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Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Quarter

1 - Module 6 INTERSUBJECTIVITY
Philosophy (Tagum City National High School)

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Senior High School

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Introduction to the
Philosophy of the
Human Person
Quarter 1 - Module 6
INTERSUBJECTIVITY

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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Table of Contents

What This Module is About ................................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know .............................................................................................................................. i
How to Learn from this Module ........................................................................................................... ii
Icons of this Module ............................................................................................................................... ii

What I Know ........................................................................................................................................... iii

Lesson 1:
Relationship with the Earth ..........................................................................................1
What I Need to Know..................................................................................................1
What’s New ................................................................................................... 1
What Is It ....................................................................................................... 2
What’s More .................................................................................................. 4
What I Have Learned .................................................................................... 5
What I Can Do: .............................................................................................. 5

Assessment: (Post-Test)………………………………………………………………………….10
Key to Answers ................................................................................................................... ..12
References .......................................................................................................................... ..12

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How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time to read the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
Module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

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What I Know

A. Answer each question correctly in its corresponding item. Write your answers
in your activity notebook.

1. Which of the following terms refer to a deep and genuine relationship

between persons.
A. Alienation C. Dialogue
B. Seeming D. Empathy

2. Which philosophical discipline referred to the shared awareness and

understanding among persons which is made possible by the awareness
of the self and other?
A. Empathy C. Human Freedom

B. Self-awareness D. Intersubectvity

3. Which of the following refers to a state when a person ceases to view the
other as distinct and authentic person?
A. Alienation C. Empathy
B. Dialogue D. Availability

4. Which of the following refers to the willingness of a person to be present

for another and to render assistance to another?
A. Availability C. Dialogue
B. Empathy D. Seeming

5. Which of the following action refers to the way a person presents himself
or herself when dealing with others?
A. Availability C. Dialogue
B. Empathy D. Seeming

6. Which value that is driven by a person’s awareness of the emotions and

thought of other people by placing himself or herself in the shoes of
others?
A. Availability C. Dialogue
B. Empathy D. Seeming

7. Which of following emphasizes the moral dimension of human interactions

which believes that a moral obligation to respond to the needs of others,
and encourages individuals to extend help to people in need?
A. Morality C. Moral Philosophy
B. Ethics for care D. Ethical judgement

8. What did philosophers describe as the notion of recognizing the self in the
other?
A. Genuine interactions
B. Interpersonal relations.
C. Externality
D. Genuine dialogue
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9. Which among the following is one level of self-other interactions?

A. Simple awareness of the existence of the others.
B. Recognize the self in the other.
C. Agree and cooperate with another.
D. Treat the other as yourself.

10. Which of the following closely describes the concept of intersubjetivity?

A. Treat fellow human beings as objects
B. Treat fellow human beings as subjects
C. Both A & B
D. None of the above

TRUE OR FALSE
________11. After 2 typhoons Rolly and Ulysses struck Luzon, many families were in
need of material help that Jolly and her sister initiated to donate their savings for the
victims. This is an example of genuine dialogue. – F
________12. When someone treats the other person as object, this can be manifested
like when a houseowner maltreated his house helper for failing to wash his favorite
jacket when he needed it the other day. – T
________13. Intersubjectivity means that the Self which is the subject treats the Other
as subject also, not as an object. -T
________14. James was very sad when his dog died during the height of storm
Ulysses and being his bestfriend, you comforted him. This is an example of Empathy.
-F
________15.”Seeming” reaction is the opposite of what intersubjectivity is all about.F

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Lesson INTERSUBJECTIVITY
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What I Need to Know

Every day we have heard varied news about different forms of maltreatments
in the community or bullying in the cyberworld or even in school during physical set-
up of classes. These happen because some people treat others as mere objects and
look at others as bodies like machine.
The human person is not an object. He/she appears only to be one because
of her body that makes him/her a thing like others.
But you cannot just treat a person as a thing without hurting the person’s
feelings. This is because the human person also has an inner reality encapsulated in
the concept of an embodied spirit. This is the reason why we do not refer to human
beings as objects, but as subjects. For tis reason, human persons are expected to
treat others as fellow subjects, and not as objects in the service of other subjects. This
relationship among subjects is what philosophers call inter-subjectivity.
At the end of the lesson, you will appreciate your significant role in our only
home, the earth.
Learning Competencies:
• Realize that intersubjectivity requires accepting differences and not imposing
on others
• Explain that authentic dialogue means accepting others even if they are
different from themselves
• Performs activities that demonstrate an appreciation for the talents of persons
with disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of society

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What’s New

Activity 1: Compare Us (30 pts)

Take a close look at the following pictures below and answer the questions given:

CAPUWA Family BISE Family

1. Describe the kind of relationship among the family members in the above
picture : (20 pts)

a. Capuwa Family

b. Bise Family

2. Which of these situations do you prefer? Explain your answer. (10 pts)
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What Is It

In module 3, we have learned that one important trait that defines a human
person is externality or the capability to reach out and interact with others and the
world. But before we begin to relate with others, we exercise our self-awareness,
that is we must first be aware of ourselves as rational individuals capable of
determined and reasonable action.

Interpersonal relations are made possible when the SELF becomes aware
of the OTHER – which includes everyone and everything outside of the self.
To illustrate the above statement,
• First, take a moment to look at the person near you right now (brother, sister,
mother or father). Are you aware of his or her existence? The answer is yes,
since you can perceive him/her through your sense. He or she now (brother,
sister, mother or father) is the OTHER, or a being that exists outside of your
SELF.
• Second, take a look at an object infront of you ( a cellphone, laptop, notebook,
ballpen, mirror, or any object. That object is also an OTHER – a thing that
also exists outside of your SELF.
Now, which of the following actions is more reasonable?
• You only interact with objects only when you need them.
• Interacting with other human beings is a more meaningful and reasonable act.

WHAT IS INTERSUBJECTIVITY?

• Our human nature not only enables us to recognize the SELF (that defines
our individuality), it also enables us to recognize that the other human beings
also possess a SELF.
• We are able to relate meaningfully with other human beings because we
consider ourselves as ESSENTIALLY THE SAME
• Interpersonal relations – according to philosophers, is the notion of
recognizing the SELF in the OTHER
• Hence, INTERSUBJECTIVITY is the mutual recognition of each other as
persons; a unique relationship between distinct subjects.

Levels of “SELF – OTHER” Interactions

1. The simple awareness of the existence of the other.
- This means that when we see other people walking down the street, we
are aware that there are other beings unique from us, and that they exist
outside of our own perception
2. The awareness of self as being seen by others
- For instance, one of the people you are watching suddenly stops and
looks straight at you. You are immediately aware of this person’s action as
an OTHER.

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- Also, you are aware of another significant fact – you know that the
stranger at you is aware of YOU as a person.
- This self-consciousness is considered by philosophers as a defining
characteristic of SELF-OTHER relationship.
The awareness of “self in the other” is an important element in all other
aspects of interpersonal interactions. The way we act with other people is
often influenced by our ideas of how these people see us.

• SEEMING :
- Actions where an individual presents himself or herself in
a certain way when dealing with others.
- Persons take on “roles” or act out characters when
dealing with certain people or when in certain situations.
This is considered unconscious, natural act on the part of
humans
- For example :
(a). When we are with our friends and we think that they
see us outgoing and boisterous, we also adjust our
behavior to conform with how we think they expect us to
act.
(b). Also, how we behave in church is different from our
behavior in a lively party.

• DIALOGUE :
- Is what characterizes deeper and more genuine
interaction
- Is made possible when the SELF realizes that the
OTHER is genuine and unique individual.
- When two individuals begin to view each other as
persons, that is, truly acknowledging each other’s
presence, then that is the beginning of an authentic
relationship and a dialogue.
- Important Note
: A dialogue is not confined to words, but actions,
gestures and other expressions maybe used to convey a
person’s inner life. This means that the words uttered
during a dialogue are rooted in each person’s inner life.
: A person’s words, expressions, and body language
become the means by which he or she is able to express
a part of himself or herself to another person.
- Genuine dialogue occurs when persons are willing to
share themselves with one another.

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What’s More

Activity 2: Dialogue or Not (30 pts)

1. How will you apply the concept of genuine DIALOGUE in the picture
below?(Is Dialogue present in this picture?Why or why not?) 10 pts

BISE FAMILY

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2. What enables human persons to establish meaningful interactions with others.

Expound your answer.(10 pts)
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3. Discuss instances in your life when you engaged in “seeming” behavior. What
drove you to act in such a manner? (10 pts)

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What Is It?

HOW DOES INTER SUBJECTIVITY DEFINE OUR INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER

PERSONS?

Philosophers agree that it is important for humans to pursue and achieve

genuine relationships to attain development. Human persons naturally seek and are
able to achieve and maintain genuine, meaningful relations with each other. The
human person is considered as a "being with others”, which means that his or
her identity and destiny are shaped by relating with others.

Human existence is a continual dialogue with the “other” and that the “self”
becomes whole through interaction with other people and his or her surroundings.

1. EMPATHY – or the ability to share emotions, is an important aspect of

intersubjectivity.

▪ This emotion is driven by a person's awareness that the other is a person with
thoughts and feelings.
▪ Empathy enables us to experience another person's emotions, such as
happiness, anger, and sadness, in a manner of speaking, sympathy is
"feeling with' and empathy is "feeling in
▪ For instance, how would you behave around a friend who just informed you
that his or her parent has died?
▪ Empathy enables you not only to share your friend's grief and offer him or her
comfort during a difficult experience (sympathy), but also to feel the grief of
that person even if it wasn't your own relative’s death. Persons can also share
more positive emotions such as joy and pride. Examples include basketball
enthusiasts celebrating their favorite team’s victory, and parents taking pride
in their child’s achievement during graduation. By allowing us to share in
another person's emotions, empathy also enables us to place ourselves in
their shoes.

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2. AVAILABILITY - is the willingness of a person to be present and be at the

disposal of another.
▪ You may have encountered a situation where you needed help. For instance,
you went to an unfamiliar place and cannot locate the place where you are
supposed to go. What will you do? You might think of asking directions from
the people living in the area. How will you feel if you were asking for
directions, but the people you were asking kept ignoring you? What will you
think about these people? Let's say a stranger approaches you in the street
asking for help. What will be your first eaction? Will you try and help that
person or will you ignore him or her?

3. ETHICS FOR CARE – is an ethical theory that emphasizes the moral

dimension of relationships and interactions.
▪ This moral perspective encourages individuals to help other people, most
especially the vulnerable.
This theory believes that people have a moral obligations to respond to the
needs of other people; and one cannot turn a blind eye on the problems of
others.

On the other hand,

▪ Alienation - arises when a person ceases to view the other as a distinct and
authentic person and merely considers the other person as a mere object or a
means to satisfy personal interests.

For instance, people who behave in a rude and offensive manner against
others whom they consider “different from them”.

▪ Our human nature drives us to feel indignation against these kinds of behavior
because we know that these actions are an insult to human dignity. Feelings
or views of alienation, if left unaddressed, give rise to negative views and
actions directed against a person or group of persons.
Alienation goes against the concept of personhood because this view
discounts the humanity and dignity of a person and leads to dehumanization.

Society must be founded on relationships and bonds established through mutual

respect and recognition of human dignity. If we recognize that the other person is the
same as ourselves, if we consider him or her as an individual with dignity, as a
person no different from us, then we will be able to forge ties and build a community
of harmony.

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What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 3 : Being A Good Samaritan (100 pts)

Read the story of The Good Samaritan below and discuss the given questions:

The Good Samaritan

(Luke 10:25-37)

One day a lawyer came to Jesus and asked what he needed to do to live forever
or, "to get into heaven" or "to become enlightened."

Jesus asked him what the law of the Ten Commandments said. The lawyer
answered, "You shall love God with all your heart, and with all of your soul, and
with all your strength, and your neighbor as yourself." "Right!" said Jesus. Then the
lawyer asked, "But, Teacher, who is my neighbor?" In other words, "who do I have
to treat lovingly?" This is the story that Jesus told to the man:

Once, a man was walking on a lonely stretch of road between Jerusalem and
Jericho. Suddenly a gang of thieves jumped out from the side of the road and
surrounded him. "Give us your money," they demanded. "I need my money" he
cried. "I have to buy food with this money, for myself and my whole family."

One of the thieves picked up a rock from the side of the road and hit the man in
the head. He fell to the ground with a groan, bleeding. Seeing no one around the
thieves jumped on the man and took everything he had, including his money, and
his clothing. One of the thieves picked up a stick and hit the man hard several
times before leaving him on the side of the road half dead.

After a time, a priest came walking down the road. He saw the man lying on the
side of the road and crossed over to the other side as he hurried by.

Soon another man, a Levite appeared. He too, saw the wounded man lying in the
hot sun, naked and bleeding and he scurried on by.

A long time passed. Flies buzzed around the man who was dying from his injuries.
Luckily someone else was coming down the road. He was a Samaritan riding on
his donkey. Now the people of Samaria were not friendly with the people of this
man's country. They were sworn enemies of each other.

But the Samaritan man did not hesitate when he saw the man lying by the side of
the road. He didn't stop to think about whether he should help him because of
where he was from, or what group the man belonged to. He saw that this man
needed help and he felt compassion.

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The Samaritan took healing oil and wine from his bag and cleaned the man's
wounds and bound them up with bandages made from the cloth of his own shirt.
He covered him with a robe. He gave the man a drink of water and helped the man
onto his donkey. Slowly, for the man was in great pain and the road was long, they
walked to the next town. There the Samaritan found an inn and asked the
innkeeper to give him what was necessary to make the man comfortable.

The next day, the Samaritan gave money to the innkeeper to pay for the wounded
man to stay at the inn until he got better. The Samaritan promised to come back in
a few days and pay whatever else was needed to bring the man back to health.

When Jesus finished telling this story, he asked the lawyer, “Which one of these
three men acted like a neighbor to the man who fell among thieves?” The lawyer
said, “The one who showed kindness.” “Yes,” said Jesus, “go and do the same.”

Based on the above parable/story discuss situations that show Empathy, Availability,
Ethics for Care and even Alienation.

Genuine Interactions Identify and discuss situations from the parable

EMPATHY

AVAILABILITY

ETHICS FOR CARE

Inauthentic Interaction

ALIENATION

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What I Have Learned

SUMMARY

. We understand that each person is unique, therefore, differences will

exist among groups of people. When we look at physical traits and
even behavior, we can see that no two persons look and think the
same. We have to accept that people have different views and beliefs.
What unites us all is our shared HUMANITY and DIGNITY.

The recognition of our shared humanity and dignity is what drives us to

extend assistance and act with concern towards others, especially
towards individuals or groups that experience hardships and
discrimination. For instance, those who are physically and mentally
challenged often experience hardships because of their condition.
Despite their limitations, many of them have successfully transcended
their disabilities to become productive and happy individuals.
Each person is just as important as you are. This means that you learn
to accept your life as worthwhile. The bottom line is, there will be
things in your life that you will not be able to change and there will be
things that you can. Think about it. Our character, attitude, intellect
and the way in which we interact with others are all things we can
change and improve

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What I Can Do
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ACTIVITY 4: “INFOGRAPHICS”

PERFORMANCE ACTIVITY ( 100 pts)

• Create your own one page infographics promoting respect for persons with
disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of society. You
can use digital means or cut-out from old magazines, news papers, brochures
and other printed materials.Make it more creative

Example of Infographics.

RUBRICS
Description Points
Topic/Purpose The topic/purpose of the 35
infographic was clear and concise.
Data Data of the infographic was 30
accurate and relevant to topic
Layout The infographic had a great layout, 20
with applicable graphics.
Color/Font The font was legible and the color 15
scheme enhanced the infographic.
TOTAL 100
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Paste your output here:

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Key to Answers

1. C
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. A
10. B
11. F
12. T
13. T
14. F
15. F

References

Abella, Roberto D. 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Textbook

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