CERTIS CENTRE REDEVELOPMENT

Material Technical Data Review Project Number: 263975

C1/C2 Contract Number: 263975-019

To: Lendlease Singapore Pte Ltd Sample

HX-FC-CAL-C1-8423-00-001 (Rev.02)
No.

Trade ARCHITECTURAL

Part 1: Particulars of Sample (to be completed by subcontractor)

Description of C1 – CURTAIN WALL EWS 101/101a/101b/102
Material/Equipment: CALCULATION FOR PMU101/102
Attachments:
Calculation

Remarks/Comments:

Andrea Anibaldi Signature

Received from
(Seiko Wall Pte Ltd) Andrea Date of Submission
Signature 10 August 2023
Prepared and Darshi Ravee
Submitted by (Hexacon Construction Pte Ltd) R. Darshi
Part 2: Lendlease Review Status to Hexacon (to be completed by Lendlease)
Name: Comments: Signature & Date:

 A – Approved  B – Approved With Comments

 C - Review not Required (Issued for Info)  D – Rejected
Parts 2A and 2B are for Lend Lease Internal Workflow
Part 2A: Review Recommendation (to be completed by Consultants)
Name, Company: Comments: Signature & Date:
Consultant 1

 A – Approved  B – Approved With Comments

 C - Review not Required (Issued for Info)  D – Rejected
Name, Company: Comments: Signature & Date:
Consultant 2

 A – Approved  B – Approved With Comments

 C - Review not Required (Issued for Info)  D – Rejected
Part 2B: Review Status (to be completed by Client where deemed required by Lendlease)
Name: Comments: Signature & Date:

 A – Approved  B – Approved With Comments

 C - Review not Required (Issued for Info)  D – Rejected
 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION

FOR

CURTAIN WALL EWS 101/101a/101b/102

CALCULATION FOR PMU101/102

CERTIS CENTRE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

GEYLANG, SINGAPORE

CALCULATION REPORT No.: HX-FC-CAL-8423-001

DOCUMENT VERIFICATIONS
Rev. Date Description Drawing Ref. Prepared by Checked by Approved by
04

03

02

01 12/06/2023 1st issue PMU Drawings TAK CHUMSAK NUM

0
 INDEX SHEET
page no.

INDEX SHEET 1

A. GENERAL NOTES 2

1. 3D PMU CONIGURATION AND LOADS 5

2. GLASS ANALYSIS 6

3. BACK PAN ANALYSIS 15

4. ALUMINIUM FRAME ANALYSIS 19

4.1 ALUM. PROPERTIES AND TYPE OF CURTAIN WALLS 19

4.2 CORNER MALE MULLION CR-23 ANALYSIS 27

4.3 CORNER FEMALE MULLION CR-24 ANALYSIS 33

4.4 MALE MULLION CR-01 ANALYSIS 41

4.5 FEMALE MULLION CR-02 ANALYSIS 45

4.6 HEAD TRANSOM CR-03 ANALYSIS 50

4.7 SILL TRANSOM CR-04 ANALYSIS 61

4.8 INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM CR-06 ANALYSIS 71

4.9 REACTOINS OF CURTAIN WALL 80

4.10 BOLT M12, FIST AND HOOK BRACKET ANALYSIS-TYPICAL BRACKET 81

4.11 FLOOR BRACKET AND BOLT M12 ANALYSIS-TYPICAL BRACKET 87

4.12 BOTTOM SUPPORT ANALYSIS 88

4.13 ALUMINIUM CORNER BRACKET ANALYSIS 89

4.14 TYPICAL ALUMINIUM SUNSHADE BRACKET ANALYSIS 92

PAGE 1-11 TO 11-11

4.15 ALUMINIUM SUN SHADE BRACKET AT CORNER ANALYSIS 93

PAGE 1-10 TO 10-10

APPENDIX A-HX-INH-CAL-C1C2-0002 – wind load analysis (Approved), PAGE AA TO A-12 94
APPENDIX B-Movement joint engineering analysis 95

1
A. GENERAL NOTES

A.1 PROPOSE AND SCOPE

A detailed structural analysis has been carried out on design of the PMU CURTIAN WALL EWS101,
for CERTIS CENTRE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT at GEYLANG, SINGAPORE

A.2. REFERENCES
The major intention codes and standards utilized during preparation of these calculations include:
SS EN 1990 - 2008 Basis of structural design

SS EN 1991 - 1-1 : 2008 Action on Structures Part 1-1 : Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for building

SS EN 1991 - 1-4 : 2009 Action on Structures Part 1-4 : Wind actions

SS EN 1993 - 1-1 : 2010 Design of Steel Structures Part 1-1 : General rules & rules for buildings

SS EN 1992 - 1-1 : 2008 Design of Concrete Structures Part 1-1 : General rules & rules for buildings

BS EN ISO 3506 Mechanical Properties of Corrosion Resistant Stainless Steel Fasteners Part 1: Bolts, Screw and
Studs
AS 1288-2006 Glass in buildings - Selection and installation

AAMA TIR-A9-1991 Metal Curtainwall Fastener, American Architectural Manufacturers Association

BS EN 10088 Stainless Steel

A.3. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Carbon Steel
TensileYield Strength Shear Yield Strength
Steel Grade Young's Modulus (GPa)
(MPa) (MPa)
S275 275 165 200

Aluminium Extrusion
Tensile Yield Strength Shear Yield Strength Bearing Yield Young's Modulus
Aluminium Alloy
(MPa) (MPa) Strength (MPa) (GPa)
3003-H14 110 65 165 70
6063-T5 110 65 179 70
6063-T6 160 95 276 70
6061-T6 240 145 386 70

2
Stainless Steel Machine Screws & Bolts

Thread Diameter Ultimate Tensile

Stainless Steel Grade Yield Strength (MPa)
(mm) Strength (MPa)
A2-70 & A4-70 <M24 700 450

Structural Sealant

Tensile Strength
Structural Sealant Type
(MPa)
Structural Sealant 138

A.4 LOAD DESIGN

A4.1 Dead Loads

Materials Density (kN/m3)
Steel 78.5
Glass 25
Aluminium 27

A4.2 Wind pressures

Actual Wind pressure +1.12 / -1.38 kPa.

3
A4.3 Live Load due to Human Load

- Cladding or any protrusion with dimension grater then 500mm

- Roofs, Canopies, and Skylights with maintenance access only

Live Load LL = 0.75 kPa

Concentrated load PL = 1.1 kN
- Horizontal barrier loads to Metal, Glass Handrails, and walls to all occupied spaces:

1.50kN//m @FFL+1.1m above@ Areas where people may congregate; 3.0kN/m @FFL + 1.1m above @
Areas susceptible for overcrowded;0.75kN/m for private occupancy

A4.4 Load factor

Aluminum Member and Joints

Dead load: γfd.a  1.35

Wind load: γfw.a  1.5

Steel Member and Joints
Dead load: γfd.s  1.35

Wind load: γfw.s  1.5

Material Factor

Aluminum members: γm_al  1.1

Steel members: γm_bt  1.0

A.4 DESIGN CRITERIA

4
1. 3D PMU Configuration and Loads
7325mm

7325mm

From dwg HX-FC-SHD-C1-8423-00-100

The PMU is 2.5-storey high and 5 bays wide, with corner returns as per specification.

Dead load of sunshade=0.3kPa or 30kg/m2

Wind pressure +1.12 / -1.38 kPa.

5
2. Glass analysis

2.1 Vision Glass

IGU 31.52mm (GL01-6mm HS Monolithic Glass +12AS+ 6HS+1.52PVB+6HS Laminated lithic
Glass)
AS 1288-2006 Glass in buildings - Selection and installation

1505mm

2833mm

From dwg HX-FC-SHD-C1-8423-00-100,202&204

Maximum size of vision glass is 2.833m*1.505m.
Setting block check
Area=2.833*1.505*25mm=107mm use 150mm
Dimension of Glass
design wind pressure WL=1.38kPa
glass longer side; a=2833mm.
glass shorter side; b=1510mm
glass thickness - outer lite 6 mm
glass thickness - inter lite 13.52mm Laminated
Refer to Table 4.1
min thickness - outer lite to=5.8mm
min thickness - inter lite ti=11.6mm
glass modulus of elasticity Eglass = 70GPa
Refer to Clause 3.4.2 Insulating glass units (IGU)
Share loading factor - Outer Lite ko=1.25*to3/(to3+ti3)=0.139
Share loading factor - Inner Lite ki=1.25*ti3/(to3+ti3)=1.11

Derivation Load
Load applied on each pane - Outer Lite=1.38*ko=0.20kPa
Load applied on each pane - Inner Lite=1.38*ki=1.60kPa
Point load for human impact at 1.1m height
Refer to Combined Load Case
Load Case 1 : DL + WL
Load Case 2 : DL + PL (Inner lite only)
Load Case 1 : DL + WL+PL(Inner lite only)

6
Check for Stress & Deflection
Refer to Clause 3.3.2 Ultimate design strength
Outer Lite 6 mm HS Monolithic Glass
Capacity reduction factor=0.67
Glass type factor - Table 3.1 c1=1.6 for Heat Strengthened
Surface type factor - Table 3.2 c2=1.0 for Flat Glass
Load duration factor - Table 3.3 c3=1.0 for Short term load duration
Characteristic tensile strength, ft=(-7.88 ln(5.8)+57.07)=43MPa
Nominal capacity - Ultimate design=0.67*1.6*1.0*1.0=46MPa
Limiting deflection=1505/90=16.7mm
Refer to Structural Model Analysis - Strand7

Load Factored - 1.5DL+1.5WL

Actual bending stress=9.4MPa < 46MPa….OK

1505mm

Actual Deflection= 7.4mm < 16.7mm….OK

7
Inner Lite 13.52 mm HS, Laminated Glass
Refer to Clause 3.3.2 Ultimate design strength
Capacity reduction factor =0.67
Glass type factor - Table 3.1 c1=1.6 for Heat Strengthened
Surface type factor - Table 3.2 c2=1.0for Flat Glass
Load duration factor - Table 3.3 c3=1.0 for Short term load duration
Characteristic tensile strength=37MPa
Nominal capacity - Ultimate design=40MPa
Limiting deflection=16.7mm
Refer to Structural Model Analysis - Strand7
Load Factored - 1.5DL+1.5WL

Actual bending stress= 21.3MPa < 40MPa….OK

Actual Deflection=11.5mm < 16.7mm….OK 1505mm

8
Load Factored - 1.2DL+1.6PL

1.1kN

1.1m

Actual bending stress=20.1MPa < 40MPa….OK

Actual Deflection= 6.5mm < 16.7mm….OK 1505mm

9
Load Factored - 1.2DL+1.2WL+1.2PL

Actual bending stress= 30.2MPa < 40MPa….OK

Actual Deflection=13.2mm < 16.7mm….OK 1505mm

10
Check sealant
Basic Data
Short side length of glass panelof largest size=1.505m
Maximum wind suction=1.38kPa
Design thickness of sealant between glass and sub-frame=6.4mm
Design width of sealant between glass and sub-frame=14.5mm,9mm and 13mm
Allowable stress of sealant fs.al  0.138MPa

Width of the sealant

Sealant between Glass Panel and Aluminum Frame Check
The needed width of the sealant=1.38kPa*1.505m/(2*0.138MPa)= 7.6mm < 14.5mm, 9mm and 13mm ….OK

13mm

From dwg HX-FC-SHD-C1-8423-00-302&303

11
1.2 Spandrel glass
IGU 25.52mm (GS01-6mm HS Monolithic Glass +12AS+6mm HS Monolithic Glass)
AS 1288-2006 Glass in buildings - Selection and installation

1367mm

1505mm

From dwg HX-FC-SHD-C1-8423-00-100,202&210

Maximum size of spandrel glass is 1.367m*1.505m
Setting block check
Area=1.367*1.505*25mm=52mm use 150mm

Dimension of Glass
design wind pressure
glass longer side=1.367m
glass shorter side=1.505m
glass thickness - outer lite=6mm
glass thickness - inter lite=6mm
Refer to Table 4.1
min thickness - outer lite=5.8mm
min thickness - inter lite=5.8mm
glass modulus of elasticity Eglass  70GPa
Refer to Clause 3.4.2 Insulating glass units (IGU)
Share loading factor - Outer Lite=1.25*to3/(to3+ti3)=0.625
Share loading factor - Inner Lite=1.25*ti3/(to3+ti3)=0.625

Derivation Load
Load applied on each pane - Outer Lite=1.38*0.625=0.863kPa
Load applied on each pane - Inner Lite=1.38*0.625=0.863kPs
Point load for human impact at 1.1m height
Refer to Combined Load Case
Load Case 1 : DL + WL

Check for Stress & Deflection

Refer to Clause 3.3.2 Ultimate design strength
Outer and inner Lite 6 mm HS Monolithic Glass
Capacity reduction factor
Glass type factor - Table 3.1 c1=1.0 for Heat Strengthened
Surface type factor - Table 3.2 c2=1.0 for Flat Glass
Load duration factor - Table 3.3 c3=1.0 for Short term load duration
Characteristic tensile strength=43MPa
Nominal capacity - Ultimate design=46MPa
Limiting deflection=1367/90=15.1mm

Refer to Structural Model Analysis - Strand7

12
Load Factored - 1.5DL+1.5WL

Actual bending stress= 12.5MPa < 46MPa….OK

1505mm

1367mm

Actual Deflection=9.9mm < 15.1mm….OK

13
Check sealant
Basic Data
Short side length of glass panelof largest size=1.367m
Maximum wind suction=1.38kPa
Design thickness of sealant between glass and sub-frame=6.4mm
Design width of sealant between glass and sub-frame=14.0mm and 10mm
Allowable stress of sealant fs.al  0.138MPa

Width of the sealant

Sealant between Glass Panel and Aluminum Frame Check
The needed width of the sealant=1.38kPa*1.367m/(2*0.138MPa)= 6.9mm < 14.0mm and 10mm ….OK

From dwg HX-FC-SHD-C1-8423-00-300&303

14
3. Back pan analysis

The aluminium panel grade 3003-H14 of size -1370x1275 mm (top panel) -was analyzed by the finite
element software Strand 7 under design wind load +1.12/-1.38 kPa. The panels are 1.5 mm thick and are
fixed at 4 sides to the aluminium framing member by using screw no 4.20F spacing 300mm. The aluminium
stiffeners added at the 425 mm spacing (aluminium c-channel 60x40x3mm ) of the aluminium panel to
reduce the deflection.

Self-weight of the panel is automatically incorporated by the software. The stress induced and
deflection is determined using finite element plate analysis in Strand 7 program. From the nonlinear
analysis, the maximum Von-Mises stress and deflections are:
screw #10 (no. 4.04) =A2-70 spacing 300mm
300mm

300mm
C-Channel 60x40x3mm

C-Channel
60x40x3mm

Structural bite =6mm both sides

15
 C-Channel 425mm
60x40x3mm

1275mm
425mm

425mm

1370mm

Positive
Negative wind=
wind=+1.12kPa
-1.38kPa

max = 50.6 MPa

Factored stress = 1.5*50.6=75.9MPa
lim = 110/1.1 =100 MPa
lim > max…OK

16
max = 9.9 mm
According to specifications:
Limiting deflection lim = 1275/90
= 14.1 mm > max
Since allow = 100 MPa > max = 75.9 MPa and max = 9.9 mm, aluminium panel satisfies both serviceability
and strength criteria.

1275mm

Positive
wind=+1.12kPa

Negative wind=
-1.38kPa
Screw check

Positive
wind=+1.12kPa

Shear capacity of screw #10 (no. 4.04, diameter=4.8mm) =A2-70 spacing 300mm
Effective area=9.8mm2; shear strength=311MPa;
Shear capacity=9.8mm2*311MPa=3kN > 1.5*0.4=0.60kN……OK
Bearing of A2-70=805MPa*1.5*4.8mmmm2=5.7kN > Max. Resultant=1.5*0.4=0.6kN …OK
Bearing on aluminium3003-H14=4.8*1.5mm 2*165MPa/1.1=1.1kN >Max. Resultant=1.5*0.4=0.6kN …OK

17
Verification of aluminium stiffener-Channel 60x40x3mm grade 6063-T5
The alum stiffener grade 6063-T5, which is located at sketch. The alum cladding panel is attached to this
stiffener using structural silicone.
From the non-linear analysis, the maximum stress of the aluminium stiffener (grade 6063-T5) is:

1370mm

Maximum stress, max = 44.8 MPa

Allowable stress, allow =110/1.1=100 MPa
(max / allow) = 1.5*44.8 / 100 = 0.68 < 1.0
Deflection limitation, lim = 1370 / 90 = 15.2 mm
Maximum deflection, max = 3.6 mm < limo.k.

Verification of sealant for the stiffener:

Consider effective width of 1.275/3 = 0.425 m:
Sealant Length, L = 1370mm
Max. Wind Pressure, W = 1.38 kPa
Max. Effective width, E = 0.425 m
Tension force, Ft = 1.37 x 0.425 x 1.38= 0.804 kN

Allowable design tensile stress of silicone without rotation, a= 138 kPa
Total silicon bite, Hmc = 2*6=12mm
Allowable Tension force, Fallow = 138 x 0.012 x 1.37 = 2.269 kN
Utility of silicon capacity,  = 0.804 / 2.269=0.36 < 1.0 o.k.

18
4. Aluminium frames analysis
EN 1999-1-1 : 2000 Eurocode 9 : Design of aluminium structures : Part 1-1 : General rules

4.1 Alum. Properties and types of curtain wall

EN 1991-1-1:2007 Enrocode 9: Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-1 : General structural rules

4.1.1 Aluminium Extrusion - Alloy 6063-T6 for Male & female mullion, head and sill

0.2% Proof Strength fo  160MPa

Modulus of elasticity E  70GPa
Shear Modulus G  27GPa

4.1.2 Aluminium Extrusion - Alloy 6063-T5 for intermediate transom

0.2% Proof Strength fo  110MPa

Modulus of elasticity E  70GPa
Shear Modulus G  27GPa

4.1.3 Aluminium Extrusion - Alloy 6061-T6 for Flat bar (Sunshade bracket), slot bracket,
hook bracket and floor bracket,

0.2% Proof Strength fo  240MPa

Modulus of elasticity E  145GPa
Shear Modulus G  27GPa

4.1.4 Partial Factor

Resistance of cross-section whatever the class γm1  1.1

4.1.5 Slenderness parameter

Class A-Heat treated

19
4.1.6 Local buckling resistance

Class A - Heat Treated

Constants C1 & C2 in expressions for ρc
C1i=32; C2i=220; C1i=10; C2i=24

4.1.7 Types of curtain wall and load combinations

There are 3 types of corner panel, typical curtain wall-without sunshade and with sunshade. Curtain
wall corner and typ. with sunshade, the maximum width=1,505mm. Typical mullion without
sunshade, the maximum width=1,450mm. The computer models are continuous beam which start
from 1st storey to 2.0nd storey, 2.5 floors. The distance between stack joint and centre of bolts fixing
is 145.82mm as per recommendation’s facade consultant. The length of sunshade is 600mm.

Positive wind load on curtain wall = +1.12kPa

Negative wind load on curtain wall = -1.38kPa
Dead load of sunshade=0.3kPa.

Load Case 1 : Dead load

Load Case 2 : Positive wind load +1.12 kPa
Load Case 3 : Negative wind load -1.38 kPa
Load combinations:
Load Case 4 : Dead load + Positive wind load +1.12kPa
Load Case 5 : Dead load + Negative wind load -1.38kPa

Load Combinations are combined to obtain the most onerous condition.

20
 Dead load=3kN

Type 2

Dead load on
sunshade Type 3

Type 1

Load case 1:Dead load

Load case 2: Positive wind +1.12kPa

21
Load case 3: Negative wind -1.38kPa

22
4.1.8 Verification of corner mullions, bending moment and deflection

Male Female

Maximum bending moment Mmax = 3.4 kNm ;

Corner male bending moment, Mm= mMmax = 1.8 kNm

Corner female bending moment, Mf= f Mmax = 1.7 kNm

23
 4.2m

Max. deflection max = 4.2 mm-Typical floor height=4.2m

According to specifications:
Limiting deflection, height4.2m lim = L/240
= 4200/240 or 20mm
= 17.5 mm > max=8.2mm

See buckling check in 4.2&4.3

24
4.1.9 Verification of typical mullion, bending moment and deflection

Male Female

Male inertia Ixx,m = 3.27 x 106 mm4

Female inertia Ixx,f = 2.95 x 106 mm4

Total inertia Ixx = 6.22 x 106 mm4

Proportion carried by male m = Ixx,m / Ixx = 0.52 or 52%
Proportion carried by female f = Ixx,f / Ixx = 0.48 or 48%

Maximum bending moment Mmax = 3.9 kNm ;

Male bending moment, Mm= mMmax = 2.1 kNm

Female bending moment, Mf= f Mmax = 1.9 kNm

25
 4.2m

Max. deflection max = 4.2 mm-Typical floor height=4.2m

According to specifications:
Limiting deflection, height4.2m lim = L/240
= 4200/240 or 20mm
= 17.5 mm > max=14.8mm
See buckling check in 4.4&4.5

26
4.2 Corner male mullion CR-23-analysis

27
28
29
30
31
Factored corner male bending moment,
1.5Mm=1.5*mMmax =1.5*1.8=2.7kNm < MR_min….OK

Effective length without lateral support: L1 := 2833mm

32
 Factored corner male bending moment,
1.5Mm=1.5*mMmax =1.5*1.8=2.7kNm < MLB….OK

Therefore, Aluminium Corner Male Mullion is structurally adequate from Design Load.

4.3 Corner female mullion CR-24-analysis

33
34
35
36
37
Factored corner female bending moment,
1.5Mf=1.5*fMmax =1.5*1.7=2.6kNm < MR_A….OK

38
Factored corner female bending moment,
1.5Mf=1.5*fMmax =1.5*1.7=2.6kNm < MR_min….OK

39
Factored corner female bending moment,
1.5Mf=1.5*fMmax =1.5*1.7=2.6kNm < MLB….OK

Therefore, Aluminium Corner Female Mullion is structurally adequate from Design Load.

40
 4.4 Male mullion CR-01-analysis

Classification and Capacity of Male Mullion

Section properties of Aluminium Extrusion: Moment of inertia, section modulus, plastic section, torsion
constant and warping constant

Section properties of Effective section

41
42
A. Flat outstand with no stress gradient (under uniform compression)

3mm

Moment=40,481.6mm3*160MPa/1.1=5.9kNm

B. Unreinforced Flat Internal Element under Uniform Compression

Moment=42,168.1mm3*160MPa/1.1=6.1kNm

43
 C. Classification of cross-section - Moment Resistance of lateral Torsional Buckling

2833mm

D. Minimum moment resistance

From A, B and C minimum moment resistance

= 5.9kNm > Male bending moment, 1.5*Mm= 1.5*mMmax =1.5*2.1= 3.2 kNm

Utilization=3.2/5.9=0.55 or 55%

44
 4.5 Female mullion, CR-02 analysis

Classification and Capacity of Female Mullion

Section properties of Aluminium Extrusion: Moment of inertia, section modulus, plastic section, torsion
constant and warping constant

45
Section properties of Effective section

46
A. Flat outstand with no stress gradient (under uniform compression)

Moment=35,326mm3*160MPa/1.1=5.1kNm

47
B. Unreinforced Flat Internal Element under Uniform Compression

Moment=37,478mm3*160MPa/1.1=5.5kNm

48
 C. Classification of cross-section - Moment Resistance of lateral Torsional Buckling

2833mm

D. Minimum moment resistance

From A, B and C minimum moment resistance

= 5.1kNm > female bending moment, 1.5*Mf= 1.5*fMmax = 1.5*1.9= 2.9 kNm

Utilization=2.9/5.1=0.56 or 56%

49
4.6 Head transom, CR-03 analysis

4.6.1 Bending and deflection check

Classification and Capacity of head transom

Section properties of Aluminium Extrusion: Moment of inertia, section modulus, plastic section, torsion
constant and warping constant

50
Section properties of Effective section

51
A. Flat outstand with no stress gradient (under uniform compression)

Moment=54,034mm3*160MPa/1.1=7.9kNm

52
B. Unreinforced Flat Internal Element under Uniform Compression

Moment=60,491mm3*160MPa/1.1=8.8kNm

53
C. Unreinforced Flat Internal Element under Stress Gradient

Moment=60,491mm3*160MPa/1.1=8.8kNm

54
D. Unreinforced Flat Outstand Element under Stress Gradient

Moment=54,034mm3*160MPa/1.1=7.9kNm

55
E. Classification of cross-section - Moment Resistance of lateral Torsional Buckling

1505mm

F. Minimum moment resistance

From A, B, C ,D and E, minimum moment resistance = 7.8kNm

56
 G. Analysis of bending moment and defection

Head inertia Ixx,h = 7.3 x 106 mm4

Sill inertia Ixx,s = 8.6 x 106 mm4

Total inertia Ixx = 15.9 x 106 mm4

Proportion carried by head h = Ixx,h / Ixx = 0.45 or 45%
Proportion carried by sill s = Ixx,s / Ixx = 0.55 or 55%

2833mm

1367mm

1505mm

Factored bending moment=0.45*1.5*0.4=0.3kNm < minimum moment resistance = 7.8kNm

Utilization=0.3/7.8=0.04 or 4%

57
 1505mm

Max. deflection maxtop = 1.0 mm

According to specifications:
Limiting deflection lim = L/240
= 1505/240 or 20mm
= 6.2 mm > max=1.0mm

58
4.6.2 Local stress check at the leg of head

The local stress check at head leg for wind load at the stack joint

Stress=1.5*4.2kN*61.5mm/(1510*42/6)= 97MPa < 160/1.1=145MPa…OK

4.2kN

61.5mm

4.6.3 Head connection fixing

Shear=0.8kN
Shear force diagram of head

59
 4.3kN

NO.2 NO.4

NO.3
Shear=2*0.8=1.6kN

NO.1
NO.5

Hor 1 Vertical Hor 2 Hor 1+2

Screw #12(diameter=5.5mm), Stainless steel Grade A2-70
Area= 13.8mm2; Shear strength=311MPa;
Shear capacity (Both sides)=2*311MPa*13.8mm2= 8.5kN > Max. Resultant= 1.5*2.32=3.5kN…OK

Bearing of A2-70=805MPa*3*5.5mm2=13.2kN > Max. Resultant=1.5*2.32=3.5kN …OK

Bearing on aluminium 6063-T6=5.5*3mm2*276MPa/1.1=4.1kN > Max. Resultant=1.5*2.32=3.5kN …OK

60
4.7 Sill transom, CR-04 analysis

4.7.1 Bending and deflection check

Dead load of glass=18mm*1.51*2.83m2*25kN/m3=2kN

Therefore, load on each setting block, span(378mm) /4=1kN

Classification and Capacity of sill transom

Section properties of Aluminium Extrusion: Moment of inertia, section modulus, plastic section, torsion
constant and warping constant

61
Section properties of Effective section

62
A. Flat outstand with no stress gradient (under uniform compression)

Moment=65,248mm3*160MPa/1.1=9.5kNm

63
B. Unreinforced Flat Internal Element under Uniform Compression

Moment=65,765mm3*160MPa/1.1=9.6kNm

64
 C. Unreinforced Flat Outstand Element under Stress Gradient

Moment=65,765mm3*160MPa/1.1=9.6kNm

65
D. Unreinforced Flat Internal Element under Stress Gradient

Moment=65,765mm3*160MPa/1.1=9.6kNm

66
 E. Classification of cross-section - Moment Resistance of lateral Torsional Buckling

1505mm

F. Minimum moment resistance

From A, B, C, D and E minimum moment resistance = 9.5kNm

67
 G. Load of bending moment and defection

2833mm

1367mm

Factored bending moment=0.55*1.5*0.4=0.4kNm < minimum moment resistance = 9.5kNm

Factored bending moment=1.35*0.4=0.3kNm < minimum moment resistance = 5.4kNm
Utilization=0.4/9.5+0.3/5.4=0.10 or 10%

1505mm

Max. deflection maxtop = 1.0 mm

According to specifications:
Limiting deflection lim = L/240
= 1505/240 or 20mm
= 6.2 mm > max=1.0mm

68
4.7.2 Local stress check at the leg of sill

22mm
2kN

The local stress check at sill leg for dead load

Dead load of glass=2kN
Stress=1.35*2kN*22mm/(1505*3.02/6)=27MPa < 160/1.1=145MPa…OK
From dwg HX-FC-SHD-C1-8401-00-303

4.7.3 Sill connection fixing

Shear=0.8kN NO.2 NO.3

2kN

2*0.8=1.6kN
NO.4

NO.1

69
Screw #12(diameter=5.5mm), Stainless steel Grade A2-70
Area= 13.8mm2; Shear strength=311MPa;
Shear capacity (Both sides)=2*311MPa*13.8mm2= 8.5kN > Max. Resultant= 1.5*1.43=2.2kN…OK

Bearing of A2-70=805MPa*3*5.5mm2=13.2kN > Max. Resultant=1.5*1.43=2.2kN …OK

Bearing on aluminium 6063-T6=5.5*3mm2*276MPa/1.1=4.1kN > Max. Resultant=1.5*1.43=2.2kN …OK

70
4.8 Intermediate transom, CR-06 analysis

4.8.1 Bending and deflection check

Classification and Capacity of intermediate transom

Section properties of Aluminium Extrusion: Moment of inertia, section modulus, plastic section, torsion
constant and warping constant

71
72
A. Unreinforced Flat Internal Element under Uniform Compression

Moment=65,728mm3*10MPa/1.1=6.6kNm

73
B. Unreinforced Flat Internal Element under Stress Gradient

Moment=65,728mm3*10MPa/1.1=6.6kNm

74
C. Unreinforced Flat Outstand Element under Stress Gradient

Moment=65,728mm3*10MPa/1.1=6.6kNm

75
D. Classification of cross-section - Moment Resistance of lateral Torsional Buckling

1505mm

E. Minimum moment resistance

From A, B, C and D minimum moment resistance = 6.6kNm

76
 F. Analysis of bending moment and defection

Dead load of glass=12mm*1.51*1.85*25kN/m3=1kN

1367mm

2833mm
1505mm

Factored bending moment=1.5*0.4=0.6kNm < minimum moment resistance = 6.6kNm

Factored bending moment=1.35*0.2=0.3kNm < minimum moment resistance = 3.9kNm
Utilization=0.6/6.6+0.3/3.9=0.17 or 17%

1505mm

Max. deflection maxtop = 0.5 mm

According to specifications:
Limiting deflection lim = L/240
= 1505/240 or 20mm
= 6.2 mm > max=0.5mm

77
4.8.2 Intermediate transom connection fixing

Horizontal shear=0.8kN
Vertical shear=0.6kN or total load=0.6*2=1.2kN

1.2kN
No.2 No.3

2*0.8=1.6kN
No.1

No.4

78
Screw #12(diameter=5.5mm), Stainless steel Grade A2-70
Area= 13.8mm2; Shear strength=111MPa;
Shear capacity (Both sides)=2*111MPa*13.8mm2=8.5kN > Max. Resultant= 1.5*0.96=1.5kN…OK

Bearing of A2-70=805MPa*3*5.5mm2=13.2kN > Max. Resultant=1.5*0.96=1.5kN…OK

Bearing on aluminium 6063-T6=5.5*3mm2*276MPa/1.1=4.1kN > Max. Resultant=1.5*0.96=1.5kN …OK

79
4.9 Reactions of Curtain wall

Typical bracket
Corner bracket

4.9.1 Typical bracket

Load case 5: Dead load +Negative wind load

Dead load=3kN+0.493kN=3.5kN

Horizontal wind load=8767.3N or 8.8kN

In plane load=0.3kN

4.9.2 Corner bracket

Load case 5: Dead load +Negative wind load

Dead load=3kN+0.5167kN=3.5kN

Horizontal wind load=4836.3N or 4.9kN

80
4.10 Bolt M12, fist and hook bracket analysis-Typical bracket

4.10.1 4 M12 x 35, Stainless steel Grade A4-70

From dwg HX-FC-SHD-C1-8423-00-300&302

Factored horizontal load =1.5*8.8=13.2kN
Factored vertical load =1.35*3.5=4.8kN

Bolt 4*M12 x 35mm

Area= 84.3mm2; Shear strength=311MPa;
Shear capacity=4*311MPa*84.3mm2= 4*26.2=104kN >(13.22+4.82)0.5=15kN…OK

Bearing on aluminium 6063-T6=4*12*3mm2*276MPa/1.1=36kN > Max. Resultant=15kN …OK

13.2kN

13.2kN

4.8kN

81
 4.10.2 Fist bracket, CR-20

Used 2 nos x aluminium alloy 6061-T6 for slot bracket

Limiting bending stress ρo  240 MPa
Limiting shearing stress ρv  145 MPa

Factored horizontal load =1.5*8.8=13.2kN

Factored vertical load =1.35*3.5=4.8kN

92mm

75mm

160mm
Dead load=0.5*4.8kN Wind load=0.5*13.2kN

82
Results of analysis

Factored load:
1.35DL+1.5WL(Negative)

Max.Stress=76.94MPa < 240/1.1=218MPa…OK

Max. deformation =0.04mm < 1.0mm….OK

83
 4.10.3 Hook bracket, CR-21

Used 2 nos x aluminium alloy 6061-T6 for Hook bracket

Limiting bending stress ρo  240 MPa
Limiting shearing stress ρv  145 MPa

Factored horizontal load =1.5*8.8=13.2kN

Factored vertical load =1.35*3.5=4.8kN

84
 Notch 50mm

Dead load
=0.5*4.8kN

Wind load
=0.5*13.2kN

85
Results of analysis

Factored Load:
1.35DL+1.5WL(Negative)

Max. Stress=168.1MPa < 240/1.1=218MPa…OK

Max. deformation =0.1mm < 1.0mm….OK

86
4.11 Floor bracket and bolt M12 grade A4-70 analysis-typical bracket

Design loads
Factored horizontal load =1.5*8.8=13.2kN
Factored vertical load =1.35*3.5=4.8kN

From dwg HX-FC-SHD-C1-8423-00-202&300

13.2kN

35mm

4.8kN

100mm All dimensions are worst case scenario

18+25=43mm

13.2kN
0.4kN

Auminium bracket
Limiting bending stress ρo  240 MPa-Grade 6061-T6 
Limiting shearing stress ρv  145 MPa

Bending stress=(13.2kN*35mm+4.8kN*43mm)/((250-28)*122/6)=126MPa < 240/1.1=218MPa…OK

Shear stress=13.2kN/(0.8*12*250)=6MPa < 0.6*145/1.1=79MPa…OK

Bolt 2*M12 x 35mm Grade, A2-70

Area= 84.3mm2; Shear strength=311MPa; tensile strength=374MPa;
Shear capacity=2*311MPa*84.3mm2= 2*26.2=52.4kN > 13.2kN…OK
Additional shear=0.4kN*143/134=0.5kN
Total shear=13.2+0.5=13.7kN < 26.2kN…OK
Tension capacity=2*374MPa*84.3mm2= 2*31.5=63kN > (13.2kN*35mm+4.8kN*43mm )/100mm
=6.7kN…OK
Combined: 13.7/52.4+6.7/63=0.37 < 1.0 …OK

87
4.12 Bottom support analysis

1.2kN

Design loads (Wind load only)

Factored horizontal load =1.5*0.8=1.2kN

From dwg HX-FC-SHD-C1-8423-00-302

Screw #14 stainless steel spacing 300mm, grade A2-70

Total screw=1450/300=4 nos
Area= 6.4mm2; Shear strength=111MPa;
Shear capacity=4*311MPa*6.4mm2=7.9kN > 1.2kN…OK

Bearing on aluminium 6063-T6=4*6.4*3mm2*276MPa/1.1=19kN > Factored load=1.2kN …OK

88
4.13 Aluminium corner brackets analysis

From dwg HX-FC-SHD-C1-8423-00-210&303

Factored horizontal load =1.5*4.9 =7.4kN
Factored vertical load =1.35*0.5*3.5 =2.4kN

7.4kN
35mm

2.4kN

100mm All dimensions are worst case scenario

18+25=43mm

147mm

247mm

7.4kN

Auminium bracket-Grade 6061-T6 

Limiting bending stress ρo  240 MPa
Limiting shearing stress ρv  145 MPa

Bending stress=(7.4kN*35mm+2.4kN*43mm)/((304-28)*122/6)=55MPa < 240/1.1=218MPa…OK

Shear stress=7.4kN/(0.8*12*304)=3MPa < 0.6*145/1.1=79MPa…OK

89
 M10 S/S A4-70

7.4kN

M10 S/S A4-70

Bolt 2*M10x 35mm-grade A4-70

Area= 58mm2; Shear strength=311MPa; tensile strength=374MPa;
Shear capacity=2*311MPa*58mm2=2*18 =36kN > (7.42+2.42)0.5=7.8kN…OK

Bearing on aluminium 6063-T6=2*10*3mm2*276MPa/1.1=15kN > Factored load=7.8kN …OK

Punching shear capacity=0.6*160MPa*2*3.14*10mm*3mm/1.1=16kN > 0.7*7.4=5.2kN…OK

90
From dwg HX-FC-SHD-C1-8423-00-210&303

Fist bracket and hook bracket will not be checked in this submittal.

Hook bracket

Fist bracket

91
4.14 Typical aluminium sunshade bracket analysis

92
Typical Aluminium Sun Shade Brackets analysis
EN 1999-1-1 : 2000 Eurocode 9 : Design of aluminium structures : Part 1-1 : General rules

Aluminium Properties
EN 1991-1-1:2007 Enrocode 9: Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-1 : General structural rules

1. Aluminium Extrusion - Alloy 6063-T6 for Male & female mullion, head and sill

0.2% Proof Strength : fo_T6 := 160  MPa

Shear Yield Strength: Fsy_T6 := 96  MPa

Modulus of Elasticity of Aluminium: Ealum := 70  GPa

Shear Modulus: G := 27  GPa

2. Aluminium Extrusion - Alloy 6063-T5 for intermediate transom

0.2% Proof Strength : fo_T5 := 110  MPa

Shear Yield Strength: Fsy_T5 := 62  MPa

Modulus of Elasticity of Aluminium: Ealum = 70  GPa

Shear Modulus: G = 27  GPa

3. Aluminium Extrusion - Alloy 6061-T6 for Bracket

0.2% Proof Strength : fo_T1 := 240  MPa

Shear Yield Strength: Fsy_T1 := 145  MPa

Modulus of Elasticity of Aluminium: Ealum = 70  GPa

Shear Modulus: G = 27  GPa

4. Partial Factor

Resistance of cross-section whatever the class: γm1 := 1.1

Partial Materail Factor - Aluminium: γm_al := 1.1

Partial Materail Factor - Stainless Bolt: γm_bt := 1.0

Partial Load Factor for Dead load, αd : αd := 1.4

Partial Load Factor for Wind load, αw: αw := 1.4

Partial Load Factor for Live Lateral Load, αL: αL := 1.4

•••• 1 ••• 11
Porperties of Sun Shade Profile
Aluminium profile no.1

2
Aal_p1 := 561.7mm

2
Aal_p2 := 994.9mm

•••• 2 ••• 11
 2
Aal_p3 := 1161.1mm

2
Aal_p4 := 514.4mm

•••• 3 ••• 11
 Load Case :

Load Case - 1:

Using Point Load on top of the Sun Shade (Lateral Load): LL := 1.5KN

Load Case - 2:

Using Uniform Wind Load (Lateral Load - Worst Case): WL := 1.38KPa

A B
FLL

FDL_P1 FDL_P4

FDL_P2 A
FDL_P3 B
FWL_1 FWL_2

•••• 4 ••• 11
A.) Check Aluminum at Section A-A :
Using 4.5mm Thk. Alumin ium Plate Grade 6061-T6 for End Plate of Sun Shade :

Thickness of Plate: ta1 := 4.5  mm Length of Sun Shade: La := 1500  mm

Width of Plate: wa := 71.5mm KN

Density of aluminium: ρalum = 27
3
m

A
FLL

FDL_P1

FDL_P2 A
FWL_1 FWL_2
Design Load :

Dead Load of Profile No.1: FDL_P1 := Aal_p1  La  ρalum FDL_P1 = 0.023  KN

Dead Load of Profile No.2: FDL_P2 := Aal_p2  La  ρalum FDL_P2 = 0.04  KN

Wind Load: FWL_1a := WL  La  252 mm FWL_1a = 0.522  KN

FWL_2a := WL  La  73mm FWL_2a = 0.151  KN

Increase Total Dead Load by 10% to Include Other Accessories Weight and Misc. Items:

Moment due to Dead Load:

Mx.actA_DL := ( FDL_P1  198mm) + ( FDL_P2  230mm)  1.1 Mx.actA_DL = 0.015  KN  m

Moment due to Live Load:

Mx.actA_LL := ( LL  325 mm) Mx.actA_LL = 0.488  KN  m

Moment due to Wind Load:

( ) (
Mx.actA_WL := FWL_1a  199mm + FWL_2a  36.5mm ) Mx.actA_WL = 0.109  KN  m

•••• 5 ••• 11
Combination Factored Load Case:

Case - 1: 1.35xDL + 1.4xLL:

( ) (
Mx.actA_1 := 1.35  Mx.actA_DL + 1.4  Mx.actA_LL ) Mx.actA_1 = 0.703  KN  m

Case - 2: 1.35xDL + 1.4xWL:

( ) (
Mx.actA_2 := 1.35  Mx.actA_DL + 1.4  Mx.actA_WL ) Mx.actA_2 = 0.174  KN  m

Actual Bending Moment at Section A-A;

(
Mx.actA := max Mx.actA_1 , Mx.actA_2 )
Mx.actA = 0.703  KN  m

A.1)Check Bending Stress at Section A-A :

Actual Bending Moment at Section A-A;

Mx.actA = 0.703  KN  m

( )
6 Mx.actA
Actual Bending Stress : fbx_A := fbx_A = 183.34  MPa
(ta1)  (wa)2
fo_T1
Fb_cap.6061T6 := Fb_cap.6061T6 = 218.18  MPa
Factored Bending Stress Capacity: γm_al

fbx_A fbx_A
Ratio of Actual to Factored = 0.84 < 1.0 = 1  ( OK)
Bending stresses: Fb_cap.6061T6 Fb_cap.6061T6

•••• 6 ••• 11
 B.) Check Aluminum at Section B-B :
Using 6.35mm Thk. Alu miniu m Plate Grade 6061-T6 for Aluminium Bracket of Sun Shade :

Thickness of Plate: tb := 6.35  mm Length of Sun Shade: La = 1500  mm

Width of Plate: wb := 81mm KN

Density of aluminium: ρalum = 27
3
m

B
FLL

FDL_P1 FDL_P4

FDL_P2 FDL_P3 B
FWL_1 FWL_2

Design Load :
Dead Load of Profile No.1: FDL_P1 = Aal_p1  La  ρalum FDL_P1 = 0.023  KN

Dead Load of Profile No.2: FDL_P2 = Aal_p2  La  ρalum FDL_P2 = 0.04  KN

Dead Load of Profile No.3: FDL_P3 := Aal_p3  La  ρalum FDL_P3 = 0.047  KN

Dead Load of Profile No.4: FDL_P4 := Aal_p4  La  ρalum FDL_P4 = 0.021  KN

Wind Load: FWL_1 := WL  La  252mm FWL_1 = 0.522  KN

FWL_2 := WL  La  248.5mm FWL_2 = 0.514  KN

Increase Total Dead Load by 10% to Include Other Accessories Weight and Misc. Items:

Moment due to Dead Load:

Mx.actB_DL := ( FDL_P1  473.5mm) + ( FDL_P2  505.5mm) + ( FDL_P3  222.5mm) + ( FDL_P4  220.5mm)  1.1

Mx.actB_DL = 0.051  KN  m

Moment due to Live Load:

Mx.actB_LL := ( LL  600.5mm) Mx.actB_LL = 0.901  KN  m

Moment due to Wind Load:

Mx.actB_WL := ( FWL_1  474.5mm) + ( FWL_2  224.5mm) Mx.actB_WL = 0.363  KN  m

•••• 7 ••• 11
Combination Factored Load Case:

Case - 1: 1.35xDL + 1.4xLL:

( ) (
Mx.actB_1 := 1.35  Mx.actB_DL + 1.4  Mx.actB_LL ) Mx.actB_1 = 1.33  KN  m

Case - 2: 1.35xDL + 1.4xWL:

( ) (
Mx.actB_2 := 1.35  Mx.actB_DL + 1.4  Mx.actB_WL ) Mx.actB_2 = 0.577  KN  m

Actual Bending Moment at Section B-B;

(
Mx.actB := max Mx.actB_1 , Mx.actB_2 )
Mx.actB = 1.33  KN  m

B.1)Check Bending Stress at Section B-B :

Actual Bending Moment at Section B-B;

For conservative above design load

Mx.actB = 1.33  KN  m
calculation : using full wind load in
combined load case therefore use this
in the design.

(
6 Mx.actB )
Actual Bending Stress : fbx_B := fbx_B = 191.49  MPa
(tb)  (wb) 2

fo_T1
Fb_cap.6061T6 = Fb_cap.6061T6 = 218.18  MPa
Factored Bending Stress Capacity: γm_al

fbx_B fbx_B
Ratio of Actual to Factored = 0.878 < 1.0 = 1  ( OK)
Bending stresses: Fb_cap.6061T6 Fb_cap.6061T6

•••• 8 ••• 11
 Checked for Bracketa Screw, 5 nos x M6 S/S Grade A4/70

Diameter of Bolt: d6 := 6mm

Pitch dimension: Pp_m6 := 1mm

π
Tensile Stress Area: As_6 :=
4
(
 d6 - 0.9382P p_m6 )2 (Clause 1.7 AS 1275-1985)
2
As_6 = 20.1  mm
PntA4 := 700MPa
Nominal Tensile Strength of Grade A4/70:
PtbA4 := 450MPa
Design Tensile Strength of Grade A4/70:
(
0.9  PntA4  As_6 )
Factored Tensile Load Capacity: Ptb_cap_bA := Ptb_cap_bA = 12.678  KN
γm_bt

PtbA4  ( As_6)
Factored Shear Load Capacity: Psb_cap_bA := Psb_cap_bA = 9.055  KN
γm_bt

FLL

FDL_P1 FDL_P4

FDL_P2 FDL_P3

•••• 9 ••• 11
Table of Calculate shear forces of each screw

2
Bolt Modulus, Σ(x2+y2), Bmol: BmolA := 6521.25mm

Maximum Shear Load on Screw: Vact_screw := 8.141KN

Factored Shear Load Capacity: Psb_cap_bA = 9.055  KN

Psb_cap_bA > V act_screw = 1  ( OK)

Vact_screw Vact_screw
Ratio of Actual to Factored Shear Load: = 0.899 < 1.0 = 1  ( OK)
Psb_cap_bA Psb_cap_bA

•••• 10 ••• 11
 Bearing Capacity Check: (Clause 6.4.4 BS 8118-1991)

Limiting Bearing Stress - Steel S275 fbr_s275 := 275MPa

pa := fbr_s275

(na  ca  da  ta  pa)
Bearing Capacity of connected ply; BRP =
γm_al

Factored Shear Force Va := Vact_screw

Va = 8.141  KN

Thickness of Connected Part ta := 5mm

Diameter of Screw: da := 6mm

Material Factor: γm_al = 1.1

No. of contact surface; na := 1

When: Ratio ; da
ca. := return "2" if < 10
ta

20t a da
return if 10 < < 13
da ta

da
return "1.5" if > 13
ta

:= 2
cVaact_s

(na  ca  da  ta  pa)
Bearing Capacity of connected ply; BRP :=
γm_al

BRP = 15  KN

Va
Bearing Load Ratio; = 0.543
BRP

Va
< 1.0 = 1  ( OK)
BRP

Therefore : Using 5 Nos.(5Nos. Each Side of Mullion Bracket) M6x15mm CSK. Machine Screw
Grade A4-70 as detailed above is structurally adequate.

•••• 11 ••• 11
4.15 Aluminium sunshade bracket at corner analysis

93
Porperties of Sun Shade Profile
Aluminium profile no.1

2
Aal_p1 := 561.7mm

2
Aal_p2 := 994.9mm

•••• 1 ••• 10
 2
Aal_p3 := 1161.1mm

2
Aal_p4 := 514.4mm

•••• 2 ••• 10
 Load Case :

Load Case - 1:

Using Point Load on top of the Sun Shade (Lateral Load): LL := 1.5KN

Load Case - 2:

Using Uniform Wind Load (Lateral Load - Worst Case): WL := 1.38KPa

A B
FLL

FDL_P4
FDL_P1

FDL_P2 A
FDL_P3 B
FWL_1 FWL_2

•••• 3 ••• 10
A.) Check Aluminum at Section A-A :
Using 4.5mm Thk. Alumin ium Plate Grade 6061-T6 for End Plate of Sun Shade :

Thickness of Plate: ta1 := 4.5  mm Length of Sun Shade: La := 1500  mm

Width of Plate: wa := 70.5mm KN

Density of aluminium: ρalum = 27
3
m

A
FLL

FDL_P1

FDL_P2 A
FWL_1
Design Load :

Dead Load of Profile No.1: FDL_P1 := Aal_p1  La  ρalum FDL_P1 = 0.023  KN

Dead Load of Profile No.2: FDL_P2 := Aal_p2  La  ρalum FDL_P2 = 0.04  KN

Wind Load: FWL_1 := WL  La  252mm FWL_1 = 0.522  KN

Increase Total Dead Load by 10% to Include Other Accessories Weight and Misc. Items:

Moment due to Dead Load:

Mx.actA_DL := ( FDL_P1  145.5mm) + ( FDL_P2  191mm)  1.1 Mx.actA_DL = 0.012  KN  m

Moment due to Live Load:

Mx.actA_LL := ( LL  325 mm) Mx.actA_LL = 0.488  KN  m

Moment due to Wind Load:

(
Mx.actA_WL := FWL_1  146.5mm ) Mx.actA_WL = 0.076  KN  m

•••• 4 ••• 10
Combination Factored Load Case:

Case - 1: 1.35xDL + 1.4xLL:

( ) (
Mx.actA_1 := 1.35  Mx.actA_DL + 1.4  Mx.actA_LL ) Mx.actA_1 = 0.699  KN  m

Case - 2: 1.35xDL + 1.4xWL:

( ) (
Mx.actA_2 := 1.35  Mx.actA_DL + 1.4  Mx.actA_WL ) Mx.actA_2 = 0.123  KN  m

Actual Bending Moment at Section A-A;

(
Mx.actA := max Mx.actA_1 , Mx.actA_2 )
Mx.actA = 0.699  KN  m

A.1)Check Bending Stress at Section A-A :

Actual Bending Moment at Section A-A;

Mx.actA = 0.699  KN  m

( )
6 Mx.actA
Actual Bending Stress : fbx_A := fbx_A = 187.47  MPa
(ta1)  (wa)2
fo_T1
Fb_cap.6061T6 := Fb_cap.6061T6 = 218.18  MPa
Factored Bending Stress Capacity: γm_al

fbx_A fbx_A
Ratio of Actual to Factored = 0.859 < 1.0 = 1  ( OK)
Bending stresses: Fb_cap.6061T6 Fb_cap.6061T6

•••• 5 ••• 10
 B.) Check Aluminum at Section B-B :
Using 9.35mm Thk. Alu miniu m Plate Grade 6061-T6 for Aluminium Bracket of Sun Shade :

Thickness of Plate: tb := 9.35  mm Length of Sun Shade: La = 1500  mm

Width of Plate: wb := 81mm KN

Density of aluminium: ρalum = 27
3
m

B
FLL

FDL_P4
FDL_P1

FDL_P2 FDL_P3 B
FWL_1 FWL_2

Design Load :
Dead Load of Profile No.1: FDL_P1 = Aal_p1  La  ρalum FDL_P1 = 0.023  KN

Dead Load of Profile No.2: FDL_P2 = Aal_p2  La  ρalum FDL_P2 = 0.04  KN

Dead Load of Profile No.3: FDL_P3 := Aal_p3  La  ρalum FDL_P3 = 0.047  KN

Dead Load of Profile No.4: FDL_P4 := Aal_p4  La  ρalum FDL_P4 = 0.021  KN

Wind Load: FWL_1 = WL  La  252mm FWL_1 = 0.522  KN

FWL_2 := WL  La  248.5mm FWL_2 = 0.514  KN

Increase Total Dead Load by 10% to Include Other Accessories Weight and Misc. Items:

Moment due to Dead Load:

Mx.actB_DL := FDL_P1  ( 670mm) + FDL_P2  ( 715mm) + FDL_P3  ( 315mm) + FDL_P4  ( 312mm)  1.1

Mx.actB_DL = 0.072  KN  m

Moment due to Live Load:

Mx.actB_LL := ( LL  849 mm) Mx.actB_LL = 1.274  KN  m

Moment due to Wind Load:

Mx.actB_WL := FWL_1  ( 671mm) + FWL_2  ( 317mm) Mx.actB_WL = 0.513  KN  m

•••• 6 ••• 10
Combination Factored Load Case:

Case - 1: 1.35xDL + 1.4xLL:

( ) (
Mx.actB_1 := 1.35  Mx.actB_DL + 1.4  Mx.actB_LL ) Mx.actB_1 = 1.88  KN  m

Case - 2: 1.35xDL + 1.4xWL:

( ) (
Mx.actB_2 := 1.35  Mx.actB_DL + 1.4  Mx.actB_WL ) Mx.actB_2 = 0.815  KN  m

Actual Bending Moment at Section B-B;

(
Mx.actB := max Mx.actB_1 , Mx.actB_2 )
Mx.actB = 1.88  KN  m

B.1)Check Bending Stress at Section B-B :

Actual Bending Moment at Section B-B;

For conservative above design load

Mx.actB = 1.88  KN  m
calculation : using full wind load in
combined load case therefore use this
in the design.

(
6 Mx.actB )
Actual Bending Stress : fbx_B := fbx_B = 183.87  MPa
(tb)  (wb) 2

fo_T1
Fb_cap.6061T6 = Fb_cap.6061T6 = 218.18  MPa
Factored Bending Stress Capacity: γm_al

fbx_B fbx_B
Ratio of Actual to Factored = 0.843 < 1.0 = 1  ( OK)
Bending stresses: Fb_cap.6061T6 Fb_cap.6061T6

•••• 7 ••• 10
 Checked for Bracketa Screw, 5 nos x M8 S/S Grade A4/70

Diameter of Bolt: d8 := 8mm

Pitch dimension: Pp_m8 := 1.25mm

π
Tensile Stress Area: As_8 :=
4
(
 d8 - 0.9382P p_m8 )2 (Clause 1.7 AS 1275-1985)
2
As_8 = 36.6  mm
PntA4 := 700MPa
Nominal Tensile Strength of Grade A4/70:
PtbA4 := 450MPa
Design Tensile Strength of Grade A4/70:
( )
0.9  PntA4  As_8 
Factored Tensile Load Capacity: Ptb_cap_bA := Ptb_cap_bA = 23.063  KN
γm_bt

PtbA4  ( As_8)
Factored Shear Load Capacity: Psb_cap_bA := Psb_cap_bA = 16.474  KN
γm_bt

FLL

FDL_P4
FDL_P1

FDL_P2 FDL_P3

•••• 8 ••• 10
Table of Calculate shear forces of each screw

2
Bolt Modulus, Σ(x2+y2), Bmol: BmolA := 6521.25mm

Maximum Shear Load on Screw: Vact_screw := 11.516KN

Factored Shear Load Capacity: Psb_cap_bA = 16.474  KN

Psb_cap_bA > V act_screw = 1  ( OK)

Vact_screw Vact_screw
Ratio of Actual to Factored Shear Load: = 0.699 < 1.0 = 1  ( OK)
Psb_cap_bA Psb_cap_bA

•••• 9 ••• 10
 Bearing Capacity Check: (Clause 6.4.4 BS 8118-1991)

Limiting Bearing Stress - Steel S275 fbr_s275 := 275MPa

pa := fbr_s275

(na  ca  da  ta  pa)
Bearing Capacity of connected ply; BRP =
γm_st

Factored Shear Force Va := Vact_screw

Va = 11.516  KN

Thickness of Connected Part ta := 5mm

Diameter of Screw: da := 8mm

Material Factor: γm_al = 1.1

No. of contact surface; na := 1

When: Ratio ; da
ca. := return "2" if < 10
ta

20t a da
return if 10 < < 13
da ta

da
return "1.5" if > 13
ta

:= 2
cVaact_s

(na  ca  da  ta  pa)
Bearing Capacity of connected ply; BRP :=
γm_st

BRP = 22.08  KN

Va
Bearing Load Ratio; = 0.522
BRP

Va
< 1.0 = 1  ( OK)
BRP

Therefore : Using 5 Nos.(5Nos. Each Side of Mullion Bracket) M8x15mm CSK. Machine Screw
Grade A4-70 as detailed above is structurally adequate.

•••• 10 ••• 10
APPENDIX A
HX-INH-CAL-C1C2-0002 – wind load analysis (Approved), PAGE AA TO A-12

94
PROPOSED ERECTION OF A NEW 12-STOREY OFFICE BUILDING AND ADDITIONS AND
ALTERATIONS TO EXISTING 8-STOREY OFFICE BUILDING, INVOLVING 2 NOS OF DRAINAGE
RESERVE ON LOT 07099M, 06353P(PT), 05739N (PT) AND 06354T(PT) MK23 AT 20
JALAN AFIFI (GEYLANG PLANNING AREA)

Calculation Report for Wind load Analysis for C1 Tower,

Preliminary Check

Document No: HX-INH-CAL-C1C2-0002

09/03/2023.

Prepared By: Reviewed By: Approved By:

Jeffrey- Seiko Seto S. Thanan & Arren Khaw

AA
PROJECT TITLE:
Certis Centre Redevelopment

STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
FOR
Wind load

CONTENT ............................................................................................................ PAGE

1. Design Information and Criteria .................................................................................... 1

2. Summary for Wind Load ............................................................................................... 4
3. Level 1~4 (ZONE 3) ...................................................................................................... 7
4. Level 4~12 (ZONE 2) .................................................................................................... 9
5. Level 12~Roof (ZONE 1).............................................................................................11

OWNER: RBC Investor Services Trust Singapore Limited

ARCHITECT: DP Architects Pte Ltd
CONTRACTOR: Hexacon Construction Pte Ltd
CURTAINWALL SPECIALIST: SEIKOWALL PTE.LTD.

Date: 17-Jan.-2023

Revision: 0

AB
1. DESIGN INFORMATION AND CRITERIA

1.1 Design Code & Standards

a. BS EN 1993 Part1~12: Structural use of steel work in Building
b. BS EN 1999 Part1~5: Structural use of Aluminum
c. BS EN 1991 Part1: Loading for Buildings
d. BS EN 1991 Part4: Wind loads for Building
e. AS1288-2006: Glass in Building-Selection and installation
f. BC 1-2012: Design Guide on Use of Alternative Steel Materials to BS5950

1.2 Material Properties

a. Structural steel : Grade S275 in accordance to BS EN 1993
b. Structural Aluminum Alloys (BS EN 1999-P1 3.2.2):
General Properties
Unit Weight, Pa 2710kgm-3
Modulus of Elasticity, Ea 70000MPa
Modulus of Rigidity, Ga 27000MPa
Coefficient of thermal expansion, αa 23x10-6/0C
Aluminum Alloy Extrusion: 6063 T5
Minimum 0.2%tensile proof stress,f0..2, for t≤150mm 110MPa
Minimum tensile stress,fu., for t≤150mm 160MPa
Limiting stress for bending and overall yielding, p0, as p0=f0..2 110MPa
Limiting stress in shear, pv, as pv=p0/3^0.5 64MPa
Limiting stress for local capacity, as p0=0.5(f0..2+fu) 130MPa
Aluminum Alloy Extrusion: 6063 T6
Minimum 0.2%tensile proof stress,f0..2, for t≤150mm 160MPa
Minimum tensile stress,fu., for t≤150mm 195MPa
Limiting stress for bending and overall yielding, p0, as p0=f0..2 160MPa
Limiting stress in shear, pv, as pv=p0/3^0.5 92MPa
Limiting stress for local capacity, as p0=0.5(f0..2+fu) 172.5MPa
Aluminum Alloy Extrusion: 6061 T6
Minimum 0.2%tensile proof stress,f0..2, for t≤150mm 240MPa
Minimum tensile stress,fu., for t≤150mm 290MPa
Limiting stress for bending and overall yielding, p0, as p0=f0..2 240MPa
Limiting stress in shear, pv, as pv=p0/3^0.5 139MPa
Limiting stress for local capacity, as p0=0.5(f0..2+fu) 260MPa
c. Stainless steel sheet (SCI Pub 123)
Mechanical Properties: Grade 304
Minimum 0.2% proof stress, Y0.2 195MPa
Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength, Us 500MPa
Mechanical Properties: Grade 304L
Minimum 0.2% proof stress, Y0.2 180MPa
Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength, Us 460MPa

A 1
 Mechanical Properties: Grade 316
Minimum 0.2% proof stress, Y0.2 205MPa
Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength, Us 510MPa
Mechanical Properties: Grade 316L
Minimum 0.2% proof stress, Y0.2 190MPa
Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength, Us 490MPa
d. Stainless steel bolts (BS6105)
Structural Stainless Steel Bolts: Bolts Grade A2-A4/50
Ultimate Tensile Strength, Usb 500MPa
Stress at 0.2% permanent Strain, Y0.2b 210MPa
Shear Strength, Psb 145MPa
Bearing Strength, Pbb 511MPa
Tensile Strength, Ptb 240MPa
Structural Stainless Steel Bolts: Bolts Grade A2-A4/70
Ultimate Tensile Strength, Usb 700MPa
Stress at 0.2% permanent Strain, Y0.2b 450MPa
Shear Strength, Psb 311MPa
Bearing Strength, Pbb 828MPa
Tensile Strength, Ptb 374MPa
Structural Steel Bolts: Bolts Grade A2-A4/80
Ultimate Tensile Strength, Usb 800MPa
Stress at 0.2% permanent Strain, Y0.2b 600MPa
Shear Strength, Psb 384MPa
Bearing Strength, Pbb 1008MPa
Tensile Strength, Ptb 464MPa
e. Glass Panels: Strength and Allowable Deflection based on AS1288-2006
f. Structural silicone sealant: 0.138 MPa (under wind load)

1.3 Loading and Loading combination

a. Dead Load:
Steel Density: 78.50 KN/m^3
Aluminum Density: 27.00 KN/m^3
Glass Density: 25.00 KN/m^3
b. Wind load: Refer wind load analysis in Chapter 2.
c. Live load:
Cladding or any protrusion with dimensions greater then 500mm : 0.75Kpa and 1.10Kpa point load
over 150mm
Roofs, Canopies and Skyligths : 0.75 Kpa and 1.10Kpa point load over 150mm
d. Barrier load:
- Residential area:
Horizontal UDL line load: 0.74 KN/m
Horizontal UDL Infill load: 1.00 KN/m^2
Horizontal Point load: 0.5 KN
- Office and public area:

A 2
 Horizontal UDL line load: 1.5 KN/m
Horizontal UDL Infill load: 1.5 KN/m^2
Horizontal Point load: 1.5 KN
e. Loading combinations
- Structural use of Aluminum
Table 3.1 - Partial factors for loads
Type of load γf1
Dead load 1.35
Imposed load (not including wind load) 1.5
Wind load 1.5
Barrier load 1.6
- Structural use of steelwork in building
Table 2 - Partial factors for loads
Type of load γf1
Dead load, except as follow 1.35
Dead load acting together with wind load and imposed load combined 1.35
Dead load whenever it counteracts the effects of other loads 1.0
Imposed load (not including wind load) 1.5
Imposed load acting together with wind load 1.05
Wind load 1.5
Wind load acting together with imposed load 0.9

1.4 Permissible Deflection

- Aluminum mullions and transoms under wind load:
L/240 or 20 mm whichever is smaller (For double-glazing units)
L/175 or 20 mm whichever is smaller (For monolithic and laminated-glazing units)
6mm For corner mullion, parallel to the plane of the wall.
- Aluminum transoms under dead load:
2 mm or L/1000 Vertical (In-plane) whichever is smaller
- For cantilever member:
L/180
- Glass & Aluminum Panel:
Out of panel : L/90mm or 20mm whichever is smaller

1.5 Computer Aided Program

a. STAAD. Pro 2008
b. ANYSYS 11.0

A 3
2.Summary for Wind Load
The maximum value of the corner area is used to calculate the wind load
LEVEL AREA SYSTEM WIND LOAD (kpa)

WF02a/WF03a/EWS106/EWS107 SUCTION -1.00

Level 1~4 ZONE3
/EWS108/EWS109 PRESSURE 0.85

EWS101/EWS102/EWS101a/EW SUCTION -1.33

Level 4~12 ZONE2
S101b PRESSURE 1.08

Level SUCTION -1.38

ZONE1 EWS104
12~ROOF PRESSURE 1.12

A 4
A 5
A 6
3 WIND LOAD FOR LEVEL 1~LEVEL 4
3.1 WIND LOAD DESIGN FOR "System below Level 4" (EURCODE EN 1991-1-4)
3.1.1 Basic values
System include
:WF02a/WF03a/EWS106/EWS107/EWS108/EWS109

Fundamental value of the basic wind velocity ;

Vb0 = 20.00 m/s refer to SS EN 1991-1-4,4.2(1)P Note 2
Directional factor: Cdir=1 § 4.2
Seasonal factor Cseason =1
Basic wind velocity : Vb = Cdir × Cseason × vb,0 = 20.00 m/s
3.1.2 Basic velocity pressure § 4.5
qb =1/2×ρ×Vb^2 = 0.24 kN/m^2
ρair = 1.194 kg/m³ (air density)
3.1.3 Peak pressure § 4.5
q (z) = 【1+ 7×lv (z) 】× q ×cr(z)^2×co(z)^2
b

where: cr(z) is the roughness factor § 4.1

co(z) is the orography factor
lv(z) turbulence intensity § 4.4
zmin is the minimum height
zmax is to be taken as 200 m
cr (z)= kT×ln(z/z0) （z <z<z ）
min max

cr (z)= cr( z min ) （z<z ） min

where: z is the height of calculation = 17.65 m

where: z0 is the roughness length = 0.050 m
kT is the terrain factor, depending on the roughness length z0 calculated using
kT=0.19(z0/z0II)^0.07 = 0.19
z0II(terrain category)= 0.05
cr (z)= k T×ln(z/z0)= 1.11

A 7
 co(z) =1 ( flat terrain)
( other types of terrain see section 4.3.3 & Annex 4.3)
lv(z) : turbulence intensity § 4.4
lv=kl/[c 0 （z）×ln(z/z )】 （z <z<z ）
0 min max

lv=lv(z min ) （z<z ） min

kI is the turbulence factor recommended value for kI is 1,0

z =18 m
so: zmin < z < zmax
（z）×ln(z/z )】 =0.17
lv=kl/[c 0 0

q (z) =【1+ 7×l v (z) 】× q ×cr(z)^2×co(z)^2

b

= 0.65 kN/m^2
3.1.4 Design wind load
D=33.2 H=60 H/D=1.8
qw = (Cpe + Cpi) × q(Z)× Cs×Cd

Cs×Cd=1.0
Table7.1-Recommended values of external pressure coefficients for vertical walls of

rectangular plan buildings

Zone A B C D E

h/d c pe (10) c pepe(1) c pe (10) c pe (1) c pe (10) c pe (1) c pe (10) c pe (1) c pe (10) c pe (1)

5 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 +0.8 +1.0 -0.7

1 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 +0.8 +1.0 -0.5

≤0.25 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 +0.7 +1.0 -0.3

Pressure -efficients: Consider Cpe (1)conservatively

Typical area: Corner area:
External: Cpe(1) = + 1.00 Cpe(1) = + 1.00
Cpe (1)= -1.10 Cpe (1)= -1.40
Cpi = + 0.2
Cpi = - 0.3
Cf(pressure)=1.00-0.20=0.80 Cf(pressure)=1.00-0.20=0.80
Cf(pressure)=1.00-(-0.30)=1.30 Cf(pressure)=1.00-(-0.30)=1.30
Cf(suction) =-1.10-0.20=-1.30 Cf(suction) =-1.40-0.20=-1.60
Cf(suction)=-1.10-(-0.30)=-0.80 Cf(suction)=-1.40-(-0.30)=-1.10
Design wind pressure on surface:
qw = Cf(pressure)×q(z) = 1.30×0.65=0.85 kN/m^2 (Typical area)
qw = Cf(pressure)×q(z) = 1.30×0.65=0.85 kN/m^2 (Corner area)
Design wind suction on surface:
qw = Cf(suction)×q(z) = -1.30×0.65=-0.85 kN/m^2 (Typical area)
qw = Cf(suction)×q(z) = -1.60×0.65=-1.04 kN/m^2 (Corner area)
Conservative use: -1.04 kN/m^2
Take the conservative value , the suction wind load we use -1.00 kpa
the pressure wind load we use 0.85 kpa

A 8
4 WIND LOAD FOR LEVEL 4~LEVEL 12
4.1 WIND LOAD DESIGN FOR "System Level 4 ~ Level 12" (EURCODE EN 1991-1-4)
4.1.1 Basic values
System include : EWS101/EWS102/EWS101a/EWS101b

Fundamental value of the basic wind velocity ;

Vb0 = 20.00 m/s refer to SS EN 1991-1-4,4.2(1)P Note 2
Directional factor: Cdir=1 § 4.2
Seasonal factor Cseason =1
Basic wind velocity : Vb = Cdir × Cseason × vb,0 = 20.00 m/s
4.1.2 Basic velocity pressure § 4.5
qb =1/2×ρ×Vb^2 = 0.24 kN/m^2
ρair = 1.194 kg/m³ (air density)
4.1.3 Peak pressure § 4.5
q (z) = 【1+ 7×lv (z) 】× q ×cr(z)^2×co(z)^2
b

where: cr(z) is the roughness factor § 4.1

co(z) is the orography factor
lv(z) turbulence intensity § 4.4
zmin is the minimum height
zmax is to be taken as 200 m
cr (z)= kT×ln(z/z0) （z <z<z ）
min max

cr (z)= cr( z min ) （z<z ） min

where: z is the height of calculation = 51.60 m

where: z0 is the roughness length = 0.050 m
kT is the terrain factor, depending on the roughness length z0 calculated using
kT=0.19(z0/z0II)^0.07 = 0.19
z0II(terrain category)= 0.05
cr (z)= k T×ln(z/z0)= 1.32

A 9
 co(z) =1 ( flat terrain)
( other types of terrain see section 4.3.3 & Annex 4.3)
lv(z) : turbulence intensity § 4.4
lv=kl/[c 0 （z）×ln(z/z )】 （z <z<z ）
0 min max

lv=lv(z min ) （z<z ） min

kI is the turbulence factor recommended value for kI is 1,0

z =52 m
so: zmin < z < zmax
（z）×ln(z/z )】 =0.14
lv=kl/[c 0 0

q (z) =【1+ 7×l v (z) 】× q ×cr(z)^2×co(z)^2

b

= 0.83 kN/m^2
4.1.4 Design wind load
D=33.2 m H=60 m H/D=1.8
qw = (Cpe + Cpi) × q(Z)× Cs×Cd

Cs×Cd=1.0
Table7.1-Recommended values of external pressure coefficients for vertical walls of

rectangular plan buildings

Zone A B C D E

h/d c pe (10) c pepe(1) c pe (10) c pe (1) c pe (10) c pe (1) c pe (10) c pe (1) c pe (10) c pe (1)

5 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 +0.8 +1.0 -0.7

1 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 +0.8 +1.0 -0.5

≤0.25 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 +0.7 +1.0 -0.3

Pressure -efficients: Consider Cpe (1)conservatively

Typical area: Corner area:
External: Cpe(1) = + 1.00 Cpe(1) = + 1.00
Cpe (1)= -1.10 Cpe (1)= -1.40
Cpi = + 0.2
Cpi = - 0.3
Cf(pressure)=1.00-0.20=0.80 Cf(pressure)=1.00-0.20=0.80
Cf(pressure)=1.00-(-0.30)=1.30 Cf(pressure)=1.00-(-0.30)=1.30
Cf(suction) =-1.10-0.20=-1.30 Cf(suction) =-1.40-0.20=-1.60
Cf(suction)=-1.10-(-0.30)=-0.80 Cf(suction)=-1.40-(-0.30)=-1.10
Design wind pressure on surface:
qw = Cf(pressure)×q(z) = 1.30×0.83=1.08 kN/m^2 (Typical area)
qw = Cf(pressure)×q(z) = 1.30×0.83=1.08 kN/m^2 (Corner area)
Design wind suction on surface:
qw = Cf(suction)×q(z) = -1.30×0.83=-1.08 kN/m^2 (Typical area)
qw = Cf(suction)×q(z) = -1.60×0.83=-1.33 kN/m^2 (Corner area)
Conservative use: -1.33 kN/m^2
Take the conservative value , the suction wind load we use -1.33 kpa
the pressure wind load we use 1.08 kpa

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5 WIND LOAD FOR LEVEL 12~ROOF
5.1 WIND LOAD DESIGN FOR "System Level 13 ~ Roof" (EURCODE EN 1991-1-4)
5.1.1 Basic values
System include : EWS/104
Fundamental value of the basic wind velocity ;
Vb0 = 20.00 m/s refer to SS EN 1991-1-4,4.2(1)P Note 2
Directional factor: Cdir=1 § 4.2
Seasonal factor Cseason =1
Basic wind velocity : Vb = Cdir × Cseason × vb,0 = 20.00 m/s
5.1.2 Basic velocity pressure § 4.5
qb =1/2×ρ×Vb^2 = 0.24 kN/m^2
ρair = 1.194 kg/m³ (air density)
5.1.3 Peak pressure § 4.5
q (z) =【1+ 7×lv (z)】× qb×cr(z)^2×co(z)^2
where: cr(z) is the roughness factor § 4.1
co(z) is the orography factor
lv(z) turbulence intensity § 4.4
zmin is the minimum height
zmax is to be taken as 200 m
cr (z)= kT×ln(z/z0) （zmin <z<zmax）
cr (z)= cr( zmin ) （z<zmin）
where: z is the height of calculation = 60.00 m
where: z0 is the roughness length = 0.050 m
kT is the terrain factor, depending on the roughness length z 0 calculated using
kT=0.19(z0/z0II)^0.07 = 0.19
z0II(terrain category)= 0.05
cr (z)= kT×ln(z/z0)= 1.35

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 co(z) =1 ( flat terrain)
( other types of terrain see section 4.3.3 & Annex 4.3)
lv(z) : turbulence intensity § 4.4
lv=kl/[c0（z）×ln(z/z0)】 （zmin <z<zmax）
lv=lv(zmin) （z<zmin）
kI is the turbulence factor recommended value for kI is 1,0
z =60 m
so: zmin < z < zmax
lv=kl/[c0（z）×ln(z/z0)】 =0.14
q (z) =【1+ 7×l v (z)】× qb×cr(z)^2×co(z)^2
= 0.86 kN/m^2
5.1.4 Design wind load
D=33.2 m H=60 m H/D=1.8
qw = (Cpe + Cpi) × q(Z)× Cs×Cd
Cs×Cd=1.0
Table7.1-Recommended values of external pressure coefficients for vertical walls of
rectangular plan buildings
Zone A B C D E

h/d c pe (10) c pepe(1) c pe (10) c pe (1) c pe (10) c pe (1) c pe (10) c pe (1) c pe (10) c pe (1)

5 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 +0.8 +1.0 -0.7

1 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 +0.8 +1.0 -0.5

≤0.25 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 +0.7 +1.0 -0.3

Pressure -efficients: Consider Cpe (1)conservatively

Typical area: Corner area:
External: Cpe(1) = + 1.00 Cpe(1) = + 1.00
Cpe (1)= -1.10 Cpe (1)= -1.40
Cpi = + 0.2
Cpi = - 0.3
Cf(pressure)=1.00-0.20=0.80 Cf(pressure)=1.00-0.20=0.80
Cf(pressure)=1.00-(-0.30)=1.30 Cf(pressure)=1.00-(-0.30)=1.30
Cf(suction) =-1.10-0.20=-1.30 Cf(suction) =-1.40-0.20=-1.60
Cf(suction)=-1.10-(-0.30)=-0.80 Cf(suction)=-1.40-(-0.30)=-1.10
Design wind pressure on surface:
qw = Cf(pressure)×q(z) = 1.30×0.86=1.12 kN/m^2 (Typical area)
qw = Cf(pressure)×q(z) = 1.30×0.86=1.12 kN/m^2 (Corner area)
Design wind suction on surface:
qw = Cf(suction)×q(z) = -1.30×0.86=-1.12 kN/m^2 (Typical area)
qw = Cf(suction)×q(z) = -1.60×0.86=-1.38 kN/m^2 (Corner area)
Conservative use: -1.38 kN/m^2
Take the conservative value , the suction wind load we use -1.38 kpa
the pressure wind load we use 1.12 kpa

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APPENDIX B-Movement joint engineering analysis
Movement analysis

Movements that were calculated less than the movement capacity of the system

95
Movements that were calculated less than the movement capacity of the system

96