Quantitative

Research:
Characteristics,
Strengths,
Limits, and
Importance

Prepared By:
Mr. Ron Richard S. Callera
Practical Research 2
GET ½ YELLOW
PIECE
OF PAPER
CROSSWISE!!!!
 WHAT I WHAT I WANT
ALREADY TO KNOW
KNOW ABOUT MORE ABOUT
KW CHART QUANTITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH RESEARCH
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

PREREQUISITE SKILL #1 Know what is quantitative

research.
PREREQUISITE SKILL #2 Define quantitative research.
PREREQUISITE SKILL #3 Describe the nature of
quantitative research.
PREREQUISITE SKILL #4 Identify and list the
characteristics of
quantitative research.
DEPED LEARNING Describe the characteristics
COMPETENCY #1 of quantitative research.
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

PREREQUISITE SKILL #1 Identify the strengths and

weaknesses of
quantitative research.
PREREQUISITE SKILL #2 List and tabulate the
strengths and weaknesses
of quantitative research.
DEPED LEARNING Describe each strength
COMPETENCY #2 and weakness of
quantitative research.
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

PREREQUISITE SKILL #1 Identify and list the kinds of quantitative

research.
DEPED LEARNING COMPETENCY #3 Describe each kind of quantitative
research.

PREREQUISITE SKILL #1 List the importance of quantitative

research across different fields of
interest and disciplines.
DEPED LEARNING COMPETENCY #4 Illustrate the importance of
quantitative research across fields.
WHAT IS
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH?
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

• A type of research
that emphasizes
objective
measurements and
numerical data in
exploring and studying
the social world
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

• Explains phenomena
by collecting numerical
data that are analyzed
using mathematically-
based
methods (Creswell, 1994)
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

• A scientific
analysis that aims
to examine the
relationships
between variables,
thereby yielding
quantifiable results
What Makes Research
"Quantitative"?
WHAT MAKES A RESEARCH
"QUANTITATIVE"?

Relies on descriptive and inferential statistics to measure variables

and analyze the relationships between them (PRIA, 2013).

Data gathered are usually in the form of statistics, measurements,

numbers, and data points.
WHAT MAKES A RESEARCH
"QUANTITATIVE"?

• The data are analyzed

through statistical,
mathematical, or
computational models.
• The results are then
interpreted by comparing
them to prior predictions
and past research.
WHAT MAKES A RESEARCH
"QUANTITATIVE"?

FOCUS: Gathering
numerical data and
generalizing them
across groups of
people and explaining a
specific phenomenon
The Positivist
Paradigm
THE POSITIVIST
PARADIGM

• A world view prioritizing

measurable data and empirical
analysis to test hypotheses
and investigate human
behavior (Tuli, 2010).
• Focuses on gathering
empirical data to explore
these trends and patterns
 Uses methods and approaches
THE similar to those found in the natural
POSITIVIST sciences
PARADIGM
Prefers quantitative methods such
as social surveys, structured
questionnaires, and statistics to
better understand society and
uncover the trends within it
 Deductively determines the
relationships between variables
or even their causal
relationships

THE
POSITIVIST Tests hypothesis

PARADIGM

Makes predictions
 Results of quantitative data are
measurable using standardized tools
and are in numeric form.
THE
POSITIVIST
PARADIGM Quantitative research methods
require a larger sample size from
which quantitative data is derived (i.e.
from hundreds to thousands of
participants), commonly representing
the population.
 The Nature of
Quantitative Research
NATURE OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

ASPECT SPECIFIC PARAMETER

Focus of the • Uncovers laws on human behavior
Research • Investigates cause and effect
• Tests hypotheses
• Makes predictions

Key Assumption Society is studied empirically and

scientifically
 NATURE OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

ASPECT SPECIFIC PARAMETER

Research Method Focuses on the validity, reliability, and representativeness of the
research

Data Gathering Techniques • Questionnaires

• Measurements
• Structured interviews
• Official statistics
• Social surveys
 ASPECT SPECIFIC
NATURE OF
QUANTITATIVE PARAMETER
RESEARCH
Data Analysis Statistical,
mathematical, and
computational
approach
Sampling • Large
• Representative of
the population
• Chosen randomly
 Characteristics of
Quantitative Research
 Deductive Iterative

CHARACTERISTICS
OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
Repeatable
Objective
and
and logical
verifiable
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

Uses structured research methods

Probability sampling to eliminate bias

Uses standardized research instruments

Numerical data gathered

 Uses statistical and
mathematical techniques and
tools

CHARACTERISTICS Outcome of the study can

OF QUANTITATIVE represent the whole
RESEARCH population

Finds patterns, makes

predictions, and investigates
causal relationships
Strengths and Limits of
Quantitative Research
 Can be
Structured and
administered and
linear
evaluated quickly

Results and
methods are easy
STRENGTHS Objective
to reproduce and
replicate

Easy to establish Can surface

validity and cause-and-effect
reliability of data relationships
 Limited to identifying NOT EVERYTHING can be
correlation, NOT causation quantified

LIMITS
Cannot provide deeper
Requires a large number
meaning or insights as to
of respondents
"why" or "how."

Needs more resources to

Generalizability hindrance
conduct
 Importance of
Quantitative Research
Across Disciplines
Business and Marketing (ABM)

Data are collected

from consumers,
For productivity and
business partners,
profit
target demographics,
and the market
Business and Marketing (ABM)

To enable the researchers to make informed decisions that

could maximize profits, increase productivity, and expand the
company's market share

To upgrade business processes, manage their supply

chain, and improve inventory management
Business and Marketing (ABM)

Companies may also conduct market research and product testing, such as taste
tests and focus groups to gather market sentiment, trend, and customer tastes.

Companies can craft better marketing strategies, improve existing products and
even develop new ones that are more responsive to the market and in tune with
the customers' preferences.
Human Resources Management (ABM)

To manage the human capital of a company or organization

(e.g. tracking employee productivity and employee time
management)

Conducting performance management and employee

assessments to manage and design employee benefits and
compensation packages
Human Resources Management (ABM)

To conduct employee
opinion surveys to gauge
To improve the
employee sentiment,
recruitment of new
leading to better
employees
business decisions by
manages and leaders
Economics (ABM)

To study economic phenomena, gauge Econometrics - statistical method for

market behavior, and forecast economic economic research
trends
Sample ABM
Topics
Education (HUMSS)

Measuring the learning and Used to assess and compare the Comparing academic performance
performance of individuals or groups effectiveness of teaching or
via educational assessments pedagogical approaches
Social Sciences (HUMSS)

To determine the relationships between variables and explain their causal

relationships in understanding social phenomena or in tracking economic
patterns

Statistics, mathematics, and format theory explains how society operates.

Social Sciences
(HUMSS)

• The statistical data and

numerical analysis that social
science research produces
then informs policy maker in
governments, local
authorities, and non-
governmental organizations.
Political Science and
Politics (HUMSS)

• Surveys and opinion polls (to determine the support for

certain candidates or determine the voting patterns of
various demographics)
• Example: Correlations between the age of a population
and voting participation
Political Science and Politics (HUMSS)

EXAMPLE: The
To gauge the people's
effectiveness of
To explain trends in the sentiment and determine
assistance programs
voter turnouts during the public policy or
toward the rehabilitation of
elections proposed laws and
areas devasted by typhoon
regulations
Yolanda last 2013
Political Science and
Politics (HUMSS)

A Study on Voter Turnout:

HYPOTHESIS: Instead of stimulating voter turnout,
candidates whose campaign advertisement that
"criticize, discredit, or belittle their opponenr rather than
providing their own ideas" depress voter turnout
Political Science and
Politics (HUMSS)

A Study on Voter Turnout:

METHODOLOGY (THREE
ADVERTISEMENT
TREATMENTS):
• Positive advertisement
• Negative advertisement
• No advertisement
Political Science and Politics (HUMSS)

RESULT: Exposure to negative advertisements leads to CONCLUSION: The decline in presidential and midterm
decreased voter turnout. voter turnout since the 1960s in America may be due to
the increasing permeation of negative
Political Science and Politics (HUMSS)

To gauge the people's

sentiment and
To explain trends in the
determine supper for
voter turnouts during
public policy or
elections
proposed laws and
regulations
Demography (HUMSS)

Philippine Statistical Authority (PSA) and the University of

the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI)

To conduct censuses and determine the dmographic and

social profile of the Philippine populace
Demography (HUMSS)

To improve the
To surface the trends in
To create policies and response of the police
population growth,
develop economic force or for
movement, migration,
programs and policymaking and the
and economic mobility
interventions creation of crime-
of the population
fighting programs
Sociology (HUMSS)

To discover trends and To get a sense of

patterns in the behavior prevailing social
of individuals or groups attitudes or beliefs on
of people, as well as the different topic such as
underlying rules that charity, racism, health,
govern them and many others.
Sociology (HUMSS)

EXAMPLE: RATIONALE: TO KNOW WHAT LIVING OR QUESTION: IS THE EXPERIENCE OF

WORKING IN A PARTCULAR AREA DOES POVERTY WORSE IF ONE LIVES IN A
TO LIFE CHANCES AND ATTITUDES POOR AREA THAN IN AN
ECONOMICALLY-MIXED AREA?
Sociology (HUMSS)

EXAMPLE: METHOD: Surveyed the economically CONCLUSION: It is worse to be poor in

disadvantaged people from poorer areas a "poor area" in relation to areas with a
and from socioeconomically mixed areas mix of socioeconomic classes.
in Glasgow ang Edinburgh
Sample
HUMSS
Topics
Sample HUMSS
Topics
Sample HUMSS
Topics
Psychology (HUMSS/STEM)

Psychometrics – extensively
uses quantitative and
statistical methods in testing, Personality testing,
measuring, gathering, and perceived stress levels, IQ
analyzing data involving testing, EQ testing, etc.
human behavior and
psychological processes
Psychology (HUMSS/STEM)

To quantitatively
assess the
A STUDY ON presence of
SEX-ROLE specific themes
STEREOTYPING and features of a
subject in a
systematic fashion
Psychology (HUMSS/STEM)

Characters in major roles

will be likely to be male
HYPOTHESES:
than characters in minor
roles.

Characters in activities with

The characters will be
high amounts of movement
more likely to be make if
will be more likely to be
the activity is an individual
male than those characters
activity than a group
who are portrated with low
activity.
amounts of movements.
Natural Sciences (STEM)

Employs experimental Done in laboratory Manipulation of

research settings variables
Technology (STEM)

Rate of processing of certain Time consumed for any

devices procedure
Technology (STEM)

Data collected will lead to a more responsible and

accountable operation of the different components of
technology

Recorded data are vital to test the efficiency of new devices,

inventions, discoveries, and innovations
Health and Medical
Sciences (STEM)

Evidence-based Medicine
• Uses the best available research and
scientific evidence from clinical research
to care for patients
• Uses quantitative techniques such as
randomized controlled trials to study the
effects of drugs, surgical techniques, and
treatments before they are used for
patients
• Used to improve strategy for intervention
by medical professionals to provide
better care for the patients (Valdez,
2019).
Health and Medical Sciences (STEM)

Recovery rates,
disease prevalence,
Epidemiological
efficacy of drugs,
aspect
vaccines, and other
forms of medicine
Sample STEM Topics
Sample STEM Topics
Sample
STEM
Topics
Sample STEM Topics
GET ½ YELLOW
PIECE
OF PAPER
CROSSWISE!!!!
List down your strengths and limits in terms of any skill related
to research (i.e. not exactly about research itself, but which can
have even the slightest degree of relationship with research).

How would you further enhance your strengths and broaden

your limits?