0 Whot is metalc CoYOSIon ?

Exploin electrochem
-iCal +heory oj CorToSor tokiog foron 0s an erompie
MetaUsc Corras:on s deterorotion Ometals by
a redot pvocesS ? wbich metalS are Oyd zed
by 0xygeo in pre Sence o motsture
ElechroChemtcal theory o CoTYOSOr
Priocepe; According to the elechochemiCol te
-0 CovYo Sto tokes place on-the metal due to the
fozotton o} the ottodtc and onodtc. egions on the Sone
med'vm
Step 4
AJorge oumber
ooodnaneClS ore foxmedwhtch octs
as Cothodc teqions.
* Due to tuo d'jerert metals o Cortact
Due to djeret ncentaono ai
DUe to d'jevet anout o Stres$ on Suxoce.
Step 2 Anodic Teaction
At onode the meta! Underqoes oxtdatton
JRberotng electronS.
M M + Pe
Fe> Fe+ Re
Step3 3 Cothod!c eoCtion
A+ Cathode the metal Uooergoes reducton Jbesoting
oxtto
electronS or the electrons eleaSed the
TeOCHo 0 wtl mrate to -the Cothodic ovea
and educes oxygen to fonS.
* Tn ac?dc medum
2H+ 22 Ha
To the acGdc me dium -the hudrogen ons ore veduc
ed to he hydrogen gss.
Rajgurid EXAM GOLD
Deaerated: Io the deaeratedand newtral
2H,0 + pe
oerated Ond neutrol
2H,0+ O+ e OH
Step 4: Formotton o TuSt :
The hydroxy! onS ore rniqrate to the anodethe
Ond eocts wth the metal
CoY YOSion Droduct.
Mo 00H MOH)oPust
Fe2+ POH Fe (0H)2
Fe (oH, + 1 O, Oerated FepO3PHo

Fe (oH) + | O, deoevated Fea Oy 3H,0

Whot 15 PR 9AtAck bro S5 Sheet or ovea

o pev od t wag ound to cxpeztance a wel ht

lo86 375q oue to CoroSon T te denstty
oh brags is .73 qlcm alaulate CPR tn me
and mmPy
Given mpy
97.è S34

W 375 xI000 mg 315 xi000 mg

glen
2X36Sx 24- 17520
+

CPR = Kxw

=87,6 X 375 x I0oo

8.134 x toofS 6X 2X 365 x 24
2580

CPR = o.832 mmp

 GLASS

0.0o 919 mmpy

CPR - Kxw

534 X3 75 x000
8. B9 x 400 X2X365 X24
DO0, 250 O00
SLcBRo 61174340

Whot OTe Concentra tton clJS 9 Em} o the cell

AlpaNo, (elAg No, 0.2M) /Ag 15 0.8Y,Calculote
Gtven ceh Aqleg Noy C)l Pg N0,(0.2 M)/Ag
ch0.M
Pccodtng. to Nerns+
O.059| Jog
O.059)

O.2= 3.4356 X o z0.2

3.4356 XIo3
G: o.oS8 XI63 M
ells oe qolvoni c celS mode o 2 hol{ Cells e0ch
Conto'ang the Some elechrodes but d'hhexent Concentrot
Krown as Concetrot'on Cells.
(PO DeS Cr'be the jollouwing CoroS?on Cootrol method
0 Galvanizing
halvonizing s o procesS o a Coating a base
metal Sutjace with Zinc metal.
CRajgyar EXAM GOLD
 involves the me tol Cooting techatque to
protec+ object from the Corsoston
Tt be longs to the anodte meta Coating
Where he metol Should Co otain Jow
Coatog
Process
0. Deqreastng : Tvon sheet s posSed through
GrQonic Solvent to remove o! O qrease pre Ser

(P PrCkJing: The Gheet is wos hed wit d:J H,so

to vemove Ony rugt present on the Surhace
9 Flox treotment I+ s treated wth a mfxture
O oqueoUS Solut'on o} Znc, and NHct which
acts as Hluz.
. Dryzng:The Sheet has beer drted
Hot dippiog: The treatedl Sheet S driedand
dipped in mobten zioc at 4ao- 470°e.
( H:qh volling : ExceSS_Ztnc present on ron Shec
f5 emoved by rolnq wpin or po95 tng blast

USeS?
Rollinq Sheets
x Buckets
* Bol+S
nutS
Dr'ers Goyaat2

Flux
58tven tatmtrt

tdeyrost
 CAA

DATIE

Sacr}:Clal Gnode lettod

n th:S method, protected me-tal Guhoce ?s
Converted into a Othocle by Cornecting t to o
actve omode Metal.
The octve anode metal may be a Zo mg and Al
ane the Common anodeS and oe more eOCve
which Uhdergg CorrOSton.
Z02Z0t Pe zinc w'se (socrjat onsde)
CTron oil p'rene
where the acttve 0node metals one Socr(h'ed to
DrO tect the me tal Stucture
n hiS techotque the object Surace ?S mace
Cothodeb connecting it wth onode method
of tow eductson potential
Ex:A ma block one Cted to o bursled o:
Stooae tonk.
Me biocks are Connected to burted
pipeltnes
techntque
e Che aper one
A No need oj CuTrEnt Coninvosliy
. What 5 anodt zin 9 Exploin Anodzinq oh Ad
Tt is also protective Cooting
type o orgonte Cootthg where Surjace
Joyer O the metal Suy}oce ?5 Gonverted nto the
Compound by ChemiCal 0Y elecro Chemal eaction
s_which forms an borr?evs betwe en Undryn
metal 6uThace and CoOS!on environment
Co+hode
Poode
(Alumnum)

Chvomtc Pcto
RajgurD EXAM GOLD
 Tn onod: zing o atomintum t 1S cleoned deg ve
ed and polShed and tolken 0s the onode ?a
electolytic cell ond S ?mneySed on
ele ctrotyte ConSGHAg oh S-10 o chromiC
actd here as the 'steel or Coppe has been
ta ken as Cothode wb:Ch t {5 olso mmerSed
Chromic ocid Soluton
Tke tem perotuYe is mointoined O} 3sc
ad TYert densty o} lo0 Ac? or move is
appled to the meto! wJbtch oxi d'seS AJ to Al,0,
depo?sted over the metal the anodzing 9

thto ond Compoct Joyer o Alao Poiunm oxtde

Over the metal
USes
Jobb?eS escal otoTS, StofrCaSe Soop bobxes
Ond THo Crrters
(C Wte a note on
It 15 o0 exomple d} di jeventol oeroton

Pstiog CovYOSOA OcCUrS when Srnall po1HCles

:ke 'dust, mud qet depotsted netal

Sunhoce.povton O the metoal Covered by-the dust

xThe
CY ovthey portcles 19 less aeated ord octs
O8 onode
* The another poron Oh the metal 15 exposcd o
the oXygen which aS o5 Cthode.
CorTOSIon tokes place ot the povtion belou
dust and a Soal pit S jomed
,Jhe sthe Yote o! CovOSon focrea ses due
Snoll acod:c Qve0 Oro lange Cathod:e

CIIOD MAXE io
 E

DTE

DUSt

D?4

Port -B
A Wht one Pon 5e lec4ive t electrodes 9DisCUSS
the
Gngtucton oh qloss electrocle Dert ve on
expressin tor qlo'ss electrode potettal.
Tons which Sele ctiv ly detects and Ouontito
-vely measures ions o a Sclu+on The ele Ctrode
6oluton Selects tonS by negle c+ien othet
fons en a Solut'on S Caled on se le ctve
efe ct Todes
Ex: GosS eleCrode

GloSS t0be

Aq - Pgc electyooe
Gloss mem bona

H lorn Solutan

Tnital Sted. So InJ=Ci

Exdesnol std Soln H=Ca

H + No H* + NaT
Soln GloSS mem broe
MEmbroc
RajyureEXAM GOLD
Accovdng to Nerns+
E F° + 2.303 RT

E- EsHE 2. 303 RT Jog Ci

E EsE + 2.303 RT Joq, Ca

nF

Es os bourdory pot
Eb =E-E,
= Po303RT Jog Ca - 2.303 RT Jog C
CiS total Std.Solr
2 2.303 RT Jog CotL - 0
L=-2,303 RT Jog C
But potenttal o} ele Ctrode
EG E,+ Epg iegcl-Erom0
Ea 303 R Jo9 Ce t Eaq egca +L
When C= C2 ’ E= EpEb=0

But to atua prottce when G= Ca

Extro pot RS qenerated due to Qgsy nature of

memboe
Con be mod:}:ed os

ond Ove onStantS

nF
 TOT, APS

CLA
DLL DAT

G1S H*J in ext Solo

' 4 be comeS
E E a -2.303 Rrx pH
nE
n R= 8.34 KS T-298k F:96Soo c

at 298 K

What iS qolvoniC CorvoS?0n 9 Explan wt

example
DshUcfon of the obec+ by two djevent
metal5 due to Chem?Cal or electroChemiCal ttocl

Whentuo dssoflar netalS are n Cbntoct wth

eoch othevs, -the metal wit kouwes electvode pote
-fad becornes ondtc and Underqce s Corr05?on
r where theonother retal wtth higher electrode
potenta be comes Cothodte wh:ch doesn't Undergo
CooSon,
The vote o CoTY0S1on deperds moinly on the
d'hherence ?n potenfiol between tuo rne tals
Hgher the d'hhexence joster the mote o} Corro5ton
ExBo ats RoysterS ) Steetptes

Potentometry i
Potestome thy ss on ele ctrochernicol technfque
fo whiCh theomount o 0 SUbstonce tn a
Soluton 15 determtned by measurinq Chônge in
potent'a!
Prtnctple2
Redo ftrotions Canbe Coted out
potuntometrtCaly Ustog plottnu m Calornel
Rajzur EXAM GOLD
electrode Combinotfon n 0 monner Sim lay to
octd bose neutro l zoton.
The Dotental 5 q?ven byi
E= E +0.OS91 oxdZed form
Peduced o7m
E= E°t 0.059L Fe
Fet
where E :9 he Stondord potenta o) System
The potertal oh the System is Controlled by
the roto Concentrotoo o) the oxd:zed ond
yeduced toxng
Lostromentoton:
Potentometer.

TtYon t

Rejererte electrode
Todotoy eletrode
5+YYer

Bnolyte
Potento meter Con61Sts ot o eseereNce cle C+rode oo
lodi cotoY plectrode ond a potentia) ereasuring devtce
the fndtcotoy electrgde responds to the Chonges.
fo Concetrot'on o analyte Ay emt s measUred
ot eoch tme when t4rant 15 odded tthe
Rocremeots oh 0.5md o a known Volume o
anolyte taken fo a bea ker,
A+ eQU?Va lence pofot o, nCreo Ses opfdly and o
fe Yeodnqs are to ken beypnd the end poiot
Explotrn the theory and tnstymentaton o<
Cooductomttry
 Conductometric tetrotionS:
Conductometry ss on alecto ChermiCal method o
Onolys based on he sesistonce oj a electolyiC
Solutioo
Princples
AccorcBng, to ohm's Jow, Coent ) oufng în o
onductometer i5 d'secty proparttonal to emt ard
nveraly poportonal tÏ vesistoace (R)

R
Conductance ; Recproco) oYeststance S Caled
Cooductonce thot 5 CeL
Uots o Setmen
Specisc otuctance: tis de_ined as he CordyC
-dooce o the Atoon present between two porollel
Cle ctodes o Cm amea of rosS Sectton ond one Cm

R a

Conductr

Cm

plotfoum ele ctrode

Oxco of Cro55 - GecHon placed Uott d:Stonce

Rajrur EXAM GOLD
aport
The electrodes ore d'pped n electolyte obion
tolcen o obeo ker.
k T+ 'S Conne cte d to 0 Conductonce meosuttng
devi Ce
The ttzent 5 odded hrom the bure te and the
Solyton 1S SttTred
kThe Cooductonce S measUved a}ter the add'on
O the tttront at ioteva ls o 0.5 ml