Use the following words to answer Questions 1 to 5.

gland hormone receptors spine muscles

nervous homeostasis stimuli brain

1 a Which word refers to cells which detect changes in the environment?

receptors (1 mark)

b Which word refers to the actual changes in the environment?

stimuli (1 mark)

2 a When the player was nearly tackled badly, he reacted really fast. Which co-ordination
centre allows us to react fast to danger without thinking about it?

Spinal cord (reflex action) (1 mark)

b When he was in danger, his body put out adrenalin which made his heart go faster.
What sort of substance is adrenaline?

hormone (1 mark)

c What type of effector produces adrenaline?

gland (1 mark)

d What type of effector made him able to get out of the way?

muscles (1 mark)

3 Which system connects the receptors, the co-ordination centres and the effectors?

nervous (1 mark)

4 Which word means keeping the body environment at optimum (best) levels?

homeostasis (1 mark)

5 Which co-ordination centre does the thinking?

Brain (1 mark)
6. Imagine you have just stood on a pin in your bare feet. Describe the path that impulses take. Use
these terms to help you.

stimulus nerve CNS

effector muscles in leg pressure receptors in skin

Pressure receptors in the skin detects the pain which is the stimulus. Nerve impulses are
transmitted through the nerve to the CNS, CNS then sends the nerve impulses through nerves to the
effector which are muscles in the leg. Leg is pulled up.
Hormone Produced by:
Insulin Pancreas
Oestrogen Ovary
Growth hormone Pituitary
Adrenaline Adrenal
Testosterone testis
Thyroxine Thyroid

Function Gland
1. Controls blood glucose levels. Pancreas
2. Influences the rate of growth and development of young Pituitary
animals.
3. ‘Prepares the body for fight or flight’ Adrenal
4. Affect glucose, protein and fat metabolism. Thyroid
5. Prepares the body for emergency situations. Adrenal
6. Produces a hormone called Insulin Pancreas