WUHUAN Job. No.

17125
WUHUAN Talcher Fertilizers Project
ENGINEERING 17125-PC10-WD-004
CO.,LTD
WORK PROCEDURE 1 of 11 Rev. 0

PWHT PROCEDURE

0 For Bidding

REV. DESCRIPTION DEGND CHEKD APPRD DATE

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 Talcher Fertilizers Project WUHUAN Job. No.17125
WUHUAN
ENGINEERING 17125-PC10-WD-004
PWHT PROCEDURE
CO.,LTD 2 of 11 Rev. 0

TABLE OF CONTENT

1. PURPOSE ........................................................................................................................................................ 3

2. SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................. 3

3. PERSONNEL ...................................................................................................................................................3

4. PREHEATING ................................................................................................................................................ 3

5. POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT ..............................................................................................................4

5.1 PREPARATION .................................................................................................................................................. 4

5.2 METHOD .............................................................................................................................................................5
5.3 ARRANGEMENT OF ELEMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 5
5.4 TEMPERATURE CONTROL ...............................................................................................................................7
5.5 THERMOCOUPLE ............................................................................................................................................... 7
5.6 THERMOCOUPLE COMPENSATING CABLE ................................................................................................. 8
5.7RECORDER ............................................................................................................................................................8
5.8 INSULATION ........................................................................................................................................................9
5.9 PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................................................................ 9

6. REPORTING ................................................................................................................................................. 10

7. SAFETY ......................................................................................................................................................... 11

8. ATTACHMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... 11

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 Talcher Fertilizers Project WUHUAN Job. No.17125
WUHUAN
ENGINEERING 17125-PC10-WD-004
PWHT PROCEDURE
CO.,LTD 3 of 11 Rev. 0

1. PURPOSE

The purpose of this procedure is to ensure that preheat and post weld heat treatment of
piping welds will be carried out correctly and in accordance with the requirements of the
applicable codes/standards and project specifications.

2. SCOPE

(1)This procedure covers the minimum requirements for preheat and post weld heat treatment
of weld joints on pipe works.(Reference to ASME B31.3 par.330 par331-2016)
(2)This procedure refers to the application of controlled heated band encompassing a
welded joint in pipes to effect a preheat or local post weld heat treatment in accordance
with the governing code of practice, specification, or drawing.

(3) In case of necessity of furnace PWHT, related procedure will be issued in advance.

3. PERSONNEL

All technician conduct preheat and post weld heat treatment activities have at least 1 year
experience in preheat and post weld heat treatment and supported by the supervisors. The
technician/operator PWHT shall witness the equipment and monitor temperature recorder.

4. PREHEATING

(1) The preheat temperatures for different materials are shown in the following table:

Pipe
Material
Thk(mm ) Preheat temp(℃)

P-No. 1 ≥25 ≥95

Carbon steel and casting in which C<0.35
P-No. 3 ≥13 ≥95
Alloy steels Cr ≤ 0.5%

P-No. 4 A335P11 all ≥120

P-No. 5A A335P22 All ≥150

(2) Preheat temperature for dissimilar material: the preheat temperature of higher alloy steel
shall be selected.

(3) Preheating shall be performed in accordance with requirements of ASME B31.3, Par. 330.

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 Talcher Fertilizers Project WUHUAN Job. No.17125
WUHUAN
ENGINEERING 17125-PC10-WD-004
PWHT PROCEDURE
CO.,LTD 4 of 11 Rev. 0

Considering WPS and project welding specification.

(4) Preheat temperature higher than those specified in ASME code may be required in order
to satisfy hardness requirements or to prevent the risk of hydrogen cold cracking
particularly in the case of highly restrained welds as required by project specification.
(5) The Preheat zone shall be at or above the specified minimum temperature in all directions
from the point of welding for distance of the larger of 75mm(3in) or 1.5 times the greater
normal thickness
(6) The weld shall be maintained at the required preheat temperature until completion of
welding operation. Minimum and maximum interpass annealing temperature limits shall
be in accordance with the approved WPS.

5. POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT

5.1 PREPARATION

(1) PWHT shall be performed after completion of welding.

(2) Prior to PWHT, contaminants such as grease, paint oil etc. on the surface of parts to be
heat treaded shall be removed.

(3) All machined surfaces and threads must be protected.

(4) Rain protection shall be installed prior to start PWHT.

(5) All the equipment and device to be used for PWHT shall be installed and calibrated.

(6) Prior to commencement of PWHT, the weldment undergoing PWHT shall be adequately
supported (where required)

(7) Check all cable connection using proper plugs sockets protect the paver cable
thermocouple cables from damage.
(8) Before the execution of PWHT, the pipe or tube end shall be closed by the use of
insulation to avoid air circulation inside the pipe.
(9) PWHT shall be done as per following table:

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 Talcher Fertilizers Project WUHUAN Job. No.17125
WUHUAN
ENGINEERING 17125-PC10-WD-004
PWHT PROCEDURE
CO.,LTD 5 of 11 Rev. 0

PWHT
Material Holding Minimum hold time(min)
Thickness (mm)
temperature ℃ ≥
P-No. 3 1 h/25mm
＞16 595–650
Alloy steels Cr ≤ 0.5% (15min, Min)

P-No. 4 1 h/25mm
＞16 650–705
A335 P11 (15min, Min)

P-No. 5A 1 h/25mm
＞16 675–760
A335 P22 (15min, Min)

(10) The heat treatment temperature of dissimilar metal shall be confirmed according to the
base metal and welding rod (wire), generally no more than the Ac1 of the base metal with
lower critical point. Refer to the following table for common steel Ac1 point:
Material Ac1 (℃ )
C-Mo steel (P-No.3） 730

P-No.4,Gr. No.1 745

P-No.4,Gr. No.2 775

P-No.5A 805

5.2 METHOD

Electrical resistance heating using modular, flexible ceramic pads, either of standard rating
and dimension or otherwise as may be necessary to suit particular weld geometry.

5.3 ARRANGEMENT OF ELEMENTS

5.3.1 General

(1)Elements shall be securely fixed in contact with the work piece with soft iron wire,
stainless steel banding tape, or mild steel banding tape to suit the application.

(2)Heating elements shall be thoroughly examined before use in order to ensure that the
element wire is not exposed. Examination to be made for broken beads in either the pad or
the leads.

(3)Where elements are manufactured with cold tails, care should be taken to avoid trapping
the cold tail and power supply cable between the work piece and the insulation. Element

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 Talcher Fertilizers Project WUHUAN Job. No.17125
WUHUAN
ENGINEERING 17125-PC10-WD-004
PWHT PROCEDURE
CO.,LTD 6 of 11 Rev. 0

tails should be adequately supported to avoid undue strain at the element tail junctions and
at the hot cold tail junction.
5.3.2 Element arrangement

(1)For pipe to pipe butt welds, where the members are equal thickness, the heating elements
shall be applied symmetrically about the weld centerline, either as one or more discrete
bands.

(2)Each band will comprise pads of equal width, and the same nominal heating intensity.

(3)Heat width is required as follows, counting from the weld ' center, each side' width shall be
not less than 3 times of the pipe wall thickness , and not less than 60mm .

(4)Where more than one band of elements is applied, the circumferential gap between bands
shall be limited to a maximum of 30mm or the pipe wall thickness, whichever is lesser.

(5)Longitudinal gaps between individual elements shall be limited to a maximum of 50mm or

the pipe wall thickness, whichever is the lesser.

(6)For a heating system, which comprises more than one circumferential band, the heater pads
in adjacent bands shall be rotated one quarter of a pad width with respect to each other.

(7)Where the wall thickness of the two pipe members differ, or for pipe to flange joints, the
elements shall be arranged as a minimum of two circumferential bands, such as to provide
independently controllable heating systems on each side of the weld center line.

(8) During heat treatment it is necessary to protect the mechanical surface line flange face, and
thread holes threads from oxidation by the application of coating such as deoxaminite or
any other suitable coating material.

T:The pipe wall thickness

A:Heating width min 3T and not less than 60mm

B:plus insulation width min 3T and not less than 100mm.

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 Talcher Fertilizers Project WUHUAN Job. No.17125
WUHUAN
ENGINEERING 17125-PC10-WD-004
PWHT PROCEDURE
CO.,LTD 7 of 11 Rev. 0

5.4 TEMPERATURE CONTROL

Each circuit heating elements shall be controlled by a contractor. In turn this circuit shall be
controlled by one of the following system:

(1)Semi automatic control using a combination of a set point controller and a percentage
time/energy regulator. The set point temperature controller shall be employed to ensure the
correct temperature control during the soaking period.

(2)An automatic pre-set program control unit to control automatically the heat treatment
throughout the cycle.

(3)No single control zone will comprise more than four heating elements. All elements in one
control circuit shall have the same nominal power density rating (watt/m2).

5.5 THERMOCOUPLE

(1) Thermocouple shall be made from Nickel-Chromium/Nickel-Aluminum wire to BS1041,

Part IV or equivalent. Thermocouples with manufacturer's certificate of compliance to
national standard limits or have calibration check by independent calibration agency .

(2) Thermocouples shall be attached to the work piece by the direct wire capacitance
discharge method. The gap between to wire/work piece junction shall not exceed 5mm.

(3) After removal of the thermocouples, remain shall be slightly grained and shall be
examined by PT or MT if required by owner.

(4) Care shall be taken to ensure that thermocouple conductor wires do not touch each other,
or metallic components and away from the hot junction.

(5) Whenever possible, thermocouple shall not be located under a heating pad; thermocouple
shall be routed between heating pads or out through the insulation to avoid close contact
with the heating pads.

(6) The uncoated bare tip of the thermocouples shall not be touched by heating pads and shall
be covered by putty or insulation.

(7) The thermocouples shall be set on weld centerline. The number of thermocouple and
position shall be as detailed in following figure.

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 Talcher Fertilizers Project WUHUAN Job. No.17125
WUHUAN
ENGINEERING 17125-PC10-WD-004
PWHT PROCEDURE
CO.,LTD 8 of 11 Rev. 0

(1)

(6) (2)

(5) (3)

(4)

Note:
 For D ≤10＂, T/c (1) is required.
 For 10＂ < D  24＂, T/c (1) and (4) are required
 For 24＂ < D 36＂, T/c (1), (3) and (5) are required
 For D > 36 ＂ ,Min 4 thermocouples but not more than 38 ＂ apart. T/c (1), (2), (4)
and (6) are required.

5.6 THERMOCOUPLE COMPENSATING CABLE

(1)Copper/Constantan compensating cable shall be used for extension of the thermocouple to

the recording instrument.

(2)The copper lead (+ve) shall be connected to the nickel-chromium conductor of the
thermocouple (non-magnetic), and the constantan lead (-ve) shall be connected to the
nickel-chromium conductors (magnetic).

5.7RECORDER

(1)Temperature recorders shall be of the potential metric self-compensating type, calibrated in

degrees Celsius with respect to a nickel-chromium/nickel-aluminum thermocouple, type
“K”. (2)Temperature recorders shall be calibrated at interval not exceeding 1 year . and
current calibration sticker shall be maintained on the recorder. The calibrations shall be
certified by a qualified independent calibration agency .

(3)The chart speed shall be set at 25mm/h or other agreed standard and shall be checked

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 Talcher Fertilizers Project WUHUAN Job. No.17125
WUHUAN
ENGINEERING 17125-PC10-WD-004
PWHT PROCEDURE
CO.,LTD 9 of 11 Rev. 0

during calibration. No artificial restriction on pen travel shall be used.

(4)Recorder pen shall have different color inks to distinguish temperature recording for each
heat zone .

5.8 INSULATION

(1) Ceramic fiber blanket, 25 or 50mm thick or equivalent material shall be provided for
insulation. The use of asbestos-type insulating material is not allowed.

(2) The width of the insulated bands shall be minimum heating band plus minimum 3 times
of the pipe wall thickness or 100mm,which even is greater to reduce the temperature
gradient.

(3) The number of layers may be adjusted to meet the variations of wall thickness, pipe
diameter, gradient requirements and site conditions.

(4) Wherever possible, pipe end shall be blanked off internally before heat treatment to limit
convection effects.

5.9 PROCEDURE

(1) All weld parts of the item/spools shall be completely welded before heat treatment.

(2) Not more than 6 weld joints shall be treated in one time (one chart).

(3) Related ISO drawing and PWHT request of the weld subject to PWHT shall be available
at location all the time for OWNER review.

(4) PWHT shall be performed in accordance with requirements of ASME B31.3, section
331.and project specification .

(5) Above 300°c,the rate of heating and cooling shall not exceed 335°c/h divided by one-half
the maximum material thickness in inches, but in no case shall the rate exceed 335°c/h.

(6) Below 300°c, the heat treated assembly may be cool to ambient temperature in still air.

(7) During heating and cooling the temperature difference between thermocouples in the
same weld shall not exceed 65°c

(8) The soaking temperature and soaking time shall be compliance with those required in

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 Talcher Fertilizers Project WUHUAN Job. No.17125
WUHUAN
ENGINEERING 17125-PC10-WD-004
PWHT PROCEDURE
CO.,LTD 10 of 11 Rev. 0

applicable codes and project specification

(9) In no case shall the process be paused. During the cooling cycle, any interruption will be
cause of rejection and whole process shall be restarted.

(10)Before starting PWHT WUHUAN QC inspector shall check all requirements.

(11) After PWHT the QC inspector shall check

a. Check the PWHT chart in accordance with PWHT specification

b. Ensure operator sign the chart with date shown

c. Visual check for possible deformation and loss of identification

(12)Hardness tests are not required to verify proper heat treatment unless otherwise specified.

(13)After the heat treatment is completed , thermocouple shall be removed and surface at the
point of attachment need to be slightly grained , PT/MT shall be performed on such
procedure

(14)No PWHT or neighboring warming shall be performed on austenitic stainless steel

material or component.

(15)No welding or heating will be performed after final PWHT.

(16)NDT shall be done 24 hours after PWHT.

6. REPORTING

(1) Reporting and recording of results shall be in accordance with relevant procedures and
recorded on PWHT Report .

(2) The chart shall be submitted to owner/PMC for review and approval.

(3) The PWHT temperature record shall have the following data recorded on the chart:
 Heat treatment temperature
 thermocouple location and related color.
 Line number
 Joint number
 Heating, soaking and cooling data
 Material

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 Talcher Fertilizers Project WUHUAN Job. No.17125
WUHUAN
ENGINEERING 17125-PC10-WD-004
PWHT PROCEDURE
CO.,LTD 11 of 11 Rev. 0

 Date and time start and end of heat cycle

 Chart speed
 Name and signature of technician and inspection personal

7. SAFETY

(1) All tools and equipment for the task are to be in safe condition and fit for the purpose.
Where possible registration papers and certification are to be produced.

(2) Dust masks and safety glasses shall be worn when working with thermal insulation.

(3) Provide the fire extinguisher .

8. ATTACHMENTS

(1) PWHT Request

(2) PWHT Report

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 Project: Talcher Fertilizers Project
Quality Control Form
Client: Talcher Fertilizers Limited

Project:17125 Unit: Subject:

PWHT REQUEST Base Standard: ASME B31.3
Sub-Contractor: Request No.:
PWHT Company: Hardness Type:
ISO No.: Loading temp(ºC):
Pipeline No.: Unloading temp(ºC):

Joint Material Heating Holding Holding Cooling

Welder No. Desc
No. Grade Spec rate(ºC/h) Temp.(ºC) Time(min) Rate(ºC/h)

Sub Contractor: EPC Contractor: PWHT Company:

REP:
Date: Date: Date:

1 of 1
 Talcher Fertilizers Project

Post Weld Heat Treatment Report

Client : Request No. :

Manufacturer : Report No. :

Location : SITE Date :

Specification: Page : OF

Procedure No. : START TIME FINISH TIME

Code/Standard :

Recorder serial No : Recorder calibration expire date:

PWHT Required Actual

Holding Temperature:

Holding Time:

Heating Rate:

Cooling Rate:

THK (mm) Thermocouple Result

Material Dia
Row Pipeline No. / ID No. JOINT ChartNo Remark
Class (in)
1 2 no colour Acc Rej

1 P

TOTAL

NDE COMPANY WUHUAN OWNER

Name: Name: Name:
Level : Level :
Sign: Sign: Sign:
Date : 0 Jan 1900 Date : Date :