SALMIYA INDIAN MODEL

SCHOOL

PHYSICS PROJECT
TOPIC : STUDY OF VARIOUS FACTORS
ON WHICH THE INTERNAL
RESISTANCE/EMF OF A CELL
DEPENDS.
SUBMITTED TO: MRS. SHIFA
SUBMITTED BY: MD. NADIR KHAN
[CLASS-12THCBSE]
 CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT MASTER
MOHAMMED NADIR KHAN, A STUDENT OF
CLASS 12TH CBSE HAS SUCCESSFULLY
COMPLETED HIS PROJECT WORK UNDER THE
GUIDANCE OF SUBJECT TEACHER MRS.SHIFA
FROM SALMIYA INDIAN MODEL SCHOOL IN
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF PHYSICS
PRACTICLE EXAMINATION CONDUCTED BY
CBSE.

TEACHER’ SIGN PRINCIPAL’S SIGN

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
THE SUCCESS AND FINAL OUTCOME OF THIS
PROJECT REQUIRED A LOT OF GUIDANCE AND
ASSISTANCE FROM MANY PEOPLE AND I AM
EXTREMELY FORTUNATE TO HAVE GOT THIS ALL
ALONG THE COMPLETION OF MY PROJECT WORK.
WHATEVER I HAVE DONE IS ONLY DUE TO SUCH
GUIDANCE AND ASSISTANCE AND I WOULD NOT
FORGET TO THANK THEM.
I RESPECT AND THANK MRS. SHIFA, FOR GIVING
ME THIS OPPORTUNITY TO DO THIS PROJECT WORK
AND PROVIDING US ALL SUPPORT AND GUIDANCE
WHICH MADE ME COMPLETE THE PROJECT ON
TIME. I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY GRTITUDE
TOWARDS MRS. SHIFA AGAIN FOR HELPING ME IN
CONDUCTING THESE PRACTICALS FOR THE
PROJECT.
LAST BUT NOT THE LEAST I WOULD LIKE TO THANK
ALL MY FRIENDS WHO SUPPORTED ME ALL THE
WAY AND MY PARENTS WHO HELPED ME
FINANCIALLY AND ENCOURAGED ME
THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT.

INDEX
INTRODUCTION
 INTERNAL RESISTANCE

 INTERNAL RESISTANCE IS DEFINED AS THE

RESISTANCE OFFERED BY THE ELECTROLYTE OF THE
CELL TO THE FLOW OF IONS.
 IT’S S.I. UNIT IS OHM .
FOR A CELL OF E.M.F(E) AND INTERNAL RESISTANCE (R),
CONNECTED TO AN EXTERNAL RESISTANCE (R) SUCH THAT
(I) IS THE CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH THE CIRCUIT,

Practical analysis

Objective
to study the various factors on which the internal resistance of a
cell depends.
Apparatus
A potentiometer, a battery (or battery eliminator), two one way
keys, a rheostat, a resistance box, an ammeter, a cell (leclanche
cell), a jockey, a setsquare, connecting wires and sand paper.
Theory
The internal resistance of a cell is the resistance offered by it’s
electrolyte to the flow of ions. The internal resistance of a cell
 Is directly proportional to the distance between electrodes.
 Is inversely proportional to facing surface area of the
electrodes in electrolyte.
 Decreases with increase in temperature of electrolyte.
 Is inversely proportional to concentration of electrolyte.
The internal resistance of a cell is given by :
Procedure
Observations
result and inferences

precautions
 Sources of error

Flowchart conclusion
Bibliography