1.

a. Based on what you learned in PBS, what are three foods that would be
considered good energy sources? Explain your choices.
As a plant source of protein, almonds rank among the best. Your blood sugar will
be regulated, and your energy level will be maintained throughout the day when
you consume protein. In oats, you'll find the energizing and stress-reducing B
vitamin family, which helps turn carbs into energy. Energy cannot be generated by
your body without water.
b. List the sugar and the base found in molecules of ATP.
Ribosome and Adenine
c. Draw a diagram of the ATP molecule. Each of the three components of
the molecule should be a different color and each part should be clearly
labeled.

Stored in the Mitochondria

d. Where is the energy located in the ATP molecule? Indicate on your
drawing in step 4 where the energy is being stored.
It is located in the bonds between each of the phosphate groups.

2.
a. What do we call the type of chemical reaction that occurs in this step?
Explain how the name of this type of reaction relates to a key resource
other than food.
A catabolic reaction called hydrolysis occurs in this chemical reaction. "Hydro-"
means water, and "-lysis" means to break down. ATP is broken down into ADP and
phosphate by hydrolysis using water as a resource.
b. What is ADP and how is it generated?
By hydrolyzing ATP molecules, one of the three phosphate groups is removed to
produce "adenosine diphosphate".
c. We have said before that ATP is recycled. What do you think is the simple
equation for reforming ATP?
ADP + Pi -> ATP
d. Name the process human cells use to generate more ATP. Where in the
cell does this process occur?
Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration in humans.

3.
a. Where do you get the C6H12O6 and O2 that is required for this process?
Glucose + oxygen → Carbon dioxide + water + adenosine triphosphate
b. What happens to the CO2 that is produced in the reaction?
CO2 is exhaled through the lungs after traveling through the bloodstream.
c. Which types of cells in the body would you expect to require the most
ATP?
A large amount of energy is required by muscle cells due to the constant
movement of the body. Muscles contain a higher proportion of mitochondria,
which have a lower metabolic rate.

4.
a. How has a process in nature been used as a medical intervention?
The amount of ATP in heart cells can be measured using luciferase from fireflies.
b. What does the level of ATP tell scientists about the functioning of the heart?
ATP is vital for the energy needs of the heart. Heart performance is impaired when
ATP levels are low or lag.
c.What are potential applications of this research? How can this type of test help
patients?
This could be used to predict heart attacks or heart failure in patients at risk, it
could be used as a measure of when to release patients after a cardiac event, it
could allow a measure of lag time and test interventions when applied.