Date-.

Expt. No. . QY. Page No.

Aim o the @xpeniment

Todet ermine tho toBal hardness Q 8 gfven 9omple tucfng
ttrimetric mothod.
ApparatuS rCqufred
Bherekt pfpekte, Confcal HAckNeasuring_jarand Calindrfcal
beake
Reagents requfted
Hard neg Bukier Colukion, Fricbromg Black T ndtat0r Staral@rd|
EDTA Solutfan 0-01 N._

THEORY
Orfginallythe hardness d oaker coas understood to bea meaxue
othecpactty Coakor gor precipltating cnap Rosp is
precipitahed chiejy bythe cAltiumsnd maghocium ions comony
present in tnater,buk mayalsa be precipltated bs fontog other
andaralent metals,3uch a Aluminium,tuon.madganese,
8Hhontium zîncand by budroden fons- As the Jrst tunoare
tisuallu Procent iningtnizicationD Lontenttation in natualuaatet.
harcnoss ic dekinew As a charackerfsHfc t0ater LOhich repr
enis tbe tota conCentia tTon 4 fugd the Calciumand themgane
umîtneprescedl O Calcium rarborgte, Lj bicarboratesg catbi
Ad magnelMum ae prosentN t0ter, He toater i's tendered
ham Homporaiy a-he hardhece Can bo omoved to Sorno
rientbu some boiling OrEulfemtent byaddng.lime totnaBer.
EDG Teacher's Signature:
water claseigeatranTolal hardnes Conch mal-l(arek
0-50
Sot
Mrdsraley Sobt SO-1O0
I00-150
8ghtly Sobt
ugd erakely hard S0-200
200-300
Hard
300
Yey Hard
blei
 Date---
ixpt. No Page No..-

Lihenwat is boiled Co2 2 10 libratd cut ard tho îmcoluble

Caldum hiheräle befrp tairly coluble in twaBor coillDbt be-
rernoync by bolgA: rhute, "dgpsition talo n boiler3
n he the hard ihen sulphate,chirdead tnitate ag
Colcurn and YnaanCiU in totuie hon they 6nDet bo

Itte i toyiendrg, uth bárdecd kronaspemarent

hadnes : Hard tnale Caires ecrOston and tncrustinatfon
pipe Makirg inerl iastolec3.ei Unit ghardneccf otUAly|
Catt inoato als hádDess tmncumer Pintd
VTeus 1n1ohle 4. Harciheso ietGnator is_important n_
detemirjna uitabELat tor aomestf and hdustrisi|
UG Alcnthe dojernináiicn hardheS erYG AS A basjr
Hrna r e rnrsi erNATifal methtd Coktenina toaker

Yrincial
Ehenhehardnes is nurnerically greakerHan thesUm the
Cisborat akalfrity Brdthe birorbcnate Akaliniky theamnlunt
hao os,ihth fs uiYalent the botal Alkittnityitcalld
CalLorah radnem,the amcuni c hardner heHter thk r
Cll r-(astorate hardn.csThe haranecr ms torge htom
Zer thundrcds miligiam per ra151ikers îh ermg cslClum
Chsboral dpardina cnthe oUrCç nri tatment tothithuater
a e nSubfected. hulendimine lotta-atotfc ALtel And
9ndiuro als EDtA)>rorm 6 ehelake Soiuble Compler
Teachers Signahure:
EDG
 Datc

Expt. N Page No.

Ohen addated lO 8 solatfon cosLatn leu motal catfons 1

8 Small
amau nt d dye such an eichrone black 7' ded
o n solutfon
8qucous coniafni ng Calctum &nd mageclun
Tans al pH 101 0«1he solutional!
become tofn o red hen
LOhen Hhe soludon 4trcted
toth -the calcium and mOg bestum
against EDTA T1 }0I ms Comple
ibns A}er
EDTA bal been 9ddod lo CompleN aU fhe euphici'ent
Ccuc ium,the soloution col LuiD ng hesiumåDd
back LIom cofno red i0 bluo.
This is 4he end po?nt the
4itlation
tocodar
Tãke 95 ml
sampla fn à confcal ask
2Add 04 ml 2 Hardnecs bubher solutfon
3 Add 23 drops Erichome BlAck T înc'cator,tofne roodcelour
7rate coith etandard FDTA Soltukfon ebfll.rod colaut
to bluo change
NOto docon the volume d EDTA Iundoan CA).
6 or detorminaton polmanont hârdnoss 9ample
be boited Or 30 mintreo ahd ooled.The chould.
sample plocedlute
Ko le.tood alove . The völumo tun domn Íc Doted.(RJ

EDG Teacher's Signature

 Datc
Expt. No Page No.

& Cluroo samgle Buictte Peadingvolume 2DTA

No (V)
Tnitrat fnal
TOtatIArdnegg.
30 m 6-0 m 9-2 m .2m
3om 3.2m m
30m SImV 7 Om 19m

Lt V meunt ca NaoHused (volume)

Total tHardnegg as (mat-4) asCa COa VatTA NsDTA 1O60
Vi (m)

V 30m
VeDYA 3-2h Tutc Hardness 2-2ml O02NxI0OO rI00
NEDTA 0 02N 30M 213

2 Vi:30m
V2DT1 9 m Total Hardnegs 1.3ml X 0»02N YOOo x too
30 =12
NEDTA 0:02

3 V 20n
VenA: I.gm .Toteel tardnegs 19 0-02 Y0oxjDo

JEpA 0.02 30m 12

AVerAge, p134127 4127 1SS 66
EDG Toacher's Signature
 Date

Expt. No Page No.

Conctusian
water eample hatdnesx fe ISS.66, That masns fhe na br
fe medets hety b8idnegs.