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ɉɂɋɆɈȾɈɊȿȾȺɄɌɈɊȺ
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ɡɚɞɧɢɜɞɨɡɚɤɚɩɫɭɥɚɧɚɞɟɧɊɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɢɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɜɚɳɚɬɚɱɚɫɬɨɬ
ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɢɬɟɢɦɚɯɚɩɨɧɟɟɞɢɧɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɚɧɚɝɚɫɬɪɨɢɧɬɟɫɬɢɧɚɥɧɢɹɬɪɚɤɬ
ɫɥɟɞɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɧɟɧɚɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɱɧɨɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɡɚɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɹɇɚɣɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɩɨɞɨɛɪɟ
ɧɢɟɜɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɢɬɟɩɨɥɭɱɢɯɦɟɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɧɚɝɚɫɬɪɨɢɧɬɟɫɬɢɧɚɥɧɢɬɟɨɩɥɚɤ
ɜɚɧɢɹɤɚɤɬɨ ɢɜ ɧɹɤɨɥɤɨ ɫɮɟɪɢɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɜɤɥ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨɧɚ
ɠɢɜɨɬɁɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɇɢɟɨɬɤɪɢɯɦɟɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɟɧɟɮɟɤɬɧɚ/DFWR)ORU2SWLɜɴɪɯɭ
ɧɚɣɱɟɫɬɢɬɟɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɢɢɨɛɳɨɬɨɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɧɚɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɢɬɟɫɴɫɋȾɑɤɨɢɬɨɫɚ
ɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɟɧɢɢɨɬɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɢɬɟɧɚɞɪɭɝɢɚɜɬɨɪɢɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɧɚɩɨɥɡɢɬɟɨɬɭɩɨ
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ɧɢɭɜɪɟɞɢɧɚɱɟɪɜɨɬɨɋȾɑɡɚɫɹɝɚɨɤɨɥɨɨɬ
ɋɢɧɞɪɨɦɴɬ ɧɚ ɞɪɚɡɧɢɦɨɬɨ ɱɟɪɜɨ ɋȾɑ ɫɟ
ɞɟɮɢɧɢɪɚ ɨɬ 5RPH ,9 FULWHULD ɤɚɬɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥ
ɧɨ ɱɪɟɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɩɨɜɬɚɪɹɳɚ
ɫɟɤɨɪɟɦɧɚɛɨɥɤɚɟɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɚɫɞɟɮɟɤɚɰɢɹɬɚɢɥɢ
ɩɪɨɦɹɧɚ ɜ ɨɛɢɱɚɣɧɢɹ ɪɢɬɴɦ ɧɚ ɞɟɮɟɤɚɰɢɹ >@
ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɬɟ ɱɪɟɜɧɢ ɧɚɜɢɰɢ ɫɚ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚ
ɜɟɧɢɤɨɧɫɬɢɩɚɰɢɹɞɢɚɪɢɹɢɥɢɫɦɟɫɟɧɚɮɨɪɦɚɧɚ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɳɢɬɟ ɫɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɢ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɬɟ ɱɪɟɜɧɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɪɚɡɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɜɰɟɥɢɹɫɜɹɬɢɦɨɝɚɬɞɚɡɚɫɟɝɧɚɬ
ɜɫɢɱɤɢɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɨɬɜɴɡɪɚɫɬɩɨɥɪɚɫɚɢɫɨɰɢɚɥ
ɧɨɢɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɬɚɬɭɫɋɩɨɪɟɞɊɇɚɤɨɜɢɫɴɬɪ
ɱɟɫɬɨɬɚɬɚɧɚɋȾɑɡɚȻɴɥɝɚɪɢɹɟ>@ȼɴɩɪɟɤɢ
ɱɟɬɨɱɧɚɬɚɟɬɢɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɚɧɚɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚɧɟ
ɤɨɧɫɬɢɩɚɰɢɹɫɞɢɚɪɢɹɤɚɤɬɨɢɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɢɬɟɧɚɤɨ
ɪɟɦɧɨɩɨɞɭɜɚɧɟɢɨɩɴɜɚɧɟɇɚɱɚɥɨɬɨɧɚɫɢɦɩɬɨ
ɦɢɬɟɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɟɩɨɧɟɦɟɫɟɰɚɩɪɟɞɢɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɧɟ
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ɩɪɨɹɜɟɧɢɩɪɟɡɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɬɟɦɟɫɟɰɚ>@
ɋȾɑ ɟ ɧɚɣɱɟɫɬɨɬɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨ ɱɪɟɜɧɨ ɡɚ
ɛɨɥɹɜɚɧH ɡɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɴɥɧɨ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɟ ɧɟ ɫɟ
ɨɬɤɪɢɜɚɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɢ
ɨɛɹɫɧɹɜɚɳɢɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɚɬɚɋȾɑɧɟɫɟɫɜɴɪɡɜɚɫ
ɫɚɜɫɟɨɳɟɢɡɰɹɥɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟɧɢɩɪɨɭɱɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɤɚɡ
ɜɚɬɱɟɋȾɑɫɟɚɫɨɰɢɢɪɚɫɝɚɫɬɪɨɢɧɬɟɫɬɢɧɚɥɧɚɬɚ
ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɬɚɯɪɨɧɢɱɧɨɧɢɫɤɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɜɴɡɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ
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ɬɨɪɢɢɞɪɭɝɢ>@
Ɍɴɣ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɹɦɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɥɟɱɟ
ɧɢɟɡɚɋȾɑɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɧɢɬɟɨɩɰɢɢɫɚɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɚ
ɧɢɜɴɪɯɭɩɪɟɦɚɯɜɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɫɢɦɩɬRɦɢ
 ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇɋɄɂɉɊȿȽɅȿȾ

ɇɨɜɢɬɟɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɧɢɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɢɡɚɋȾɑɫɞɢɚɪɢɹ ɇɟ ɛɢɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɜɚ ɮɚɤɬɴɬ ɱɟ ɫɥɟɞ

ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɬ ɦɟɞɢɤɚɦɟɧɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɢ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɜɤɥ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɧɚɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɰɢɦɨɠɟɞɚɧɚɫɬɴɩɹɬɪɟɞɢ
ɥɨɩɟɪɚɦɢɞɫɩɚɡɦɨɥɢɬɢɰɢɢɬɪɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɧɢɚɧɬɢɞɟ ɰɚɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɢɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɡɚɱɪɟɜɧɢɹɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɦ
ɩɪɟɫɚɧɬɢɢɧɯɢɛɢɬɨɪɢɧɚɨɛɪɚɬɧɢɹɡɚɯɜɚɬɧɚɫɟɪɨ ɚɨɬɬɚɦɢɪɟɞɢɰɚɨɩɥɚɤɜɚɧɢɹɧɹɤɨɢɨɬɤɨɢɬɨɩɨ
ɬɨɧɢɧɚ665,ɢɞɪɭɝɢ>@ ɞɨɛɧɢɧɚɋȾɑɢɥɢɜɨɞɟɳɢɞɨɩɪɨɦɟɧɢɜɟɮɟɤɬɢɜ
ɋɴɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɪɴɤɢ ɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɧɨɫɬɬɚɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɚɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɧɢɬɟɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ɝɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɬɟɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɚ ɚɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ $*$ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɛɢ
ɨɬɢɰɢɬɟ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɬɚɜɚɬ ɥɢɩɫɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɫɬɜɚ
ɡɚɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɰɢɩɪɢɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɢɫɴɫ
ɋȾɑɫɤɨɧɫɬɢɩɚɰɢɹɢɩɪɚɜɹɬɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɬɨɱɟɫɚ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɢ ɩɨɝɨɥɟɦɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɢ ɛɴɞɟɳɢ ɩɪɨ
ɭɱɜɚɧɢɹɜɬɚɡɢɧɚɫɨɤɚ>@Ⱦɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɫɬɜɚɩɪɟɞɩɨ
ɥɚɝɚɬɱɟɱɪɟɜɧɢɬɟɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɢɢɝɪɚɹɬɜɚɠɧɚ
ɪɨɥɹ ɜ ɋȾɑ ɬɴɣ ɤɚɬɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɭɱɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɚ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɬɚɛɨ
ɥɢɬɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɱɪɟɜɧɚɬɚ ɮɥɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɰɢɟɧ
ɬɢ ɫɴɫ ɋȾɑ >@ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚɧɟɬɨ
ɧɚɱɪɟɜɧɚɬɚɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɬɚɨɬɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɰɢɛɢɦɨɝɥɨ
ɞɚ ɟ ɨɛɟɳɚɜɚɳɨ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɋȾɑ ɉɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɰɢɬɟ
ɢɦɚɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɚ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɹɜɚɬ ɱɪɟɜɧɚɬɚ ɮɥɨɪɚ ɢ
ɞɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɚɜɚɬ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɢ ɛɚɤ
ɬɟɪɢɢ >@ Ɇɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɧɢ ɢɡɩɢɬɜɚɧɢɹ
ɡɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɰɢɬɟ
ɩɪɢ ɋȾɑ ɢɦɚɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɇɹ
ɤɨɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɳɢɬɟ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɢ
> @ ȼ ɬɟɡɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɫɴɳɨ ɫɟ ɤɨɦɟɧɬɢɪɚ ɜɴɡ
ɦɨɠɧɚɬɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɰɢ ɢ ɫɢɧɛɢɨɬɢɰɢ
ɋɢɧɛɢɨɬɢɰɢɬɟ ɫɚ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɢ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɫɴɞɴɪɠɚɬ ɟɞ
ɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɱɧɢ ɳɚɦɨɜɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɛɢɨɬɢɱɧɢ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɤɨɢɬɨɜɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɹɨɤɚɡɜɚɬɡɞɪɚɜɨɫɥɨ
ɜɟɧɟɮɟɤɬɜɴɪɯɭɝɨɫɬɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ>@ɂɦɚɩɪɨɭɱ
ɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɜɚɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɢ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɧɢ
ɩɨɥɡɢ ɧɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɛɢɨɬɢɰɢ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ
ɫ ɬɚɡɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɱɧɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ >@ ɤɚɤɬɨ
ɢɧɚɫɨɱɜɚɧɟɧɚɢɦɭɧɧɚɬɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɤɴɦɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɢ
ɪɭɫɧɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɢɨɬɝɨɜɨɪɢɟɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɭɫɬɚɧɨ
ɜɹɜɚɧɟɧɚɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɫɜɱɟɪɜɚɬɚ>@
ɐɟɥɢɬɟɧɚɧɚɲɟɬɨɩɪɨɭɱɜɚɧɟɫɚRɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɢɡ
ɦɟɪɜɚɧɟɧɚɩɪɨɦɟɧɢɜɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɱɧɢɹɫɴɫɬɚɜɧɚ
ɱɟɪɜɚɬɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɢ ɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɧɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɢ ɫɜɴɪɡɚ
ɧɢɫɢɦɭɧɧɚɬɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɢɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɴɪɯɭ
ɡɞɪɚɜɟɬɨ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɚɬɚ ɜɤɥɸ
ɱɟɧɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɭɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɢ ɫ ɨɩɥɚɤɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɯɪɚɧɨɫɦɢɥɚɬɟɥɧɚɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɢ
ɧɚɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɜɚɧɢɬɟɩɪɢɋȾɑɢɫɭɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɚɬ ɩɨɥɡɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɰɢɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɋȾɑ
ɧɚ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɧɨ ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɹɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɩɥɚɤɜɚɧɢɹ
>@ ɞɪɭɝɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɜɚɬ ɥɢɩɫɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɟɮɟɤɬ >@ ɚ
ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɢɢɞɪɭɝɢɩɪɢɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɢɬɟ
ɧɹɤɨɥɤɨ ɩɪɨɭɱɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɧɚɦɢɪɚɬ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɟɧ ɟɮɟɤɬ
ɧɚɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɰɢɬɟɜɴɪɯɭɨɛɳɚɬɚɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɚɩɪɢ
ɋȾɑ ɧɨ ɨɬɤɪɢɜɚɬ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɢɬɟ
Ɇึ่฻ๆ฾ึแ฾โ฻่ไฺ฾
ɋȾɑɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɢ>@ Ⱦɢɡɚɣɧɧɚɩɪɨɭɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ
ȼɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɦɟɬɚɚɧɚɥɢɡ>@ɫɟɩɨɤɚɡɜɚɩɨɥɡɚɬɚ
ȼ ɩɪɨɭɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɛɹɯɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢ  ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɢ
ɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɚɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɰɢɬɟɡɚɩɨɞɨɛɪɹɜɚɧɟ
ɫɴɫ ɋȾɑɩɨɞɨɛɧɚ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚ ɫɟ ɢɥɢ
ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɋȾɑ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɥɚɰɟɛɨ Ɂɧɚ
ɡɚɫɢɥɢɥɚ ɫɟ ɫɥɟɞ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɰɢ ɉɪɢ
ɱɢɬɟɥɧɚɬɚɯɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɚɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɚɧɢɬɟɩɪɨɭɱ
ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɢɬɟɜɩɪɨɭɱɜɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɞɟɧ
ɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɬɨ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢɬɟ ɛɟɲɟɜɡɟɬɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɧɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɮɟɰɟɫɡɚɢɡ
ɩɪɚɜɹɬ ɢɡɤɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɟɡɚ&DQGLGDɪɭɬɢɧɧɢɩɨɫɟɜɤɢɡɚɭɫɬɚɧɨ
ɬɪɭɞɧɨɡɚɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɧɚɦɟɬɚɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɧɨɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢ ɜɹɜɚɧɟɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɜɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɧɹɤɨɢɱɪɟɜɧɢɜɢɞɨɜɟ
ɦɨɨɬɬɨɜɚɬɟɧɚɦɢɪɚɬɱɟɩɨɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɬɨɥɟɱɟ ɮɟɤɚɥɟɧ ɤɚɥɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɢɧ ɢɦɭɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɢ ɢɡɫɥɟɞ
ɧɢɟɫɟɞɦɢɰɢɦɨɠɟɞɚɧɚɦɚɥɢɨɛɳɢɬɟɫɢɦɩɬɨ
ɦɢɩɪɢɋɊɑɢɨɰɟɧɤɢɬɟɡɚɩɨɞɭɜɚɧɟ>@
ɇɹɤɨɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɢ ɫɴɨɛɳɚɜɚɬ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɋɊɑ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚ ɞɴɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɚ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɰɢ >@ ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɜɫɥɟɞ
ɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɱɟɬɨ ɨɬɩɚɞɧɚɥɢ ɜɴɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɩɚ
ɰɢɟɧɬɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɚɬɚ ɫ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɧɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɰɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɢɬɟ ɫɚ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɧɢ
ɜɚɧɢɹ ± ɛɴɪɡ ɬɟɫɬ ɡɚ & GLႈFLOH ɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɧ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ ɢ
ɛɴɪɡɬɟɫɬɡɚɥɚɤɬɨɮɟɪɢɧɉɚɰɢɟɧɬɢɬɟɩɨɩɴɥɧɢɯɚ
ɨɧɥɚɣɧɚɧɤɟɬɧɚɤɚɪɬɚɡɚɨɰɟɧɤɚɧɚɫɭɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɬɟ
ɭɫɟɳɚɧɢɹɇɚɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɢɬɟɛɟɲɟɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɩɪɨɛɢ
ɨɬɢɤ/DFWR)ORU2SWLɜɞɨɡɚɤɚɩɫɭɥɚɧɚɞɟɧɡɚ
ɞɧɢ
ɇɚ ɜɢɹ ɞɟɧ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ /DFWR)ORU
2SWL  ɛɟɲɟ ɜɡɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɜɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɧ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
ɞɚɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɚɬɩɨɞɨɛɴɪɟɮɟɤɬɜɝɪɭɩɚɬɚɫɩɨ ɮɟɰɟɫ  ɡɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɜɚɧɟ ɧɢɜɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɢ
ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ >@ ȼɴɩɪɟɤɢ ɩɨɥɡɢɬɟ ɨɬ ɬɟɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɨɫɥɟɞɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɬɚɧɚ
ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɢ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɰɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɤɚɪɚɧɧɢɟɮɟɤɬɢɢɫɟɩɨɩɴɥɧɢɨɧɥɚɣɧ
ɡɚ ɩɨɞɭɜɚɧɟ >@ ɧɟ ɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɤɨɣ ɳɚɦ ɢɥɢ ɚɧɤɟɬɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɡɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɭɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɬɟ ɭɫɟɳɚ
ɜɢɞɟɩɨɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɟɧɨɬɞɪɭɝɢɬɟ ɧɢɹɇɚɢɹɞɟɧɨɬɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɬɨɜɩɪɨɭɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ
ɐɜȼɟɥɢɤɨɜɚȼȼɟɥɤɨɜɫɤɢȺɆɢɯɨɜɚɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɧɚLDFWREDFLOOXVVSSɢBLILGREDFWHULXPVSS 

ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɢɬɟ ɩɨɩɴɥɧɢɯɚ ɚɧɤɟɬɧɚɬɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɡɚ ɭɫɬɚ
ɧɨɜɹɜɚɧɟ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɭɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɬɟ ɭɫɟɳɚɧɢɹ ɡɚ
ɬɪɟɬɢɢɩɨɫɥɟɞɟɧɩɴɬ
Ⱦɢɡɚɣɧɴɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɭɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɲɟ ɜɟɪɬɢ
ɤɚɥɧɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɧɚɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɢɬɟɮɟɰɟɫ±ɞɟɧɢ
ɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢ ɜ ɥɢɫɬɚɬɚ ɧɚ (XURSHDQ )RRG
6DIHW\ $XWKRULW\ ɡɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɢ ɫ (8 436
ɫɬɚɬɭɫ >@ Ɉɰɟɧɟɧɚ ɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɞ
ɛɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɢ ɤɴɦ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɨɬ  ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɚ
ɚɦɩɢɰɢɥɢɧ ɜɚɧɤɨɦɢɰɢɧ ɝɟɧɬɚɦɢɰɢɧ ɤɚɧɚɦɢ
ɜɢɢɞɚɧɧɢɬɟɨɬɚɧɤɟɬɧɚɬɚɤɚɪɬɚɞɟɧɜɢ ɰɢɧ ɫɬɪɟɩɬɨɦɢɰɢɧ ɟɪɢɬɪɨɦɢɰɢɧ ɤɥɢɧɞɚɦɢɰɢɧ
ɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɬɨ ɢɡ
ɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɟ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɭɛɟɤɬɢɜ
ɧɢɬɟ ɭɫɟɳɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɢɬɟ ɥɢɰɚ Ʉɴɦ ɦɨ
ɦɟɧɬɚɫɚɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɚɧɢɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɢɬɟɞɨɞɟɧɜɢ
ɬɴɣɤɚɬɨɜɫɟɨɳɟɫɟɫɴɛɢɪɚɬɨɬɝɨɜɨɪɢɧɚɚɧɤɟɬɚɬɚ
ɧɚɞɟɧɢ
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢɡɚɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟ
ɉɚɰɢɟɧɬɢɬɟɤɨɢɬɨɛɹɯɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɜɩɪɨɭɱɜɚɧɟ
ɬɨɬɪɹɛɜɚɲɟɞɚɨɬɝɨɜɚɪɹɬɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɢɬɟɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ Ɏɟɤɚɥɧɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɛɢ ɛɹɯɚ ɬɟɫɬɜɚɧɢ ɡɚ ɫɥɟɞɧɢɬɟ
ȼɴɡɪɚɫɬɧɚɞɝ
Ʌɢɩɫɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɠɤɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨ
ɬɟɬɪɚɰɢɤɥɢɧɯɥɨɪɚɦɮɟɧɢɤɨɥɫɴɝɥɚɫɧɨɪɴɤɨɜɨɞ
ɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ()6$ ɡɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ
ɧɚ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢɬɟ ɤɴɦ ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ >@
ɤɚɬɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟɧɚɬɚɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɡɚ/5KDPQRVXV
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ɫɬɪɟɩɬɨɦɢɰɢɧɟɨɬɧɟɩɪɟɧɨɫɢɦɬɢɩ
ɂɦɭɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɢɦɟɬɨɞɢɜɴɜɮɟɤɚɥɧɢɩɪɨɛɢ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
± Ɏɟɤɚɥɟɧ ɤɚɥɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɢɧ ɱɪɟɡ %h+/0$11
ɡɚɛɨɥɹɜɚɧɟ I&$/Š WXUER %8+/0$11 'LDJQRVWLFV &RUS 86$
Ɉɩɥɚɤɜɚɧɢɹɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɚɧɚɝɚɫɬɪɨɢɧɬɟɫɬɢɧɚɥ ± ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɧɟ ɱɪɟɡ ɢɦɭɧɨɯɪɨɦɚ
ɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɤɬ ɋȾɑɩɨɞɨɛɧɚ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚ ɬɨɝɪɚɮɫɤɢɦɟɬɨɞɢɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɚɧɟɧɚɚɩɚɪɚɬFXWRII
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ɦɢɫɢɹ
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 ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇɋɄɂɉɊȿȽɅȿȾ

Ɣȼɴɩɪɨɫɧɢɰɢɬɟɛɹɯɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɜɚɧɤɟɬɚɤɨɹɬɨ Ɋɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɢɨɬɜɴɩɪɨɫɧɢɰɢɬɟ±ɫɤɨɪɨɜɟ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɰɢɬɟɩɨɩɴɥɜɚɯɚɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɥɟɞɜɫɹɤɚ ɉɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɧɚɫɤɨɪɨɜɚɬɚɨɰɟɧɤɚɨɬɜɴɩɪɨɫ
ɜɢɡɢɬɚɧɚɞɟɧɢɜɢɤɚɤɬɨɢɧɚɢɹɞɟɧɨɬ
ɧɚɱɚɥɨɬɨɧɚɩɪɨɭɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɟɬɨɞɢ
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɬɟ ɞɚɧɧɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɟɧɢɬɟ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚ
ɧɢɹɛɹɯɚɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɟɧɢɫɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚɬɚ([FHOɢ6366
Yɤɚɬɨɛɹɯɚɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɢɦɟɬɨɞɴɬɏɢɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢ
ɧɢɰɢɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɯɦɟ ɫɥɟɞɧɢɬɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɢ Ɂɚ ɫɤɨɪɚ
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ɝɚɫɬɪɨɢɧɬɟɫɬɢɧɚɥɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɤɬ ɨɬɛɟɥɹɡɚɯɦɟ ɫɢɝɧɢ
ɮɢɤɚɧɬɧɨɧɚɦɚɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɞɟɧɜɢɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚ ɬɟɠɟɫɬɬɚ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɭɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɟɦɚ ɧɚɦɚɥɟɧɢɟ
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ɞɟɫɤɪɢɩɬɢɜɧɚɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ
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Ɋ฻฽้แ่ึ่฾
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ɉɪɢ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɢɬɟ ɛɟɲɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɧɚ
ɱɪɟɜɧɚɮɥɨɪɚɛɟɡɪɚɫɬɟɠɡɚ&DQGLGDɆɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩ
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Ɋɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɢɨɬɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɟɧɚɮɟɤɚɥɧɢ
ɬɟɨɬɨɬɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɟɧɚɜɴɩɪɨɫɧɢɰɢ3+4ɧɚɞɟɧɢ
ɞɟɧɜɢɩɨɤɚɡɚɯɚɱɟɜɧɚɱɚɥɨɬɨɧɚɩɪɨɭɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ
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ɫɥɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɤɚ ɫɚɦɨ
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ɢ&ORVWULGLXPGLIILFLOH
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ɜɨɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɟɩɪɢɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɰɢɬɟɛɟɲɟPFJJ
ɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɬɨɪɨ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɢɹ ɞɟɧ ± 
PFJJɛɟɡɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɡɧɚɱɢɦɚɪɚɡɥɢɤɚɦɟɠ
ɞɭ ɬɹɯ Ɉɬ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɬɟɫɬɜɚɧɢ ɥɢɰɚ ɦɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɯɚ
ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɢ ɫɬɨɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɛɴɪɡ ɬɟɫɬ ɡɚ ɤɚɥɩɪɨɬɟ
ɥɢɟɟɞɢɧɫɛɨɥɤɢɜɤɪɴɫɬɚ
Ɉɬɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɟɧɚɪɚɡɲɢɪɟɧɢɹɜɴɩɪɨɫɧɢɤɡɚɤɚ
ɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɬ ɪɚɡɤɪɢɯɚ ɧɚɦɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɤɨ
ɪɚɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɫɜɥɨɲɟɧɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɧɚɠɢɜɨɬɧɚɞɟɧ
ɜɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɟɧɢɧɚɮɢɝɌɨɱɤɢɬɟɫɚɞɚɞɟɧɢ
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ɜɴɩɪɨɫɧɢɤɚ ɡɚ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɢ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɜɚ
±ɧɢɤɨɝɚ±ɩɪɟɡɦɚɥɤɚɱɚɫɬɨɬɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ±
ɤɬɢɧ  ɢ ɟɞɢɧ ɡɚ ɥɚɤɬɨɮɟɪɢɧ  ɇɢɬɨ ɩɪɟɡɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɧɚɱɚɫɬɨɬɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ±ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɧɚ
ɟɞɢɧɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɧɟɛɟɲɟɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɟɧɡɚ&GLႈFLOHɢ ɱɚɫɬ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ  ± ɩɪɟɡ ɩɨɝɨɥɹɦɚɬɚ ɱɚɫɬ ɨɬ
ɬɨɤɫɢɧɢɬɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ±ɩɪɟɡɰɹɥɨɬɨɜɪɟɦɟ

ɎɢɝɌɟɠɟɫɬɧɚɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɚɬɚɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɚɧɚɝɚɫɬɪɨɢɧɬɟɫɬɢɧɚɥɧɢɹɬɪɚɤɬɋɤɚɥɚɨɬ±ɥɢɩɫɚ±ɦɧɨɝɨɬɟɠɤɨ
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ɯɪɚɧɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɢɬɤɢ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɫɭɦɚɰɢɹ ɚ ɧɚɣɦɚɥɤɚ
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ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɢɞɟɣɧɨɫɬɢ

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ɦɥɟɱɧɚɤɢɫɟɥɢɧɚ
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ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɉɪɢɧɚɲɟɬɨɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɟɫɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɯɚ
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ɬɢɱɧɨɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɢɟɨɱɚɤɜɚɯɦɟɱɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɟɡɚ
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ɮɢɧɢɩɪɨɦɟɧɢɜɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɦɚɧɨɜɴɩɪɟɤɢɬɨɜɚɧɟ
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ɤɚɪɫɬɜɚ
Ɉɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɢɨ
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ɟ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɜɴɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɴɪɯɭ
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