The Skin

The Major Layers in the integumentary system

• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Hypodermis or subcutaneous
 skin
The skin is the outer covering in the body . In humans, is
the largest organ of integumentary system.

-the skin has 4 appendages .these are :

•Nails,
•hair,
•sebaceous glands
•sweat glands
It also contains muscle (erector pili), vessels
,nerves, and lymphatic.

Functions of skin
Protection
sensory
Regulation of body temperature
Absorption
Secretion
Excretion
Storage
EPIDERMIS
Superficial layer of stratified squamous epithelium and is
thickest on the palms and soles. Although the epidermis may
be further subdivided into four or five sub layers are:
1. Stratum corneum (horny layer )
2. Stratum lucidum (only found in thick skin – that is the
palms of the hands, the soles of the feet).
3. Stratum granulosum (granular layer)
4. Stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer)
5. Stratum basale (germinative layer)
 Dermis
The dermis is the layer of skin
beneath the epidermis that consists of
connective tissue and cushions the body
from stress and strain.
The dermis is structurally divided into two layers:
1. Papillary layer (superficial layer):
Lies directly beneath epidermis, contain papillae,
small and cone shaped projections .
Papillae contain looped capillaries or nerve fiber
endings.

2. Reticular layer (deeper layer):

Contain fat cells , blood and lymph vessels,
sebaceous glands and sweat glands, hair follicles, erector
pili muscles
FASCIA (Subcutaneous tissue)
Superficial fascia :
General coating of body beneath of skin
mixture of loose, areolar and adipose tissues
Functions :
 Facilitates movement of skin
 Passage for vessels and nerves ..
 Protects the body against heat loss.

Deep fascia
Definition :
-fibrous sheet.
-invests the body beneath the superficial fascia
-devoid the fat.
-inelastic and tough.
 -
Functions of Deep fascia

-keep underlying structures in position.

-extra surface for muscular attachments.
-assists the muscles in their action.