatted and organised
manner.

3
Previous Knowledge

The knowledge I have before starting my research includes:

 All 6 trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan, cosec, sec and cot) and their relevance in
right triangles
 Formulae to calculate trigonometric functions given the sides of a right triangle

P H P
sin θ = cosec θ = tan θ =
H P B
B H B
cos θ = sec θ = cot θ =
H B P

4
  Relation between sin and cosec, cos and sec, and tan and cot, and writing tan and cot
in terms of sin, cos, cosec and sec

sin θ cosec θ = 1 cos θ sec θ = 1 tan θ cot θ = 1

sin θ secθ cos θ cosec θ
tan θ = = cot θ = =
cos θ cosec θ sin θ sec θ

 Values of all trigonometric functions for θ = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°

0° 30° 45° 60° 90°

sin θ 0 1 1 √3 1
2 √2 2

cos θ 1 √3 1 1 0
2 √2 2

tan θ 0 1 1 √3 n.d.
√3
cosec θ n.d. 2 √2 2 1
√3
sec θ 1 2 √2 2 n.d.
√3
cot θ n.d. √3 1 1 0
√3
n.d. – not defined

 Trigonometric identities involving squares of trigonometric functions

sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 sec2 θ – tan2 θ = 1 cosec2 θ – cot2 θ = 1

 Trigonometric identities involving conversion from θ to (90° - θ) and vice versa

sin θ = cos (90° – θ) cosec θ = sec (90° – θ) tan θ = cot (90° – θ)

cos θ = sin (90° – θ) sec θ = cosec (90° – θ) cot θ = tan (90° – θ)
Analysis of the Graphs

1. y = sin x

Domain of function (Df) = R (all real numbers)

Range of function (Rf) = [-1, 1]

Period/Wavelength of function = 2π

Amplitude of function = 1

y is minimum when x = {32π + 2nπ } where n ∈ Z

y is maximum when x = { π2 +2 nπ } where n ∈ Z
x-intercept = nπ where n ∈ Z

y-intercept = 0

65
 2. y = sin (2x)

Domain of function (Df) = R (all real numbers)

Range of function (Rf) = [-1, 1]

Period/Wavelength of function = π

Amplitude of function = 1

y is minimum when x = {34π + 2nπ } where n ∈ Z

y is maximum when x = { π4 +2 nπ } where n ∈ Z
nπ
x-intercept = where n ∈ Z
2

y-intercept = 0

7
 3. y = 2 sin x

Domain of function (Df) = R (all real numbers)

Range of function (Rf) = 2[-1, 1] = [-2, 2]

Period/Wavelength of function = 2π

Amplitude of function = 2 × 1 = 2

y is minimum when x = {32π + 2nπ } where n ∈ Z

y is maximum when x = { π2 +2 nπ } where n ∈ Z
x-intercept =nπ where n ∈ Z

y-intercept = 0
 x
4. y = sin
2

Domain of function (Df) = R (all real numbers)

Range of function (Rf) = [-1, 1]

Period/Wavelength of function = 4π

Amplitude of function = 1

y is minimum when x = { (4 n−1) π } where n ∈ Z

y is maximum when x = { (4 n+ 1)π } where n ∈ Z

x-intercept =2nπ where n ∈ Z

y-intercept = 0

98
 All Graphs shown simultaneously

red y = sin x
blue y = sin (2x)
green y = 2 sin x
purple x
y = sin
2

Conclusion

From the above observations, I can conclude that:

 All the graphs of sin θ repeat at certain regular intervals along the x axis. This interval
is equal to the wavelength of the function.

 All values of x result in real solutions for all sin θ functions.

 All the sin θ functions intersect at the origin.

 All the sin θ functions intersect the x-axis at an infinite number of points.

 Period/wavelength of the function ∝ coefficient of x

 Amplitude of the function ∝ coefficient of sin θ

 Range of function ∝ coefficient of sin θ

10
 Works Cited

 cdn1.byjus.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Pythagorean-Theorem-Formula-1.png p. 4.
 www.desmos.com/calculator pp. 6-10.