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  • Biology Chap 14 f4/5

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    Jiaying
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    This document compares the movement and locomotion of different organisms including fish, birds, earthworms, grasshoppers, and humans. It describes how different muscles like the pectoralis major in birds, longitudinal and circular muscles in earthworms, flexor and extensor muscles in grasshoppers, and biceps femoris and quadriceps femoris in humans facilitate movement. The key modes of locomotion discussed are undulating body movements in fish, flight in birds powered by wing muscles, anchoring and shortening of chaetae segments in earthworms, jumping in grasshoppers via their hind legs, and walking in humans through alternating leg movements.

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    biology chap 14 f4/5

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    This document compares the movement and locomotion of different organisms including fish, birds, earthworms, grasshoppers, and humans. It describes how different muscles like the pectoralis major in birds, longitudinal and circular muscles in earthworms, flexor and extensor muscles in grasshoppers, and biceps femoris and quadriceps femoris in humans facilitate movement. The key modes of locomotion discussed are undulating body movements in fish, flight in birds powered by wing muscles, anchoring and shortening of chaetae segments in earthworms, jumping in grasshoppers via their hind legs, and walking in humans through alternating leg movements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    4 views1 page

    Biology Chap 14 f4/5

    Uploaded by

    Jiaying
    This document compares the movement and locomotion of different organisms including fish, birds, earthworms, grasshoppers, and humans. It describes how different muscles like the pectoralis major in birds, longitudinal and circular muscles in earthworms, flexor and extensor muscles in grasshoppers, and biceps femoris and quadriceps femoris in humans facilitate movement. The key modes of locomotion discussed are undulating body movements in fish, flight in birds powered by wing muscles, anchoring and shortening of chaetae segments in earthworms, jumping in grasshoppers via their hind legs, and walking in humans through alternating leg movements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    14.

    3 Movement and Locomotion


    Fish Bird Earthworm Grasshopper Human Walking Human Arm
    O Myotome - pectoralis major - longitudinal muscle - Flexor - biceps femoris - biceps
    - pectoralis minor - circular muscle - Extensor - quadriceps femoris - triceps
    C  W-shaped muscle segments  large and strong  antagonistic muscle  antagonistic muscle  antagonistic muscle  biceps → triceps
     antagonistic (a pair of antagonistic muscle which located at  attached to the inner  biceps femoris is the  biceps connected to
    muscle) on bird’s chest anterior and surface of exoskeleton flexor radius
     fins: control fish's posterior  flexor bends joint  quadriceps femoris is  triceps connected to
    movement and direction  extensor straightens the extensor ulna
    joint  antagonistic muscle
     muscular and long
    hind legs adapted for
    jumping / leaping
    P  when muscle at left contract,  pectoralis major  longitudinal muscle  Rest: flexor contracts,  biceps femoris contract  biceps contracts to
    will pull tail to left contacts → wing contract →body hind leg will be folded and pull the femur cause arm bend
     will produce alternating pulls down shorter and thicker into Z shape → will move against  triceps contracts cause
    waves of contraction and  pectoralis minor  circular muscle  Extensor contracts, the ground and cause arm straightening
    relaxation contracts → wing contract →body hind leg straightened knee bending  when biceps contracts,
    pulls up longer and thinner backwards  quadriceps femoris triceps relaxes
     The chaetae contract
    (posterior) → straightening the
    segments anchor to leg or calf
    the ground, the
    chaetae (anterior)
    relax

    R  cause body of the fish moving  air pressure provides The posterior segment Catapult-like ejection of  tibialis contracts to  the radius pulled
    side to side upthrust which is shortened is the hind legs’ projects bring down the heel upwards, arm bending
     pushing water backwards and  flight takes place pulled to the front. grasshopper forward  right heel touches the (biceps)
    sideways and up into the air ground, body weight  the ulna is pulled
     moving fish forward shifted to right legs downwards,
     whole sequence straightening the arm
    repeated by the left leg (triceps)

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