MODULE 3 (Activity no.

3)

Analysis, Application & Exploration

TRUE OR FALSE

1. F
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. T
7. T
8. F
9. T
10. T

Generalization
A. In summary, write a 100+ word reflection paper on what you have learned in this module.

By reading this module, I have learned a lot of things that I didn’t know about. I’ve realized our
current understanding about things started from theories. Various people, who spent their life
studying just to know different things, formulated these theories. Of course, the theories they
developed were supported and opposed by some people, and it was not easy to prove that.
However, one of the theories that were written in this module is now proven, which is the
Heliocentric Theory. I was amazed at their dedication to discover something. I believe that if they did
not work on these theories, our current knowledge would not be this deep.

I learned the Heliocentric and Geocentric Theory, which was supported and opposed by some
people back then. The difference between these two is that Heliocentric demonstrates that Sun is
the center of the universe, whereas Geocentric shows that the Earth is the center of the universe.
Moreover, I also learned the Theory of Evolution by means of natural selection by Charles Darwin,
and the psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud, which is the treatment of mental disorders, emphasizing
on the unconscious mental processes. It was also tackled in this module the different scientific
practices of Mesoamerica, Asia, Middle East and Africa such as the Mayan Calendar, the earliest
evidence/record of the cultivation of rice, the Lebombo Bone and etc.

Different ideas and theories emerged from the past. These ideas make us really want to discover
more as there are still things that we still don’t know. As a student, I really admire those people from
the past who put a lot of effort into discovering things. Their contribution of knowledge really helps
us people, especially students.

B. Answer the following:

1. Use the table below to present the idea about Geocentric and Heliocentric Theory.
 Geocentric Theory
1. It demonstrates that the
Earth is the center of
the solar system
2. Sun and planets revolve
around the Earth
3. The word “Geo” means
Earth.
4. It was first developed by
Eudoxus. Then, Aristotle
developed a more
thorough geocentric
model, which was later
improved by Claudius
Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy).
5. It was believed by the
Catholic Church
Similarities Heliocentric Theory
1. Both explain the 1. It demonstrates that
arrangement of the the Sun is the center
universe. of the solar system.
2. Planets, Earth, Sun 2. All planets revolve
are involved in both around the Sun.
theories. 3. The word “Helio”
3. Both theories were means Sun.
created/formulated 4. It was proposed by
by Astronomers Nicolaus Copernicus,
4. Both theories were which is a Polish
supported and astronomer.
opposed by people. 5. It was supported by
Johannes Kepler and
Galileo Galilei.

2. Identify 10 prominent figures who contributed in the scientific revolution.

Name
1. Nicolaus Copernicus
2. Charles Robert Darwin
3. Sigmund Freud
4. Aby Ja’far Mohammed
ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi
(Father of Ja’Far,
Mohammed, son of
Moses, native of the
town of Al-Khwarizmi)
Contribution
- Formulated the heliocentric model, which demonstrates
that the sun is the center of the universe/solar system.
- The removal of the Earth from the center of the universe
and solar system.
- Theory of Evolution by means of natural selection.
- Theorized about concepts of evolutionary biology and
developed revolutionary ideas related to adaptation and
speciation
- Formulated the controversial but coherent ideas about
organic evolution that have impacted the world at large.
- "On the Origin of Species" and "The Descent of Man, and
Selection in Relation to Sex"
- Free Association – the therapist only required direct
answers for the questions they ask patients.
- He published his findings with Breuer in 1895, in a paper
called Studien über Hysterie (Studies in Hysteria).
- Psychoanalysis (depth psychology) – is the treatment of
mental disorders, emphasizing on the unconscious
mental processes.
- Id, Ego and Superego – the three agencies of the human
personality
- wrote several enormously influential books.
- Hindu-Arabic System - describes how to write numbers
and compute with them using the place-value decimal
system we use today, which had been developed in India
some time before 600 AD.
 5. Anglo-Saxon - L'histoire des mathématiques - Paris, Seuil, 2001 -
researcher Richard Lebombo Bone is the first visible sign of the emergence
Mankiewicz of mathematical calculations in the history of humanity
6. Aristotle - Developed an early model based on the concept of
uniform circular motion (the earth at the center of
universe and planets, sun, and stars around it.
7. Ptolemy - Advanced the geocentric theory in a form that prevailed
for 1400 years.
- Added mathematics to support the theory.
8. Johannes Kepler - helped to refine the heliocentric model with
his introduction of elliptical orbits. 
- Showed that the planets do not orbit in perfect
circles.
9. Galileo Galilei - Published his discovers and support for the Heliocentric
model in two books.
- Build very good telescopes that helped to confirm the
heliocentric model
10. Josef Breuer - told his friend about using hypnosis to cure a patient
- contributed to the development of talk therapy and is
considered the founder of psychoanalysis.

3. Write the scientific practices of the different places inside the boxes below.

MESOAMERICA ASIA

- large carved heads of volcanic rock, - the earliest evidence/record of the

the largest weighing some 20 tons and cultivation of rice found at Chengtoushan
standing MIDDLE
about 10EASTfeet tall AFRICA
near the Yangtze River, dated to 6500 BCE
- Jiahu symbols (6600 BCE) - are the earliest
-- Mayan writing included
Important Greek and Indian both - Lebombo Bone - it could be a lunar
form of proto-writing in China.
pictographs
mathematical and symbols
books werefor syllables.
translated - calendar,
an increasespecifying the number
in bronze metallurgy andof
- Aand
calendar of the solar year of
studied, leading to a new era 365of days in a lunar
urbanization andmonth, similar
was a rapidly in
growing
days governed
scientific the agricultural
creativity that was to cycle
last principlecenter
regional to thewith
notches
palatialcalendar
complexesused
- auntil
calendar of the
the 14th ritual year of 260
century that
todayprovide
by theevidence for social
San people in Namibia.
- days dictated daily
Hindu-Arabic System affairs
- describes how - stratification.
The first visible sign of the emergence
- Long
to write numbers and computeback
Count calendar, extended with - earliest known body
of mathematical of Chinese writing,
calculations in the
to the using
date August 13, 3114 decimal
BCE (on the oracle bone script, mostly divinations
them the place-value history of humanity,
the Gregorian inscribed on bones.
system we usecalendar),
today to record the
- developed a different method of bronze-
large-scale passage of time
making from the Shang.
-

Assignment
A. Unscrambling words or phrases.

1. COLLABORATION
2. HELIOCENTRIC
 3. HUMAN ANATOMY
4. PSYCHOANALYSIS
5. ASTRONOMER
6. EVOLUTION
7. YANGTZE RIVER
8. HINDUARABIC
9. MAYAN CALENDAR
10. LEBOMBO BONE

B. Look for evidence on Pre-colonial Filipinos’ scientific practice. Paste the image in a separate sheet
and provide its description.

The picture shows the Pre-colonial

Filipinos’ scientific practice. As we can see,
they are treating illnesses with magic and
herbal remedies. During that time, their
knowledge is not yet enough to create
medicines. Therefore, they are relying only to
the resources available that time.