MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254 9967 (Cebu)
Review Module –Steel Design – Compression Members (ASD/LRFD)
EFFECTIVE SLENDERNESS RATIO, SR
𝐾𝑙 1. Compute the effective slenderness ratio with respect to x – axis.
𝑆𝑅 =
𝑟 2. Compute the effective slenderness ratio with respect to y – axis.
3. Compute the Euler’s critical buckling load.
EULER’S CRITICAL BUCKLING LOAD
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2𝐸 4. Determine the shortest length for which the column would fail by
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑐𝑟 = (𝐴 ) buckling.
(𝐾𝑙) 2 (𝑆𝑅)2 𝑔

EULER’S CRITICAL BUCKLING STRESS SITUATION (November 2021 CE Board Exam)

𝜋 2𝐸 A steel column is fixed at the bottom and hinged at the top. There is no
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = sidesway. The concentric load that will cause initial buckling of a column
(𝑆𝑅)2 within the proportional limit is the Euler buckling load, Pe.
END FIXITY FACTOR / EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTOR Pe=(pi)^2*E*I/(KL)^2
Fe=(pi)^2 E/ (KL/r)^2
Slenderness ratio=L/r
Effective length factor= K=0.8

1. Determine the axial load (kN) that will cause initial buckling.
A. 1874 C. 3492
B. 5456 D. 2447

2. Determine the buckling stress (MPa)

A. 376 C. 202
B. 263 D. 587

3. Using figure MRTC-01, determine the allowable compressive load in

the column.
A. 1037 C. 1129
B. 623 D. 840
SITUATION. A rectangular column is made up of four 200 mm x 20 mm
steel plates as shown. The column is hinged at both ends (K=1.0). Given:
Fy = 345 MPa, E = 200 GPa, Proportional Limit = 300 MPa and Length= FIGURE MRTC-01
8 m. Determine the following: ALLOWABLE STRESS FOR COMPRESSION MEMBERS Fy=248 MPa
Kl/r Fa Kl/r Fa Kl/r Fa Kl/r Fa Kl/r Fa
1.The effective slenderness ratio. 1 148.70 33 136.04 65 116.63 97 92.10 129 61.89
2.The Euler’s Critical Buckling Stress 2 148.42 34 133.53 66 116.13 98 91.24 130 60.94
3.The Euler’s Critical Buckling Load. 3 148.13 35 135.01 67 115.44 99 90.37 131 60.01
4.The minimum length of the column 4 147.84 36 134.49 68 114.73 100 89.50 132 59.11
for which the proportional limit is not 5 147.53 37 133.96 69 114.03 101 88.63 133 58.22
exceeded. 6 147.22 38 133.43 70 113.31 102 87.75 134 57.33
7 146.90 39 132.89 71 112.60 103 86.96 135 56.51
8 146.55 40 132.34 72 111.67 104 85.97 136 55.66
9 146.24 41 131.79 73 111.14 105 85.07 137 54.87
10 145.80 42 131.23 74 110.41 106 84.17 138 54.08
11 145.55 43 130.87 75 109.37 107 83.26 139 53.30
SITUATION. A built-up section is used as a compression member and 12 145.19 44 130.10 76 108.93 108 82.34 140 52.54
has the following properties listed below. The 12-meter column is fixed 13 144.83 45 129.52 77 108.18 109 81.42 141 51.80
on both ends with respect to the x-axis and there is a lateral bracing 14 144.45 46 128.84 78 107.42 110 80.50 142 51.07
perpendicular to the y-axis at the mid-height of the column. The 15 144.07 47 128.35 79 106.66 111 79.56 143 50.36
proportional limit is 390 MPa and E=200GPa. Use recommended values 16 143.69 48 127.76 80 105.90 112 78.63 144 49.67
for “K”. 17 143.20 49 127.16 81 105.13 113 77.65 145 48.98
18 142.89 50 126.56 82 104.36 114 76.73 146 48.31
19 142.48 51 125.95 83 103.57 115 75.78 147 47.68
I-Beam Properties: 20 142.00 52 125.33 84 102.79 116 74.82 148 47.02
A = 22000 mm2
21 141.54 53 124.71 85 102.00 117 73.35 149 46.39
d = 730 mm
22 141.21 54 124.09 86 101.20 118 72.68 150 45.77
bf = 310 mm
23 140.77 55 123.45 87 100.40 119 71.90 151 45.17
Ix = 295 x 106 mm4
24 140.33 56 122.81 88 99.50 120 70.91 152 44.58
Iy = 30.6 x 106 mm4
25 139.88 57 122.17 89 98.78 121 69.92 153 43.99
26 139.42 58 121.52 90 97.96 122 68.92 154 43.43
27 138.95 59 120.89 91 97.14 123 67.92 155 42.67
Properties of each C-Section: 28 138.49 60 120.21 92 96.31 124 66.91 156 42.32
A = 7350 mm2 d = 380 mm 29 138.01 61 119.54 93 95.48 125 65.89 157 41.78
tw = 15 mm x = 24 mm 30 137.53 62 118.87 94 94.64 126 64.87 158 41.25
Ix = 65 x 106 mm4 Iy = 5.08 x 106 mm4 31 137.04 63 118.19 95 93.80 127 63.85 159 40.74
32 136.54 64 117.51 96 92.95 128 62.86 160 40.23
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254 9967 (Cebu)
Review Module –Steel Design – Compression Members (ASD/LRFD)

NSCP 2015 (ASD & LRFD) SITUATION.

SECTION 505 – DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMPRESSION
Design Compressive Strength
Allowable Compressive Strength
A wide flange is used as a column. With respect to the strong axis, the
column is pinned at both ends. With respect to the weak axis, the column
𝜙𝑐 𝑃𝑛 has lateral bracings as shown. Use A992 Steel (Fy = 50 ksi)
𝑃𝑛
Ω𝑐

𝜙𝑐 = 0.9 (𝐿𝑅𝐹𝐷) Ω𝑐 = 1.67 (𝐴𝑆𝐷)

505.3 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF FLEXURAL BUCKLING OF

MEMBERS WITHOUT SLENDER ELEMENTS
The nominal compressive strength, Pn, shall be determined based on the
limit state of flexural buckling.

𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔 (𝟓𝟎𝟓. 𝟑. 𝟏)

The Flexural buckling stress, Fcr, is determined as follows:

kL E
1. When  4.71 or (Fe  0.44Fy )
r Fy
𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = [0.658 𝐹𝑒 ] 𝐹𝑦 (𝟓𝟎𝟓. 𝟑 − 𝟐) Using recommended values for “K”, determine the following:
1. Critical slenderness ratio
2. The allowable axial stress
kL E 3. The capacity of the column section for both ASD and LRFD.
2. When  4.71 or (Fe  0.44Fy )
r Fy
SITUATION.
An axial dead load of 600 kN and live load of 1900 kN is to be carried by
a steel column W14x90. The column is 9m long and is pinned at the top
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877𝐹𝑒 (𝟓𝟎𝟓. 𝟑 − 𝟑)
and bottom in both axes. Additional support has been added with lateral
and torsional bracing about the y-axis and midpoint respectively. Using
Where:
NSCP 2015, determine the adequacy of the column section given
Fe = Elastic Critical buckling stress determined according to Eq.
Fy=345 MPa.
505.3-4, Section 505.4, or the provisions of Section 503.2, as
applicable, MPa.
𝜋 2𝐸
𝐹𝑒 = (𝟓𝟎𝟓. 𝟑 − 𝟒) L=9.0m
(𝐾𝑙/𝑟)2
DL=600 kN
502.8.1 For members whose design is based on compressive force, the LL=1900 kN
slenderness ratio 𝐾𝑙/𝑟 preferably should NOT exceed 200. If this limit
is exceeded, the allowable stress shall NOT exceed the value obtained Properties of W14x90
from Equation (505-2). A=17097 mm2
Ix=415.8x106 mm4
SITUATION. Iy=150.7x106 mm4
A column section is formed by welding two channel sections at the tip of Fy=345 MPa
their flanges. Both ends of the column are pin connected and there are
no lateral bracings in the weaker axis. Use A36 Steel, E=200GPa and
proportional limit of 300MPa. Use NSCP 2015

Properties of one channel:

A = 4529 mm2 d = 229mm
tf = 14mm tw = 10mm
bf = 87 mm

Ix = 35.4x106 mm4 rx = 88.4 mm

Iy = 3.0x106 mm4 ry = 25.6 mm

Distance from the back of the web to the y-axis

x = 24.9 mm

1. Determine the minimum radius of gyration.

2. If the column length is 6m, determine the allowable axial capacity of
the compression member with Ω𝑐 = 1.67
3. If the column length is 6m, determine the design axial capacity of
the compression member with 𝜙𝑐 = 0.9.
4. If the length is increased to 10 meters, Determine the allowable axial
capacity of the compression member with Ω𝑐 = 1.67.