CEE-CoE-KFU

CEE310
Structural Analysis

Fundamentals
✓Idealized Structures, One-way and two-way slab action, Tributary area, Load distribution
✓Principal of Superposition
✓Equations of equilibrium, Determinacy, Indeterminacy, and Stability
✓Application of Equilibrium Equations
✓Structural design, Concept of the force envelope
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Syllabus

2 : Fundamentals

❖ Idealized Structures, One-way and two-way slab action, Tributary

area, Load distribution

❖ Principal of Superposition

❖ Equations of equilibrium, Determinacy, Indeterminacy, and Stability,

Application of Equilibrium Equations

❖ Structural design, Concept of the force envelope

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Idealized Structure

Modeling or Idealization of a structure for force analysis

In the real sense, an exact analysis of a structure can never be carried out,
since estimates always have to be made of the loadings and the strength of the
materials composing the structure. Furthermore, points of application for the
loadings must also be estimated. It is important, therefore, that the structural
engineer develop the ability to model or idealize a structure to perform a
practical force analysis of the structural members. For this sake, basic
techniques will be developed in this section.
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Idealized Structure
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Idealized Structure

Support Connections (actual)

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Idealized Structure

Support Connections (actual)

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Idealized Structure

Support Connections (actual)

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Idealized Structure

Support Connections (actual)

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Idealized Structure

Support Connections (actual)

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Idealized Structure

Support Connections (actual)

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Idealized Structure

Support Connections (idealized)

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Idealized Structure

Support Connections (idealized)

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Idealized Structure

Support Connections (idealized)

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Idealized Structure

Supports connections for actual beam and idealized beam

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Idealized Structure

Actual beam and idealized beam

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Idealized Structure

Supports connections in actual structures

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Idealized Structure

Supports connections in actual structures

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Idealized Structure

Supports connections in actual structures

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Idealized Structure

Supports connection Idealized Models

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Idealized Structure

Supports connection Idealized Models

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Idealized Structure

Actual structures and idealized structures

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Idealized Structure

Actual structures and idealized structures

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Idealized Structure

Actual structures and idealized structures – next page

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Idealized Structure

Actual structures and idealized structures

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Idealized Structure

Actual structures and idealized structures – next page

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Idealized Structure

Actual structures and idealized structures

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Idealized Structure

Actual structures and idealized structures – next page

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Idealized Structure

Actual structures and idealized structures

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Idealized Structure

Type of support connections in actual structure

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Idealized Structure

Type of support connections in actual structure

When other members
are framing into it
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Idealized Structure

One-way action
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Idealized Structure

One-way action (tributary areas)

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Idealized Structure

Two-way action
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Idealized Structure

Two-way action (tributary areas)

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Idealized Structure

Load distribution to floor beams and girders

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Idealized Structure

An Example of one-way action

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Idealized Structure

Example 2-1
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Idealized Structure

Example 2-2
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Idealized Structure

Example 2-2 (make correction in the book)

2m

1m

2m
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Idealized Structure
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Idealized Structure

Example 2-2 (make correction in the book)

1m
2m 2m
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Principal of Superposition

✓ It can be used for simple problems having complicated l

oadings. This is done by dividing the loading into compo
nents, then algebraically adding the results.

✓ It is applicable provided the material obeys Hooke’s

Law and the deformation is small.

✓ If P = P1 + P2 and d ≈ d1 ≈ d2, then the deflection at lo

cation x is sum of two cases, δx = δx1 + δx2
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Principal of Superposition
Application of Equations of Equilibrium CEE-CoE-KFU
Equations of Equilibrium (3D) CEE-CoE-KFU

Vector Equations of Equilibrium

✓ For two conditions for equilibrium of a rigid body in vector form,

∑F = 0 ∑MO = 0

Scalar Equations of Equilibrium

✓ If all external forces and couple moments are expressed in Cartesian ve
ctor form

∑F = ∑Fxi + ∑Fyj + ∑Fzk = 0

∑MO = ∑Mxi + ∑Myj + ∑Mzk = 0

Determinacy and Stability CEE-CoE-KFU

Determinacy
✓ n represents the parts in a structure, and r force and moment reactions

r = 3n, statically determinate

r > 3n, statically indeterminate

Stability
✓ Partial and improper constraints

r < 3n, Unstable

r ≥ 3n, Unstable if member reactions are
concurrent or parallel or some of the
components form a collapsible mechanism
Determinacy and Stability CEE-CoE-KFU
Determinacy and Stability CEE-CoE-KFU
Determinacy and Stability CEE-CoE-KFU
Determinacy and Stability CEE-CoE-KFU
Determinacy and Stability CEE-CoE-KFU
Determinacy and Stability CEE-CoE-KFU
Determinacy and Stability CEE-CoE-KFU
Determinacy and Stability CEE-CoE-KFU
Determinacy and Stability CEE-CoE-KFU
Determinacy and Stability CEE-CoE-KFU
Determinacy and Stability CEE-CoE-KFU
Application of the equations of equilibrium CEE-CoE-KFU
Application of the equations of equilibrium CEE-CoE-KFU
Application of the equations of equilibrium CEE-CoE-KFU
Application of the equations of equilibrium CEE-CoE-KFU
Application of the equations of equilibrium CEE-CoE-KFU
Application of the equations of equilibrium CEE-CoE-KFU
Application of the equations of equilibrium CEE-CoE-KFU