Datos Abiertos y Ciudades Inteligentes en America Latina

Datos abiertos y ciudades
inteligentes en América Latina

Estudio de casos
Jorge Alejandro Patiño

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(véasedi
agram a1).
DIAGRAMA1
APERTURADEDATOS
F
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te:M
any
ika
,J
.yo
tro
s,Op
enda
ta:Un
loc
kin
ginno
vat
ionandp
erfo
rman
cew
ithl
iqu
idin
forma
tion,2
013
.
D
.Elva
lordelain
formac
iónpúb
lica
Elestud
iod e
la cce
s oyr euti
liza
ciónd el aPS I5 haen con
tr adovín cu
lossign
ifica
tivosen
tree staye l
desa
rrol
lodenu evo
sp ro ductos
,laredu cc
iónd ec os
tosdetran sacc
ión,laefi
cienc
iaenl ages
tiónp úbl
i ca
,
lapro v
is
iónd enue voss ervic
iospú bli
cosyo trosim p
ac
to sd ir
ectoseind i
rec
tose nlae c
onom íayl a
soci
e d
ad(OECD20 06
;EC ,20 10)
.S eestimaqu elosb enef
iciosd e
lu socom e
rci
ald elaPSIeq u
iv al
e na
140m ilmil
lonesdeeu ro sa lañop araE uropa(EU 27),m i
en t
r a
squ esis eabr
ierato d
alainform ación
públ
icad em anerag r
at ui
ta(oaco sto m a
rginal)parae star eg
i ón
,lo sim p
actosd i
rec
toss obrel as
act
ividad
esd eusoyr eutil
i zac
iónd el aPS Ipod r
íanincrem enta
rsee n4 0milm i
llonesdee u
rosa la ño
6
(EC,20 11)
.E n20 13,M cKinsey GlobalIn s
ti
t u
tee s
timóqu elaa pert
urad edatosp a
rasie
tes ectores
podí
ar ep
resen
tarm ásd etrestri
llonesd edólaresalañop aralae conomíad eEst
a dosU n
idos(M anyika,
J
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6
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CEPAL–Co
lec
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cum
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sdeP
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ecto D
ato
sab
ier
tosyc
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sin
tel
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tesenAm
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caL
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a…
DIAGRAMA3
RELAC
IÓNDECONCEPTOS
F
uen
te:Ub
ald
i,Op
enGo
vernm
entDa
ta:Towa
rdsEmp
ir
ica
lAna
lys
iso
fOp
enGo
vernm
entDa
taI
nit
iat
ive
s,2013
.
Asimism o,elvalordelaaperturad edatostambi énadqu ie

reim por
tanc
iad e
sdelaperspect
ivad e
lainnovaciónab ier
tayl am ane
rad ecom par
ti
rcono c
imien to
,h ab
il
idadesycon s
tru
irpolí
tic
as.B a
joe st
e
enfoque
,lo su suariosayudanacon strui
re lc api
talsociald elaso r
ganizac
ionesys econvirt
ierenen
cocreado
r e
syco producto
resdeloss ervic
iosyp roduc
tos
.L afina
lidadesc on
stru
irunaplat
aform aenla
queelg obiernotrabajec on
junt
am entec onl asociedadyl o
si nd
ividuos
.E st
osp os
tula
doss eb a
sanen
gran medidaenl asideasd ecopr
od ucción(Boy ley H arris
,20 09)einn ovac
ióna b
ier
ta(Ch esb
rou gh
,
2003),enl as ques er econoceelp o
tenciald elosu suar
iosp ara conve
rti
rseen g ene
r a
doresd e
informac
ióny m e
jorarelfunc
ionam ientoe f
icien
t edeloss i
stemas,ys eplant
eaqu ela
so rgani
zaciones
debenuti
lizartantolasideasext
ernascom ointernasparac re
arv a
loryd esa
rro
lla
rlatecnol
ogía.
E
. Mode
losdenegoc
ioyecos
istemassob
reda
tosab
ier
tos
Conb aseene lanál
isisd euncon juntodeem presas
,D eloi
tte(2013)ident
ificóun as er
iedea rquet
i po
sd e
modelosd enegociog en e
r adosalrededord elo sdatosa bie
rtos
.L ap rimerainstanciaene s
tes i
stem ason
loso feren
tesd ed atos,e sd ecir
,o rganizacion e
spúblicasyp rivadasqu erecol
e ct
anyp rove end atos
(bru
to sor e
finados)
.L osf ac
ili
tado r
essono rg aniz
aci
on e
squ enol ucrandirect
am enteconlo sdat o
s,p ero
quep roveenp la
taform asys erviciostecnológicosp araqu eotrosp uedana ccederyu sa
rlos.T am b
i én
exis
tenl osagregadoresd einform ac
ión(no rm almenteem pres
as),qu eagrupanlosd a
tosenbú squ edad e
rela
cion e
sys ignif
ic adosp a
rasuu soyap licac
ióne nv a
rioss ec
t o
res( se
rviciosd ei nt
eligenciad e
negocios)
.Lo sd esarro
l ladoressonqu iene so f
r ec
enp roducto
sys ervic
iosp aralo susuario
sf inalese n
form ad eaplic
acione s
.C om op ar
t edelosc onsumidoresfina
less een cuent
ranl osen r
iquecedores,qu e
sonem pr
esas(norm alm ented egrant amaño)qu eproducenyan al
izanun ac an
tida dsigni
fica
tivad ed ato
s
param ejora
rsusp roceso s
,p roductosys e
rvicio s(véas
ed iagr
am a4).
A
lgun a
sá rea
senl a
squ esee sper
aqu elos OGD g enerenunad ifer
en c
iasonlatransparenciay
rendiciónd ecu e
ntas
,l ap a
rt
icipac
iónei nvolucramientod elo sciudadanos,elem poder
ami en
tod elas
com unidades
,e lincrementod elaeficie
nciayl aefect
ividadd elo sservi
ciospúblicos
,lam ediciónd el
im p
a ctod elaspolít
icaspúblicas
,lainnov a
ción,elcrecimi en
toe conóm icoyl ag en
erac
iónd enu evos
conocim ien
tos(UNDESA ,2013)
.S inem ba
rgo,l agen er
aciónd ev a
lo rsecr eaapart
irdecom prender
lose cosi
stemasqu esegen er
analrededord elosOGD ,respond i
endoap r
eguntascomo:¿Quién e
ssonsu s
miemb ros
?¿Q uiéndirig
el ainte
racc
ióne nt
r eellos? ¿Cuálessonlo sresul
tadose spe
radosycóm opu eden
medi
rs e?E sp
ecí
ficam en
te,seident
ifi
c antresecosis
tema s
:g e n
eradore
s,infom edia
rio
s,yusuariosfin a
les
(Ubald i
,2013)(v éaserecuadro2)
.
12
CEPAL–Co
lec
ciónDo
cum
ento
sdeP
roy
ecto D
ato
sab
ier
tosyc
iud
ade
sin
tel
igen
tesenAm
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caL
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a…
DIAGRAMA4
MERCADODEDATOSABIERTOS
Fu
ent
e:e
labo
rac
iónp
rop
iaconb
aseenD
elo
it
te(
2013
).
RECUADRO2
ECOS
ISTEMASDEDATOSABIERTOS
Ecos
istemad eg en erado r
e sded a tos:s ecom ponep r
in c
ip a
lmen ted ein st
itucionespúb licas
,p erot ambiénpu ed e
involu c
raraa ctoresp rivados. Enl am ed
idaenqu el aimpo r
tanciasob relo sd a
tosen lazados(lin kedda ta)yl a
colaborac
iónd is
tribuid a(crowd sourcing )aum enteenr el
a c
iónal ac reaciónd ev alor,l a
sin teraccionesen trel o
s
generadoresded a
tosys usred e
ss eránm áscom p
leja s
.
Ecos
istemad ein fom ediarios:s ecompon ed elo sgen er
ado re
sd ep roductosys e
r v
i cio
sb asadosenlo sOGD ,qu e
puedenp roveni
rtan tod else c
torpúb licocomod elp r
ivado.Enc onsecu en c
ia,lo sfinesconqu ereal
i cens uactividad
son m uyv ar
iados
,yv and esdee lánim od elu c
roapo t
en c
iarl asocied adc ivi
lol atran spar
en ci
aenl asin s
ti
tu c
ion e
s
públicas
.E s
tosd e
s em peñanunp apeles encia
lenen contra
ryc rearvalorat ravésd elosd a
tos.E s
tosa ctorespu edens e
r
esenciale
senl acreaciónd ec apa c
idade san i
veld ecomun idadesyeng en e
rarunac ultu
r as obr
el osOGD .
Ecos
istemad eu su ar
io s
: p a
r aap rovecharlo sd atos,lo susu ariosn ece
sitanin voluc
r ar
seyp arti
cipard el as
inici
ativasdeOGD .En mu cho sc a
sos,e stoimplicad ifundirinformaciónd entrod elo se spaciosd ondelo susu ar
ioss e
reúnen,oi ncr
em entarelv al
o rdel o
sOGD m ed
iantee jerc
iciose spec
íficoscomol am ineríad ed a
tos( datam in
ing) .
F
uen
te:Ub
ald
i,Op
enGo
vernm
entDa
ta:Towa
rdsEmp
ir
ica
lAna
lys
iso
fOp
enGo
vernm
entDa
taI
nit
iat
ive
s,2013
.
P a
raqu elasinicia
tivasdeOGDp rosperen
,e snec es
ariog e
nerarunc i
clovirt
uosoendo ndelos
ac
tore spromu ev a
nl aa per
t u
rad edatosperot am b
iénfom en
tene lusoyd e
sarro
llodeapli
cacione
scon
basee nlosdato s
.E nesteescenar
io,sede bepotencia
runam b
i ented einte
rcam b
ioyco l
aborac
iónen t
re
losorg an
ismo sd elsectorpú b
lico
,lasociedadcivilytod oslosg ruposd ein
terés.Alguna
sdelasm edidas
ques es ugi
er en p ara susten
t a
re le cosist
em aa lrededord elo s OGDin c
luyen es
tra
t e
gia
sd e
com unicac
ión,p rom ocióne neld e
sarro
llodea plica
ciones,crea ciónd eal
ianzaspúblico
-pr
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,yun a
constant
er e
troalim ent
a c
iónco nlacom un
id add eusuar
i o
s.
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Datos Abiertos y Ciudades Inteligentes en America Latina

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Datos Abiertos y Ciudades Inteligentes en America Latina

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Datos abiertos y ciudades

inteligentes en América Latina

Jorge Alejandro Patiño

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Datos Abiertos y Ciudades Inteligentes en America Latina

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Datos Abiertos y Ciudades Inteligentes en America Latina

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Datos abiertos y ciudades

inteligentes en América Latina

Jorge Alejandro Patiño

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