名词性从句

名词性从句是指在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中担
任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，使用陈述句语序，根据其在句中不同的语法功能，名
词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

连接词不作任何句子成分，不可省略，只引导从句: that, if, whether

连 接 代 词 作 主 语 、 宾 语 、 表 语 : what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever,

whomever
连接副词作状语: when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however

一．主语从句

1. 主 语 从 句 通 常 由
that、whether、what、who、which、whatever、whoever、whom、how、when、where、why 等引导词
引导。

that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词都在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接
作用，在从句中充当主语的成分。从句作主语时，谓语动词为单数。

下面来看几个例句：

Whether tomorrow is a good day is unclear. 明天是否是一个好日子还不得而知。

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

Where the concert will be held has not yet been announced. 音乐会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

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Tips: 主语从句的 that 绝对不能省去。
2. It 作形式主语—— 代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构。用 it 作形式主语的结构:

(1) It + be + 名词 + that 从句

It is a pity/ a shame/ a fact / an honor / common knowledge / no wonder that …

(2) It + be + 形容词 + that 从句

It is necessary/ important/ likely/ certain/ natural / strange that…

(3) It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句

It is told/ reported /said / has been proved that…

It is suggested/ advised/ requested/ required/ ordered/ insisted that...(should) + do...

(4) It + 不及物动词 + that 从句

It seems / appears / happens / matter / remains to be done that…

1. 主语从句不可位于句首的情况：

(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

It’s uncertain whether/if she will como to the concert. (right)

Whether she will como to the concert is uncertain. (right)

If she will como to the concert is uncertain. (wrong)

(2) It is said (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)

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 That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)
(3) It happens…/It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)

That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)

Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)

Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)
【练习】

【2021·新高考 I 卷】 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.

二．宾语从句

作宾语的名词性从句，常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。

She think that I am a woman.
That will depend on whether they can get the chance.
Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment.
The boy knew when and where the girl would say the words.

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由 that 引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略)：

I heard that he wanted to watch Death Note.

(2) 由 what, whether (if)等 引导的宾语从句：

She did not know what had happened.

I wonder whether you can fly on the moon.

(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句：

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 She told me that Adam was the first man.

2. 作介词的宾语：

Our success depends upon how much health we have.

3. 作形容词的宾语：

I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

注意：that 引导的宾语从句常跟的形容词：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined,

glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied,
content 等。
也可以将此类词后的 that 从句看作原因状语从句。

4. it 可以作为形式宾语

it 可作形式主语，还可作形式宾语而真正的宾语 that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句

子中。
(1) 动词 find /feel /make/ think/ consider + it + adj/n + that 从句...

(2) 动词 hate/ dislike/ enjoy/ appreciate + it + that 从句...

(3) 短语动词 see to / depend on / rely on + it + that 从句...

(4) 固定搭配 take it for granted / owe it to sb + that 从句...

We heard it that she would get married next month.

5. 下列情况下 whether 不 可 用 if 替 换 （ 只 能 用 w h e t h e r 不 能 用 i f 的 情 况 ）

(1) 引导主语从句置于句首时

Whether tomorrow is a good day is unclear.

(2) 宾语从句中有 or not, 只能用 whether

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(3) whether 引导的宾语从句可以放在介词后，if 不能。

(4) 不定式前用 whether

(5) 动词 discuss，decide 的宾语从句只用 whether

6. 否定前移

谓语动词 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等，宾语从句若含有否定意
义，要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
I don’t think I lost her forever.

【练习】

1. 【2021·天津】It seemed that I had become my parents had wanted me to be.

A．when B．where C．what D．whether

2. 【2021·浙江】Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak

she could do so remotely

3. 【2021·北京】The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about she lived．

4. 【2020·浙江】Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on could be hunted or

gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.

5. 【2020·天津】My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish I put my

mind to.
A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．whichever

三．表语从句

一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。一般情况，可用于引导主语从句的引导词也可用于引导表
语从句，如 that, what, who, which, when, where, how, why, whether 等。引导表语从句的 that 一般不可省
略, if 不能引导表语从句。

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

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2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) My idea is that we should do it right now.

5) That is what he meant.

6) 特殊连接词 ： as if, as though, because

It is because he is too foolish.
Is it not as though/as if we were poor.

1. 连系动词有 be, seem, appear, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, keep, stay, remain 等，后接表语从句。

2. 常用的表语从句结构：

the reason is that… 和 the reason why...is that...

It/ That / This is because + 表语从句 (表原因)

It/ That/ This is why + 表语从句 (表结果)

【练习】

【2021·天津】What puzzles Lily's friends is she always has so many crazy ideas.
A．whether B．why C．what D．when

四．同位语从句

同位语从句指的是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位
语的从句 ，同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词 和同位语在逻辑上
是 主 表 关 系 。 同 位 语 从 句 的 先 行 间 通 常 为 answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise,
information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, decision, doubt, opinion,
theory 等抽象名词。例如：

1. The news that his heath is failing made us sad.

他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。

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 2. I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.

我不知道他们在哪里度假。

3. The question who should do the work requires consideration.

谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑。

4. There is no doubt that he will come here again.

他会再来这里，这是毫无疑问的。

5. He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.

他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨看。

注意：

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使得整个句子的结构
品得平衡。例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。

Word came that she had been captured.

侯赛因已被捕的消息传来。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

（1） 同位语从句是对先行词的进一步陈述，含义相同的同等关系，说明具体内容。
定语从句是对先行词的修饰或限制，不说明具体内容。
（2） 同位语从句的“ that ” 不能省略。定语从句的关系代词“ that ” 在从句中作宾语时可以省略。

【练习】

【2020·江苏】It is not a problem we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A．whether B．why C．when D．where

【连接词用法总结】

1. that

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 that 在名词性从句中不作任何成分, 引导宾语从句时有时可以省略, 引导主语从句、表语从句和
同位语从句时不能省略。
2. whether 与 if 引导的名词性从句

引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用 whether, 不用 if。

3.

意为“无论谁”, 相当于 anyone who, 可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,

whoever
在名词性从句中作主语或宾语, 无疑问的意思。

who 可引导名词性从句, 在句中作主语或宾语, 意为“谁”, 有疑问的意思。

意为“任何(事物), 无论什么东西”, 相当于 anything that, 可引导名词性从句或让

whatever
步状语从句, 在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或定语, 表示无范围的选择。

可引导名词性从句, 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语, 表示无范围的选择。

what

意为“任何人, 无论是谁”, 可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句, 在名词性从句中作

whomever
宾语。

whom 可引导名词性从句, 在从句中作宾语, 意为“谁”。

whichever 意为“无论哪个、哪些”, 可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句, 表示有范围的选择。

可引导名词性从句, 意为“哪一个”, 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语, 表示

which
有范围的选择。

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练习：用 who 、whoever、what 、whatever 填空。

1. Sarah hopes to become a friend of shares her interests.

2. he witnessed in China aroused much interest among his countrymen.

3. you choose to wear should be clean.

4. will come to help with my English hasn’t been decided.

5. In texts, you don’t have to declare you are or even say hello.

【语法练习】

名词性从句做题两步骤:

第 1 步判断是否属于名词性从句;

第 2 步判断名词性从句中的连接词;

① 若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语, 用连接代词：what which who whom whoever whomever 等;

② 若缺少状语就用连接副词 when where why how ;

③ 如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整, 是否需要用 whether/if;

④ 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用 that。

【基础练习】

名词性从单句语法填空 50 题

1. It is our responsibility, so I don't want now is to push it to the students.

2. Research suggests an increase in voice is a signal someone is lying.

3. The small mountain village we spent our holiday last month lies in is now part of
Hubei. （定语从句+名词性从句）
4. His family members gave some examples of his drinking and smoking had affected the

family.

5. It has been proved several new kinds of medicine have a positive effect on the cure of H7N9.

6. It is no use doing you like, you have got to like you do.

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 7. He jumped out of bed and ran to the door to see the parcel was for.

8. You can complain, but I doubt it will make any difference.

9. The bride and groom gave attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.

10. Helen has just heard the news from her father her boyfriend David will come back soon.

11. The message of Saving Private Ryan is humans want peace, not war.

12. There is still some doubt the system will work even though all the factors have been
considered.
13. John seemed puzzled about the question meant.

14. The teacher won't explain it is that makes his students so fascinated by his lessons.

15. It is announced that big prizes will go to finishes the assignment on time.

16. The news we won the game is exciting.

17. I have no idea he will come back home.

18. The thought came to him Mary had probably fallen ill.

19. We should consider the students’ request the school library provide more books on popular
science.
20. The fact is we have lost the game.
21.That’s just I want.
22. This is our problem lies.

23. That is he didn’t come to the meeting.

24. The reason he was late was he missed the train by one minute this morning .

25. The little girl who got lost decided to remain she was and wait tor her mother.

26. The last time we had great fun was we were visiting the Water Park.

27. He has told me will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

28. I want to know has told you.

29. She will give needs help a warm support.

30. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in

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the 21st century.
31. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?
32. there is life on the moon is an interesting question.

33. The fire destroyed was in the building.

34. We know little about the young lady except you told me.
35. I know nothing about her except she is from Canada.
36. The question he asked was the electrical equipment should be stored.

37. there is life on another planet is almost impossible.

38. Please give the book to wins the first prize.

39. The chance he will attend the meeting is very little.

40. It so happened I had no money on me.

41. Mark wondered you thought of the new film.

42. Some of the scientists held the view that the book said was right.

43. He was driving at I thought was a fantastic speed.

44. It has not been decided yet the meeting will start at the hall.

45. What we feel excited is we are passing the flame in Shenzhen now.

46. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants

47. I am very interested in he has improved his pronunciation in such

a short time.
48. It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and
out the atmosphere today.
49. We have plenty of books here. You may take one you like best.

50. I know nothing about her except she is from Canada.

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