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CHAPTER 2. DIFFERENTIATION 7. Slope of y D x C 1 at x D 3 is
p p
4Ch 2 4ChC2
m D lim p
h!0 h 4ChC2
Section 2.1 Tangent Lines and Their Slopes
4Ch 4
(page 100) D lim p
h!0 h hChC2
1 1
1. Slope of y D 3x 1 at .1; 2/ is D lim p D :
h!0 4ChC2 4
3.1 C h/ 1 .3 1 1/ 3h 1
m D lim D lim D 3: Tangent line is y 2D .x 3/, or x 4y D 5.
h!0 h h!0 h 4
1
The tangent line is y 2 D 3.x 1/, or y D 3x 1. (The 8. The slope of y D p at x D 9 is
x
tangent to a straight line at any point on it is the same
straight line.)
!
1 1 1
m D lim p
2. Since y D x=2 is a straight line, its tangent at any point h!0 h 9Ch 3
p p
.a; a=2/ on it is the same line y D x=2. 3 9Ch 3C 9Ch
D lim p p
h!0 3h 9 C h 3C 9Ch
3. Slope of y D 2x 2 5 at .2; 3/ is
9 9 h
D lim p p
h!0 3h 9 C h.3 C 9 C h/
2.2 C h/2
5 .2.22 / 5/
m D lim 1 1
h!0 h D D :
8 C 8h C 2h2 8 3.3/.6/ 54
D lim
h!0 h The tangent line at .9; 13 / is y D 1
3
1
54
.x 9/, or
D lim .8 C 2h/ D 8 y D 12 541
x.
h!0
2x
Tangent line is y 3 D 8.x 2/ or y D 8x 13. 9. Slope of y D at x D 2 is
xC2
4. The slope of y D 6 x x 2 at x D 2 is 2.2 C h/
1
2ChC2
m D lim
6 . 2 C h/ . 2 C h/2 4 h!0 h
m D lim
h!0 h 4 C 2h 2 h 2
D lim
3h h2 h!0 h.2 C h C 2/
D lim D lim .3 h/ D 3:
h!0 h h!0 h 1
D lim D :
h!0 h.4 C h/ 4
The tangent line at . 2; 4/ is y D 3x C 10.
1
5. Slope of y D x 3 C 8 at x D 2 is Tangent line is y 1D .x 2/,
4
or x 4y D 2.
. 2 C h/3 C 8 . 8 C 8/ p
m D lim 10. The slope of y D 5 x 2 at x D 1 is
h!0 h p
8 C 12h 6h2 C h3 C 8 0 5 .1 C h/2 2
D lim m D lim
h!0 h h!0 h
D lim 12 6h C h2 D 12 5 .1 C h/2 4
h!0 D lim p
h!0 h 5 .1 C h/2 C 2
Tangent line is y 0 D 12.x C 2/ or y D 12x C 24. 2 h 1
D lim p D
1 h!0 5 .1 C h/2 C2 2
6. The slope of y D at .0; 1/ is
x2 C 1 The tangent line at .1; 2/ is y D 2 1
2 .x 1/, or
! y D 52 12 x.
1 1 h
m D lim 1 D lim D 0: 11. Slope of y D x 2 at x D x0 is
h!0 h h2 C 1 h!0 h2 C 1
.x0 C h/2 x02 2x0 h C h2
m D lim D lim D 2x0 :
The tangent line at .0; 1/ is y D 1. h!0 h h!0 h
If m D 3, then x0 D 32 . The tangent line with slope The normal at x D a has slope 1=.2a/, and has equation
m D 3 at . 32 ; 54 / is y D 54 3.x C 23 /, that is, 1 x 1
y D 3x 13 y a2 D .x a/; or C y D C a2 :
4 . 2a 2a 2
y
This is the line x C y D k if 2a D 1, and so
k D .1=2/ C .1=2/2 D 3=4.
2
-3 -2 -1 1 2 x
k.1 C h/2 k
m1 D lim D lim .2 C h/k D 2k: -1
h!0 h h!0
y D jx 2 1j x
The slope of y D k.x 2/2 at x D 1 is -2
-3
k.2 .1 C h//2 k
m2 D lim D lim . 2 C h/k D 2k: Fig. 2.1-27
h!0 h h!0
. 1; 8/ 10 y D 2x 3 3x 2 12x C 1 1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 x
-2 -1 1 2 3 x
-1
-10
-2
-20 .2; 19/
-3
-30 Fig. 2.1-29
Fig. 2.1-26
27. Horizontal tangent at . 1=2; 5=4/. No tangents at . 1; 1/ 30. Horizontal tangent at .0; 1/. No tangents at . 1; 0/ and
and .1; 1/. .1; 0/.
J
JABLONSKI, L . b. Strjakow, Poland about 1806; entered Polish
army and fought for the liberation of Poland; lived at Dijon in
France; engaged in tuition in Edinburgh; a merchant in London;
author of an English translation of the well-known Polish poem
‘Conrad Wallenrod’ by A. Mickiewicz 1841, this was reprinted in
Polish, French and English 1851. d. Dijon 2 Oct. 1853.
JACK, A (son of rev. William Jack d. 9 Feb. 1854). b. 19 Oct.
1805; ensign 30 Bengal N.I. 23 May 1824, major 1846–51;
brigadier of force sent against Kangra in the Punjab 1847;
commanded a battalion in second Sikh war, present at Aliwal,
Chillianwalla and Goojerat; lieut. col. 33 Bengal N.I. 18 Dec. 1851;
lieut. col. 42 Bengal light infantry 1853; lieut. col. 34 Bengal N.I.
1856 to death; brigadier at Cawnpore 8 Aug. 1856 to death; C.B. 9
June 1849; published Six views of Kot Kangra sketched on the spot
1847; shot by the mutineers at Cawnpore 27 June 1857. Mowbray
Thomason’s Story of Cawnpore (1859) 62, etc.; Kaye’s Indian
mutiny, ii 217–68 (1889).
JACK, R . A (son of rev. Robert Jack of Manchester). b.
Linlithgow 16 June 1794; ed. at Edin. univ. and at Divinity hall,
Selkirk; presbyterian minister Dunbar 1818–64; D.D. of an
American univ. 1862. d. Musselburgh near Edinburgh 5 Aug. 1868.
Sanctuary services. By A. Jack. With a memoir by J. Kerr. Edin.
(1869), portrait.
JACK, J (son of a land steward). b. Drumkilbo, parish of Meigle
1785; enlisted in Forfar and Kincardine militia 1803 and was
employed as clerk in the orderly room, regiment disbanded 1816;
member of Forfar and Kincardine masonic lodge 25 Aug. 1808 for
which he framed a code of laws and established a benefit soc. in the
lodge; lieut. in the militia at Montrose 1816; formed a code of rules
for the Caledonian lodge of Free Gardeners, Montrose; surveyor of
taxes for Dundee and district 1831, retired with a pension; kept the
Union royal arch chapter No. 6 Dundee in its place on the roll from
1831–55 and was presented with his portrait 1857. d. Dundee 15
Dec. 1861. monu. erected in ch. yard at Liff. Norrie’s Dundee
Celebrities (1873) 204–6.
JACK, T C. (son of an Edinburgh printer). b. 1830; apprentice to
W. P. Kennedy, bookseller; bookseller Edinb.; with his brother in
the hardware trade, Glasgow; member of firm of Inglis and Jack,
publishers, Edinb.; publisher alone; brought out Fairbairn’s Crests
of British Families 1860 and Riddell’s The Carpenter 1868;
published a Welsh Bible 1873 which returned a good profit, the
Globe Encyclopædia 1875, the Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland, and
the Encyclopædia of Freemasonry; sec. of Edinb. chamber of
commerce 1872; purchased the stock and copyrights of Fullarton &
Co. 1880. d. 13 Strathearn road, David st. Edinburgh 3 Dec. 1886.
The Bookseller 16 Dec. 1886 p. 1322.
JACK, R . W (son of rev. William Jack, D.D.) b. Northmavin,
Shetland 1768; ed. at Univ. and King’s colleges, Aberdeen, D.D.
1815; M.D. of Edin.; professor in Univ. and King’s colleges,
Aberdeen 1794, sub-principal and professor of moral philosophy
Dec. 1800, principal 1815 to death; mayor of Aberdeen. d. King’s
coll. Aberdeen 9 Feb. 1854. The Aberdeen Herald 25 Feb. 1854 p.
6.
JACKMAN, H . b. about 1786; manager of Northampton theatrical
circuit 45 years. d. Northampton 30 Sep. 1852 aged 66. The Era 10
Oct. 1852 p. 12.
JACKSON, R . A G . b. 1844; ed. at Lichfield theol. coll.
to 1868; C. of Wolverhampton coll. ch. 1868–72; in charge of St.
Andrew, W. Bromwich 1872–5; C. of St. Thomas, Regent st.
London 1875–82; hon. chaplain Newport market refuge 1878;
chaplain and warden of Philanthropic Soc. farm sch. Redhill, Surrey
1882 to death; proprietor of the Leicester Journal to death; author of
A penny pocket book of prayers and hymns 1867; The missioner’s
manual of anecdotes 1876; The history of St. Thomas’s church,
Regent st. 1881; The missioner’s hymnal 1884; The missioner’s
book of sermon notes and illustrations 1890; hanged himself at
Redhill 23 April 1887. Times 27 April 1887 p. 14.
JACKSON, A H . b. 1852; student R. Acad. of music 1872,
won Lucas medal for composition, professor of harmony and
composition 1878 to death; composer of Fugue in E for two
performers on the piano 1874; Toccata for the piano 1875; In a boat:
barcarolle for the pianoforte 1878; Lord Ullin’s daughter: chorus
1879; Andante con variazione for two performers on the piano
1880; The Siren’s song for female voices 1885; The Bride of
Abydos, an overture; Jason and the golden fleece. A cantata. d. 4
Oxford and Cambridge mansions, London 27 Sep. 1881. Musical
Times 1 Nov. 1881 p. 581.
JACKSON, B . b. Glasgow 27 June 1795; ensign royal staff corps 23
Oct. 1811; attached to head quarters staff at Waterloo, of which
battle he lived to be one of the 4 surviving officers; captain royal
waggon train 1820; captain royal staff corps 1829 to 7 Feb. 1834
when placed on h.p.; lieut. col. 9 Nov. 1846; professor of military
surveying H.E.I. coll. Addiscombe 20 years; lived at Glewstone
court near Ross, Herefordshire 1858–74, at Hillsborough, Ashfield
1874 to death; author of A course of military surveying 1838, 2 ed.
1841; England and Russia, the navy and steam warfare 1839;
Elementary surveying, comprising land surveying with Gunter’s
chain 1842; and with C. Rochfort Scott The military life of the duke
of Wellington 2 vols. 1840. d. Ross 23 Oct. 1889. Graphic 9 Nov.
1889 pp. 563, 564, portrait.
JACKSON, C H C (dau. of Thomas Elliott of
Wakefield). m. at St. Helena 1856 Sir George Jackson 1785–1861;
granted civil list pension of £100, 19 June 1874; edited The Diaries
and letters of sir G. Jackson 1872; The Bath archives: a further
selection from The Diaries 1873; author of Fair Lusitania 1874; Old
Paris, its court and literary saloons 2 vols. 1878; The old regime:
court, salons and theatres 2 vols. 1880; The French court and
society. Reign of Louis XVI. and First empire 2 vols. 1881; The
Court of the Tuileries from the restoration to the flight of Louis
Philippe 2 vols. 1883; The Court of France in the 16th century 2
vols. 1886; The last of the Valois 2 vols. 1887; The first of the
Bourbons 2 vols. 1890. d. Bath 9 Dec. 1891. Times 11 Dec. 1891 p.
6.
JACKSON, C (3 son of James Jackson, banker, Doncaster). b. 25
July 1809; barrister L.I. 6 May 1834; banker Doncaster; borough
treasurer 1838 to death; helped to establish Doncaster free library
1868; edited for the Surtees Soc., Diary of Abraham de la Pryme
1870, The autobiography of Mrs. A. Thornton 1875 and Yorkshire
diaries and autobiographies 1877; author of Doncaster charities,
past and present. Worksop 1881, with portrait of C. Jackson. d.
Balby near Doncaster 1 Dec. 1882. Times 15 Dec. 1882 p. 5.
JACKSON, C F . Entered Bombay army 1825; major 2nd
regiment light cavalry 19 Oct. 1819, lieut. col. 24 April 1854 to 1
Jany. 1858; retired M.G. 1 Jany. 1858. d. 7 Aug. 1870.
JACKSON, S C R M (eld. son of lieut. gen.
Alexander Cosby Jackson of Dawlish, Devon). b. Trincomali 1814;
ed. at Warminster; barrister L.I. 29 April 1836; advocate general at
Bengal 1848; puisne judge of supreme court of Bombay, Feb. 1853;
knighted by patent 2 Dec. 1852; transferred to court of Calcutta
1855; member of legislative council of India 1859; judge of high
court of judicature at Calcutta 13 May 1862, resigned 1863;
chairman of Bombay bank commission 1868; auditor of the Indian
home accounts 1872–4; author of A vindication of the marquis of
Dalhousie’s Indian administration 1865. d. 2 Nevill park, Tunbridge
Wells 21 July 1874. Law Times, lvii 276 (1874); I.L.N. lxv 115, 210
(1874).
JACKSON, R . E D . b. near Warminster, Wilts. 1803; ed.
at Trin. hall, Cam., LLB. 1827; C. of St. Matthew’s ch. Manchester
1830; English master of gram. sch. Manchester; P.C. of St.
Michael’s, Manchester 21 Dec. 1837–1844; R. of St. Thomas,
Heaton Norris near Stockport 1844 to death; edited Goldsmith’s
History of England 1844; author of The Crucifixion and other
poems 1833, 3 ed. 1834; The Devotional year, or the companion to
the liturgy 1835, 2 ed. 1839; Scripture history 1837; Lays of
Palestine 1850; Nugæ Lyricæ 1871. d. 27 Dec. 1879. bur.
Cheltenham. Evans’ Lancashire authors (1850) 44–8.
JACKSON, E (son of Welby Brown Jackson, judge of
Sudder court, Calcutta). b. 14 March 1824; entered Bengal civil
service 1842; judge of high court of judicature at Fort William 25
May 1865 to death. d. Upton park, Slough 3 Feb. 1873. Law Times,
liv 334 (1873).
JACKSON, E . b. 1818; gimp manufacturer at Derby, retired;
the best known aeronaut in the Midland counties, made very
numerous ascents; in Australia 1878; went up from the Arboretum,
Derby in the Evening Star balloon with his dau. in a thunder storm
25 June 1883; shot his wife Hannah Jackson aged 60 and then
himself at 102 Burton road, Derby 26 June 1883, he d. 27 June.
Derby Mercury 27 June 1883 p. 5 and 4 July p. 2.
JACKSON, G . b. South Devon 1792; ed. at Ashburton school,
studied at St. Thomas’s and Guy’s hospitals; M.R.C.S. 1813; an
original member of Microscopical society 1840, president 1852–54:
stood alone in contrivance and fabrication of ruled glass
micrometers, which he supplied to every optician of eminence for
15 years; a manager of London Institution 1858; author of On
micrometers 1847. d. 30 Church st. Spitalfields 15 Jany. 1861.
I.L.N. 6 Aug. 1861 p. 315, portrait.
JACKSON, S G (youngest son of rev. Thomas Jackson, D.D.
1745–97, canon residentiary of St. Paul’s cath.). b. Oct. 1785;
attached to mission at Berlin 1802–6; sec. of legation and chargé
d’affaires at Berlin 1807–8 and 1813–15; sec. to embassy at St.
Petersburgh 1816; comr. at Washington for settlement of American
claims, April 1823 to 1827; commissary judge at Sierra Leone,
Jany. 1828, at Rio Janeiro 19 July 1832, at Surinam, Aug. 1841, at
Loanda Dec. 1845, retired 1859; K.C.H. 1832; knighted at St.
James’s palace 12 Sep. 1832. d. Boulogne 2 May 1861.
JACKSON, G . b. about 1782; entered Madras army 1800; colonel
7 Madras N.I. 26 Nov. 1834 to death; general 13 March 1859. d. 10
Baring crescent, Exeter 26 May 1866 aged 84.
JACKSON, G . b. Hurley Bottom near Henley on Thames 1815;
enlisted in grenadier guards 1831, serjeant, retired 1846; taught
fencing and boxing at Mahmoud’s gymnasium, Brighton 1847–50,
where Tom Sayers was his pupil; exhibited feats of dexterity and
strength with the sword before the Queen at Holland house; the
originator of assaults at arms, opening at Saville house, Leicester
sq. where he held assaults 3 times a week and gave lessons in
fencing and boxing, C. Dickens and Albert Smith were his pupils;
immortalised in Bleak House as George the Trooper, Dickens gave
him the name of General Jackson which stuck to him; taught
fencing, etc. at Cambridge during term time from 1855 to his death.
d. Cambridge 25 Dec. 1878. Bell’s Life in London 4 Jany. 1879 p.
12.
JACKSON, G . b. 1 July 1812; cornet 4 Bengal light cavalry 26
June 1830, captain 1849–58; captain 3 European light cavalry 1858,
major 1861–4; second in command 2 regiment irregular cavalry
1842, commandant 24 Feb. 1848–64; served in Punjab campaign
1848–9 and on Peshawar frontier 1851–2, twice wounded during
the mutiny 1857; lieut. col. Bengal staff corps 18 Feb. 1863; L.G.
17 Nov. 1879; placed on unemployed supernumerary list 1 July
1881. d. St. Helen’s, Preston, Brighton 26 April 1889.
JACKSON, G V (eld. son of George Jackson of the Isle of
Wight). b. Chalwood, Surrey 13 July 1787; midshipman in navy
1801, went on h.p. Feb. 1828; captain 23 Nov. 1841; retired admiral
30 July 1875. d. Verno, Christchurch, Hants. 18 April 1876.
O’Byrne’s Naval Biog. (1849) 571.
N .—He is said to have been the original of O’Brien in Marryat’s novel Peter Simple.