WOOD AND

WOOD
PRODUCTS
WOOD
Wood is traditional building
material, it is really worked, has
durability and beauty. It has
great ability to absorb shocks
from sudden load. In addition,
wood has freedom from rust and
corrosion, is comparatively light
in weight, and is adaptable to a
countless variety of purposes.
CLASSIFICATION OF TREES
TREES GENERALLY ARE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO KINDS:

HARDWOODS SOFTWOOD
'deciduous' trees that 'conifers' trees that have
have broad leaves which needles rather than
are normally shed in the leaves and that bear their
winter time. seeds in cones.
 EXAMPLE OF Dao - used for panelings and plywood veneer.
Almaciga - similar to pine for paneling.
PHILIPPINE TIMBER Mahogany
Ipil
FOUR CATEGORIES; Kalantas
a. First Group
Kalamansanai
Narra - most expensive used for furniture
Supa
and panelings, for expensive floorings, door
b. Second Group
panels, stairs and plywood veneer or
Acacia - ( rain tree ) for wood carvings
facings.
Agoho
Yacal and Guijo - both hardwoods, used for
Dita
posts and girders, or jambs attached to
Oak
concrete and also for wooden decks having
Philippine Chestnut
flooring and railings exposed to weather.
Pili
Pine Benguet - softwood, used for panelings,
Malabayasas
sidings, flooring and furniture. Also used for
c. Third Group
framings, trusses.
Bakawan
Tanguile and Apitong - the most common
Malakamias
lumber in the market. Used generally for
Malasaging
framings, joists, trusses, nailers, etc.
Matamata
White and Red Lauan - for framings, chests,
Nangka
jewel boxes
Santol
Kamagong - hardwood for chests, jewel
d. Fourth Group
boxes, stair frames.
All other ordinary wood species.

MOISTURE IN WOOD
THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF WOOD IS USUALLY EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE OVEN-DRY WEIGHT
AND CAN BE DETERMINED BY THE OVEN-DRY METHOD OR BY AM ELECTRIC - MOISTURE METER METHOD.

For even oven-dry method, they should be cut the full width of the board and from 1/2 to 3/4 inches (12.70
- 19.05 mm) long. The sections should be cut at lest 2 feet (0.60 m) from the end of the board to eliminate
the sample that may have end-dried. The pieces are weighed and the results recorded as the original
weight. The samples are placed in an oven heated to 212 fahrenheit (100) and left until all the moisture has
been removed. The weights are then checked several times until it is found that the pieces are no longer
losing weight, and are constant. The piesces are removed from the oven and weighed immediately.

This result is recorded as the oven-dry weight. Then the moisture content can be calculated using this
formula.

MOISTURE CONTENT = ORIGINAL WEIGHT - OVEN-DRY WEIGHT x 100 / OVEN-DRY WEIGHT (IN PERCENT)
 1. YARD LUMBER
- used for ordinary light construction and finishing work
and consists of 1 and 2 in. material manufactured into
common boards, shiplap, shelving dimension lumber (2x2
in to 2x12 inches). Center match, flooring, roof plank,

THREE sliding, V-join, trim and molding of all kinds.

2. SHOP LUMBER
CATEGORIES usually left in 1 inches and 2 inches rough thickness often
containing knots or defects not ordinarily permissible in other

OF LUMBER categories. It is intended for use in shops or mills making sash,

doors and cabinets where it will be cut into relatively short pieces
and the defective material discarded.

3. STRUCTURAL LUMBER
is intended for use in heavy construction for load-bearing
purposes and is cut into timbers of larger size than yard lumber, 3
inches or more thick and 4 inches or more wide. It is made from
the heartwood of the log.
SEASONING OF LUMBER
AS CLAY IS BURNED, STEEL IS TEMPERED SO LUMBER MUST BE DRIED. WATER CONTENT
REPRESENTS 30 - 100% OR MORE OF THE DRY WEIGHT OF A BOARD. TWO METHODS FOR
DRIYNG LUMBER.
1.AIR-DRYING
lumber is strip-piled at a
slope on a solid
foundation. This allows air
to circulate around every
piece while the sloping
allows water to run off
quickly.
2.KILN-DRYING (K.D.) TREATED
LUMBER
more expensive lumber which is required for more
refined uses so as wood will not move, such as
furniture. Flooring and general interior use. It must PRESSURE TREATED LUMBER
be dried to a moisture content of not more than 5 - when lumber is subjected
to 10%. Thia is done in a dry kiln a large airtight to pressure and injected
with chemicals or salts to
structure, scientifically heated by steam pipes-in
insure it from rots.
which the lumber is artificially dried to the correct
moisture content. K.D. takes days or weeks as
opposed to sun dried which will takes months in a
dryimg yard.
 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT
THE BOARD FOOT, A PIECE OF LUMBER 12 INCHES WIDE AND 1 INCHES THICK AND ONE FOOT
LONG IS THE UNIT OF MEASUREMENT. 1" x 12" x 1'- 0" or 1 x 12/12 x 1' - 0" = 1 bd. ft.

EXAMPLES
18 PCS. - 1" X 12" X 20 FEET - 360 bd. ft.
18 PCS. - 1" X 6" X 20 FEET - 180 bd. ft.
CONVERT THE WIDTH INTO FEET BY DIVIDING INTO 12
18 - 2" X 8" X 24 FEET
18 - 2" X 8/12 X 24 - 276 bd. ft.
22 - 3 X 10 X18 - 990 bd. ft.

SPECIFICATION WHEN BUYING LUMBER

INDICATE NO. OF PCS., HICKNESS, WIDTH, LENGHT, TOTAL BD. FT. KIND OF LUMBER AND
FINISH.
GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER
TERM USED TODESCRIBE A WOODEN MEMBER BUILT UP TO SEVERAL LAYERS OF WOOD
WHOSE GRAIN DIRECTIONS ARE ALL SUBSTANTIALLY