Manual of occupational safety and health procedures in the work

environment - management of scaffolding activities and

responsibilities
 scaffolding requirements

1 the scope:

This standard is concerned with occupational safety and health requirements for each type of
scaffolding Used for building and construction purposes, industrial purposes, or other activities and the
responsibilities associated with it.

The main objective of this manual is to protect workers on scaffolding and the surrounding environment

By specifying the following:

- Safety requirements and the main responsibilities of workers.

- General requirements in the field of scaffolding (fall protection, scaffold erection, scaffold removal,
scaffold inspection, risk assessment, emergency management, maintenance inspection, training).

- Safety requirements for different types of scaffolding.

2 Standard References:

GSO 217/1994 Industrial Safety and Health Requirements - Part Six - Devices - Part Six

3 Terms and definitions:

3 scaffolding:

Any temporary platform raised off the ground whose supporting structure is used to support workers,
materials, or both.

2/3 Safety Inspector:

He is the person who is qualified to determine the list of hazards and hazards that can be predicted in
the areas surrounding the workplace or the workers or in the conditions that are considered unsafe and
that constitute a number of dangers to the workers. .

3/3 Occupational safety and health official or specialist:

He is the person entrusted with the task of following up on matters of occupational safety and health by
the employer, and he has the authority to take corrective actions and measures to control or eliminate
the risk. It may be a person completely dedicated to it; or a person assigned to him as additional duties.
In this document, an official or specialist is sometimes used together, and sometimes separately.
Sometimes occupational safety and health is used; Sometimes just safety. All of these terms fall under
this paragraph.

4/3 Technical requirements for scaffolding: Definition and interpretation of all technical requirements
and conditions related to each type of scaffolding that were defined in the guide, including the
following:

- Specific Training: Determine the type of training required from the employer
- Required Inspection: Describe all requirements related to the process of inspecting the safety of
work on scaffolding
- Required maintenance: specific and agreed maintenance procedures for each type of scaffolding

5/3 front D rings:

They are the contact points used to locate work sites (Appendix A).

6/3 D shoulder loops:

They are rings that come in the shape of D and are fixed in front of the safety belt and on the shoulders
of the worker and are used in limited applications for working conditions (Appendix A).

7/3 hooks (hook):

It is a closed D ring.

8/3 Manila ropes:

A type of rope made of natural fibers.

9/3 nominal outside diameter:

It is the outer diameter of the scaffolding tube including the thickness of the tube.

3/10 the nominal diameter:

It is the inner diameter of the scaffold tube

4/ Roles and Responsibilities:

In this part of the manual, the tasks and responsibilities of all concerned parties (employer; safety
official or specialist; safety inspector; working labor supervisor) are defined, which aim to apply
occupational safety and health requirements and conditions before, during, and after the
implementation of works to preserve the safety and health of workers and protect property from losses.
For work efficiency, coordination and communication must take place between all members of the work
team concerned with occupational safety and health affairs in order to integrate the application of
occupational safety and health procedures, each in his own jurisdiction, for the sake of the work
interest.

4/1 the employer

He is primarily responsible for the safety and health of workers and the preservation of property and the
environment.

The business owner may be partners or one person; The employer may appoint a chairman of the board
of directors, chief executive officer, general manager, or any person with another designation as
responsible for managing the affairs of the establishment, and thus this person is primarily responsible
for the safety and health of workers and the preservation of property and the environment, and the
representative of the employer. One of the most important responsibilities of the business owner is to
ensure that:

A- Supervising work sites by employing qualified specialists (safety inspector - general supervisor of work
at the site, etc.).

b- Assess the risks at the work site before starting work and ensure that preventive measures are put in
place to control them.
c - Ensure that plans are drawn up and implemented to qualify and train workers to work on scaffolding
and not allow unqualified people to work on them.

d- Ensuring the availability of emergency and rescue plans for working on scaffolds in emergency cases,
and training workers on them.

e- Ensure that the necessary measures are taken for the safety and health of workers and the
preservation of property and the environment, as well as for the safety and health of visitors and
passers-by at or near work sites.

f- Ensure that plans and procedures are put in place to ensure that work on scaffolds is not allowed
when weather conditions are not suitable such as heavy rain; Strong winds, dust storms, and more.

G- Provide personal protective equipment and tools suitable for working on scaffolds.

h- Ensure that necessary maintenance plans are drawn up and carried out for scaffolding.

I - Other procedures for the safety and health of workers and the preservation of property and the
environment.

4/2 Occupational Safety and Health Officer or Specialist Among the tasks that the occupational safety
and health official or specialist must perform are:

A- Evaluate the risks at the work site before starting work, and put in place preventive measures to
control them.

b- Supervising work sites and developing the necessary plans for the safety and health of workers.

C- Developing various risk management plans and emergency and rescue plans for working on scaffolds
and training workers on them.
d- has the authority to stop work on scaffolding when weather conditions are not suitable such as heavy
rain; Strong wind; Dust storms and more.

e- Ensure compliance with all types of scaffolding maintenance; Ensure that there is evidence of
maintenance, such as the adhesives attached to the scaffolding and other procedures.

f- Provide checklists for scaffolding and use and keep them for one year.

G- Participate in identifying suitable locations for storing scaffolding equipment and tools.

h- Developing procedures that prevent the use of scaffolding unless it is confirmed to be safe.

I - Develop follow-up, control, inspection and maintenance models for scaffolding.

J - Stop works that may pose a threat to the lives of workers directly, and put in place and take
appropriate corrective measures, and not allow the work to be completed until after compliance with it.

4/3 safety inspector

Among the tasks that the safety inspector must perform are:

A- Ensure the safety of scaffolding equipment and tools by reviewing checklists, maintenance, and
storage methods.

b- Ensuring that workers at the site obtain the necessary work permits.

c- Supervise the installation of scaffolding at the work site and ensure safety requirements during work
to ensure that it can bear the expected loads and be resistant to any weather condition, with all
necessary barriers in place to prevent materials or equipment from falling off the scaffolding.

D- Ensuring the qualification of workers and their access to training courses appropriate to the nature of
work.

e- Ensure the availability of personal protective equipment suitable for working on scaffolds and using
them during work.
f- Inspect the condition of the scaffolding and its components before each work shift, and count every
accident or accident that may have occurred, and ensure the safety of its parts.

G- Ensure that the area around the scaffolding is secured with tapes, warning signs, and protective
barriers to ensure the safety of traffic around or under it.

h- Record all safety observations of the workers at the site or the area surrounding the work and work to
correct them.

I- Stop works that may directly pose a threat to the lives of workers, put in place appropriate corrective
measures, and do not allow the work to be completed until after compliance with it.

J- Follow the plans set by all safety officials or specialists.

4/4 Work or site supervisor:

Among the tasks that the work or site supervisor must perform are:

A- Obtaining the necessary work permits before working on scaffolding.

b- Review the risks that the worker may be exposed to during work and provide him with personal
protective equipment and protection systems before starting work.

T- Ensuring the integrity of the scaffolding and examining it before commencing work.

D- Stopping work that may pose a threat to the lives of workers directly, putting appropriate corrective
measures in place, and not allowing work to be completed until after compliance with it.

C- Continuous supervision and follow-up of the works and not leaving the site until after the completion
of the works.

H- Ensure that all workers leave the site after completion of the work.
4/5 the workers:

The worker has several responsibilities that he must abide by, including:

A- Review the risks that he may be exposed to while working with (a safety official or specialist; the
supervisor; the employer's safety inspector) and discuss the means of protection related to them before
starting work.

B- Adhere to the instructions and safety requirements when working on scaffolding or when using any of
the equipment or tools while working on it.

C- Obligation to wear appropriate personal protective equipment to work on scaffolding before starting
work.

d- Preserving his personal safety and the safety of those working with him.

E- Reporting directly to the safety inspector or the employer about any failure to apply safety
regulations, failure to provide personal safety tools and equipment, or any unsafe conditions at the site.

F- Inform the employer of any chronic diseases or health problems he suffers from.

G- Ensuring cleanliness and order at the work site during the implementation of the works and after
implementation.

5 General provisions for scaffolding:

5/1 Fall protection requirements for all types of scaffolding:

Work on scaffolding is accompanied by many risks of falling, which necessitate the use of plans, means,
and equipment to protect workers as appropriate. Real life is full of examples in which scaffolding is
used as a method of getting work done, such as pouring concrete masonry, painting, electrical and
plumbing installations and some loading, unloading and stacking works; And other works in which
scaffolding will be used. And the owner of these works are different risks. It is necessary for those who
use the scaffolding at the time to pay attention to IT and who recesses and holes (including skylights);
stepped ceilings; leading edges; sharp surfaces; the presence of pits; the width and levelness of the
passages; and so on. Therefore, this section will address the basic requirements that must be done and
provided in the event that scaffolding is used in various workplaces.

5/1/1 Fall protection equipment:

Employers must provide fall protection equipment for each worker working on scaffolds of more than
1.80 meters depending on the type of scaffold as shown in Appendix B.
5/1/2 Specialized rescue equipment in case of a fall:

It is the intervention and rescue equipment that can be used by trained personnel to deal with
emergency situations to facilitate the process of rescuing the injured by lifting them up or lowering them
to safe places without exposing the rescuers to danger. This equipment usually consists of a hook, rope
traction wheel, and rope-cutting shears. When selecting specialized rescue equipment, the following
must be taken into account:

A- Providing ropes of appropriate lengths

B- The equipment should provide the ability to lift the injured person up or down.

C- Provide such equipment throughout the work period

D- The presence of trained personnel and rescue equipment at all times of work

E- The equipment is suitable under all different climatic conditions

5/1/2/1 The safety official or specialist must specify safety measures for working on scaffolding during
construction erectionon, dismantling, support or other use of scaffolding by:

A- Maintain a safe distance from the edge of the scaffold (edge protection).

B- Availability of barriers, such as anti-slip panels or protective nets, to prevent people or things from
sliding down.

C- Securing parts of the scaffolding next to the structural structure, such as tying the scaffolds well to
the building.

D- Ensure that there are no dolls, bodies, or uninsured persons.

E- Creating a safe exclusion zone under the scaffolding.

F - Falling equipment shall be inspected by each use by a competent and knowledgeable party at least
every six months and in accordance with the manufacturer's directions. With the necessity of keeping a
record of inspections for a period of not less than six months.

5/1/3 Fall Protection Plan:

The site safety official or specialist is required to make a written fall protection plan at work sites.
Personnel working on scaffolding must wear fall protection equipment. The safety official or specialist
must follow up on this by evaluating the work plans on an ongoing basis. The fall protection plan must
address the following elements:
A- Risks of falling from the roof

B- Methods of protection from above for workers at the work site, passers-by or visitors.

C- Determination of fall prevention systems such as seat belts and accessories.

D- Methods of assembling and disassembling equipment and machinery, including maintenance,

inspection and training of workers thereon.

E- Determine how to handle, store and secure tools and materials, including dangerous ones.

F- The (rescue) plan and work in emergency situations.

G- Securing parts of the scaffolding next to the structural structure, such as tying the scaffolds well to
the building.

H- Ensure that there are no dolls, bodies, or uninsured persons.

I- Creating a safe exclusion zone under the scaffolding.

J - Falling equipment shall be inspected by each use by a competent and knowledgeable party at least
every six months and in accordance with the manufacturer's directions. With the necessity of keeping a
record of inspections for a period of not less than six months.

5/1/3 Fall Protection Plan

The site safety official or specialist is required to make a written fall protection plan at work sites.
Personnel working on scaffolding must wear fall protection equipment. The safety official or specialist
must follow up on this by evaluating the work plans on an ongoing basis. This should be covered by the
protection plan

The following items fall off:

A- Risks of falling from the roof

B- Methods of protection from above for workers at the work site, passers-by or visitors.

T- Determination of fall prevention systems such as seat belts and accessories.

D- Methods of assembling and disassembling equipment and machinery, including maintenance,

inspection and training of workers thereon.

C- Determine how to handle, store and secure tools and materials, including dangerous ones.

H- The (rescue) plan and work in emergency situations.

G- The period of time for reviewing the plan by supervisors as well as workers periodically.
D- The signature of the person responsible for developing the plan for protection from falling into the
plan.

Y- Determine the operations of repairing fall protection equipment.

In addition, a training course for workers on protection from falling from above must be held, and the
names and signatures of those attending the training course must be documented. Also take notes as
needed.

5/1/3 for high places; The safety official or specialist should take care to work on

Elevations in the fall protection plan through:

A- Avoid working at heights as much as possible.

b- Prevent objects from falling from above.

T- Giving priority to collective protection over individual protection.

D- Reducing the distance and the consequences of falling

5/2 Requirements for designing and erecting scaffolding

A- The classification of scaffolds in terms of load is as follows:

- Light loads 122 kg / m2

- MIDDLE loads 244 kg / m2

- Heavy loads 366 kg / m2

b- Each scaffold must be designed to bear at least four times the load of the worker and materials.

C- Scaffolding shall be designed by a professional engineer in the following cases:

- The elevated hanging scaffolding.

- Fixed scaffolding if it is higher than 18.3 m

- Metal scaffolding of pipes and connections higher than 38 m.

- Mobile scaffolds that have workers.

D- The scaffolding passages must be of a width that allows the worker to safely pass over them without
falling. These passages must also be surrounded by barriers, especially at heights exceeding 1.3 meters
from the ground level.
E- All skylights in exposed ceilings must be surrounded by side barriers to prevent people or things from
falling from them.

F- Those working on scaffolding must be equipped with protective belts.

G- Strong umbrellas must be built over the passages to protect those passing under them or those
working in them from the danger of falling things.

H- It is forbidden to install and adjust scaffolding except by specialists who are qualified for this work.

I- It is prohibited to build and install scaffolding on barrels and stacks so that they are not subject to
collapse.

J- The protective barriers must be made of wood, pipes or iron angles. It consists of an upper barrier, the
height of which is not less than 0.97 to 1.2 meters, and a horizontal middle barrier located in the middle
of the distance between the upper barrier and the floor of the platform.

K- The protective barriers must be installed on vertical columns or pillars, and these pillars must be
spaced equal distances from each other, so that the length of each distance does not exceed 2.44
meters.

L- These barriers must be of sufficient strength so that any point in them and in any direction can bear
no less than 45.5 kg.

M- The scaffolding platforms must be provided with beams or foot barriers that are fixed on the sides
and edges of the platform floor to prevent the tools and materials from falling off, and the minimum
height of these barriers is 0.1 meters.

N- Means of approaching and reaching the scaffold:

1. Escalators are not allowed to be used if the platform height exceeds 3.7 meters; In the case of using
escalators, a distance of at least 0.9 meters (90 cm) should be left above the platform.

2. fixed ladders; It is preferable to use it in scaffolding whose height exceeds 3.7 meters, and it must be
taken into account that a step is made every 9 meters.

O- The scaffold must be attached to the building or to any steel structure in the event that the height of
the scaffold is more than four times the dimensions of its base. Among the most important safety
requirements are:

1. The strength and durability of any scaffolding depends on the base, and most of the scaffolding
collapse accidents are due to the weakness of the base, so attention must be paid to the strength and
durability of the base.

2. Metal plates must be installed under the legs of the scaffolding for the strength of its fixation.

3. The scaffolding shall be attached to the building at distances not exceeding 9 meters horizontally and
7.9 meters vertically.

4. Means of protection against falling from scaffolding of more than 3 meters height must be provided.
5. The scaffolding shall not be allowed to be painted with any paint that may hide or cover any defects in
the planks.

6. The storage of materials, raw materials and tools on the scaffolds must not be allowed, and the
scaffolds must be cleared of these materials at the end of each work shift.

7 . A distance must be left between the scaffolding and the power lines if the current is greater than 300
volts, not less than 1.3 meters.

8. In the case of suspended scaffolding, the tie ropes must bear 6 times of the total load of the scaffold
in addition to its own weight.

P- The specifications of the scaffolding components should be as follows:

- The wooden barriers are 5.08 x 10.16 cm.

- Metal barriers or iron tubes 0.178 x 2.54 cm

- The protection net between the upper and half barriers and the lower protection barrier measuring
8 N- 4 .2 cm.

- The pipes used for supports and anchors must be 5.08 cm in outer diameter

- Dimensions of wooden pallets from 3.8 x 22.5 to 25.4 x 5.08 cm and a maximum length of 4 m.

- Metal (iron) pallets made of aluminum are used in high-temperature workplaces to avoid ignition.

5/2/1 General protection requirements for the use of tower scaffolding are:

A- The scaffolding worker is required to have at least a training course in working on scaffolding in tall
buildings.

B- It is forbidden to use tower scaffolding in strong winds and unfavorable weather.

C- It is prohibited to use tower scaffolding as a support for ladders, as load-bearing bases, or as a

connector for other equipment.

D- It is prohibited to use tower scaffolding if it is found to be broken, damaged, or missing one of its
parts.

E- It is prohibited to use any components that are not compatible with tower scaffolding.

5/2/2 General protection requirements for the use of scaffolding near water:

A- A statement of weather and sea conditions must be obtained on a daily basis and all workers on the
site should be notified thereof.

B- Adequate lighting must be provided in all work platforms located near the water.
C - Adequate protective clothing and equipment must be provided and worn for the work to be
performed.

D - A sufficient number of rescuers must be provided according to the nature and distribution of work.

E- A first aider trained in the artificial respiration process must be available and has the necessary
knowledge and experience in rescue operations and treatment of drowning cases.

F- The work must be carried out by at least two people together so that a person is present to sound the
alarm (using a rubble torch to call for help).

G- It requires work in conditions of continuous high humidity, as in work near water. Maintenance work
for rust detection and treatment checks must be repeated for all levers, mechanisms and equipment
adequately, unless it is designed for the knowledge of such conditions.

H- Protection barriers must be provided at all edges near the water, from which a person can fall into
the water.

I- Warning signs must be installed at all edges and barriers located near the water and placed so that
they can be seen easily by workers in the event that they approach dangerous places.

J- Workers on platforms and scaffolding must use personal protection equipment from the risk of falling,
such as safety belts and others.

5/3 Requirements for dismantling scaffolding

The following safe working practices should be adhered to, as a minimum, when dismantling scaffolding:

A- The edge guards of the scaffolding and the methods of entering and dismantling them, bearing in
mind that the scaffolding must be removed after the completion of the works, which is the last stage.

B- At the start of the dismantling, there should be a possibility of having a support not less than 043
meters wide for the jaw level that has been reached.

c- Ensure that when dismantling the scaffolding, the scaffolding platform is directly below the worker's
level; The worker shall be standing on boards whose width is not less than 2 meters.

5/3/1 Adjusting the scaffolding:

When changing or modifying the scaffolding, the following must be done as a minimum:

A- The modification procedure should be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

B- Ensure scaffolding is changed according to a pre-prepared written plan.

C- The modifications must ensure that the structural integrity of the scaffolds is not compromised.

D - that the modification be by specialists in scaffolds only.

2/3/5 Entry and Exit

Workers need to have safe access to scaffolds and when assembling and working on scaffolds, this
includes the common means of entry and exit as follows:

A- Temporary stairs or escalator systems, as they are installed before work begins.

B- permanently fixed platforms or ladders adjacent to the scaffolding; For example that are part of a
building adjacent to scaffolding operations.

C- Manual personal hoists are allowed to reach the scaffolding if it is safe.

D- The entry shall be through the floor level of an existing building that may be used if it is safe.

C - All ladders should be secured and fixed to the scaffolding to prevent them from falling or slipping.

H- The steps and thresholds of the stairs must have a rough surface that prevents slipping.

5/4 Scaffolding Inspection Requirements:

The inspection includes all parts of the scaffolding complete without exception, as the scaffolding should
be in good and working condition. In the event that one of the parts of the scaffolding is found to be in a
bad condition, work must be stopped immediately. Among the most important scaffolding inspection
requirements are:

A- The scaffold shall be inspected immediately after it is erected and before it is used.

B- It is prohibited to use any scaffold that has not been inspected according to the requirements of this
guide under any circumstances and for any reason.

C- If the examination shows that the scaffold is unfit for use, climbing on it must be prevented and used
in the necessary effective ways, and warning labels are not enough.

d- After that, maintenance should be done periodically, especially after the occurrence of accidents or
changes in weather conditions; when used frequently; and when sections or components are added,
removed or altered to the scaffold. The user shall have a scaffolding inspection/inspection log so that
the inspection work and notes made during the inspection are monitored and recorded (see Appendix H
and X).

E- The scaffold and its supporting structure must be examined by a competent person. The scaffold shall
not be used unless there is written permission and confirmation from the competent person that the
scaffold has been inspected and accordingly its use has been authorized.

F- Unauthorized access to scaffold platforms is prohibited in the event of an incomplete or

malfunctioning scaffold.
G- There should be a comprehensive reference for scaffolding inspection that can help in detection,
including the checklist.

H- There should be a so-called scaffold inspection report that includes noticing any defects that could
lead to safety and health risks. It should also include any corrective actions required.

I- A tag must be placed on the scaffold indicating that it is safe to use, or a tag indicating that it is not
safe to use, with what is known as (Tagging Scaffold), which shows the state of maintenance of the
scaffold and is often colored, and each color indicates and symbolizes a specific condition that is known
to the workers. See Appendix D.

5/4/1 It is the responsibility of the safety official or specialist, scaffold users and specialists to ensure
that all scaffolds have been inspected as follows:

- After scaffolding and before first use.

- If the scaffolding is of several floors, the completed floor must be examined before starting the
construction of the next floor.

- A visual inspection before the start of each shift (shift).

- In a period of absence from work that exceeds 7 days.

- After any weather conditions and everything that would jeopardize the safety of the installation, such
as heavy profits.

- All scaffolding should be inspected by a competent person with knowledge, training and experience
commensurate with the type and complexity of the scaffold.

5/5 Emergency management requirements

The emergency plan must be prepared so that it remains effective for the workplace. The emergency
plan should provide for emergency response, stages of evacuation, medical treatment, medical
assistance, and how to communicate with relevant authorities such as civil defense, the Ministry of
Health, the Red Crescent, and others in relation to the safety and health of workers and the
preservation of property environment in the workplace. For example, emergency contact numbers
should be displayed where they can be seen easily; Workers must be provided with information and
training on emergency procedures and first aid in the workplace. Procedures must also be tested and
scenarios and hypotheses that help train workers and understand the content of the plan must be
tested. In addition, roles should be coordinated for emergencies; The scaffolding contractor should also
consult with the main contractor who is preparing the emergency plan for the workplace; And take into
account some cases that may occur; for example collapse of scaffolding; Fall of workers, methods of
evacuation and safe rescue of the injured » Dealing with the unconscious, and so on. The plan should
also include how to safely access injured and detained workers on scaffolding.

6/5 Evaluate the general risks of using scaffolding:

The scaffolding should be designed by a qualified professional; And in an algorithmic way to ensure its
strength and stability and to assess potential risks in working on it and methods of prevention.

For more clarification on the most important potential hazards while working on scaffolding and
methods of prevention and protection against them, please refer to Appendix D.

5/6/1 Managing risks while working on scaffolding

Business risks must be managed as appropriate; and that is through:

A- Knowing what could cause harm, and the following are some requirements that help identify
potential risks:

- Determine a safe distance (according to the risk assessment) between the scaffold and the closest
point to which people or vehicles can reach due to the possibility of materials falling

- Placing a board bearing data and means of communication with the facility, and warning signs in the
workplace.

- It is necessary to consider the surrounding environment of the workplace in which the scaffolding is to
be used; Including checking ground conditions and suitability for scaffolding.

- The main technical functional requirements of the scaffold should be determined; Such as maximum
live and dead loads and reach requirements.

- Scaffolds should be inspected before, during and after use.

- Constant communication with workers and asking them about the problems they face or expect in
their workplace when building or dealing with scaffolding.

- The scaffolding should be inspected and inspected regularly », in addition to taking into account the
requirements for operation, maintenance, repair, transportation, storage, etc.

- The contractor's accident and injury records should be reviewed in general; Especially with regard to
scaffolding to avoid repeating mistakes.

- Work on scaffolding should be stopped in the event of high wind speeds causing danger or if there are
warnings from the competent authorities.

b. risk assessment:

In many cases the risks and control and prevention measures relevant to the type of work are well
known but in other cases you may need to carry out a risk assessment to determine the likelihood that
someone will be harmed, how serious the harm is and how to deal with eliminating or minimizing this.
Hazards are one of the main tasks that a safety officer or professional must work on.

C- Take risk control measures:

One of the requirements of occupational safety and health is to properly carry out occupational safety
and health tasks to eliminate risks or at least reduce them as much as possible. Risk control methods are
classified from the highest level of protection and reliability to the lowest level. This arrangement is
known as the risk control hierarchy. The first step should be considered

To them through this hierarchy the possibility of completely removing risks from the workplace. The use
of personal protective equipment is the last line of defense in this hierarchy. The following is an
explanation of this hierarchy that should be followed in order to eliminate or reduce risks:

1- Replacement: Replace hazardous materials or hazardous equipment with a safer alternative.

2 - Isolation: isolating the danger from workers, passers-by, visitors, and so on.

3 - Engineering Control: It is an attempt to reduce the risk by means of engineering ideas.

4 - Administrative control: the use of administrative controls to further control risks and reduce their
impact.

5 - The use of personal protective equipment: It is considered the last line of defense and is not, as some
believe the first line of defense to ensure the safety and health of workers.

On an ongoing basis, the preventive measures i.e., the control measures in place should be reviewed to
ensure that they are operating as planned taking into account any changes that may occur to the work
environment; and so on.

6 types of scaffolding:

There are many types of scaffolding widely used in different workplaces. there is the scaffolding of
wooden poles; Welded Tube Scaffolding; Welded Tube Scaffolding; Extension scaffolding, etc. These
types of scaffolding have occupational health and safety requirements that must be referred to in the
Gulf Standard Specification GSO 217/1994.

7 Technical requirements for scaffolding

There are general requirements that every facility or business owner using scaffolding must adhere to:

1- Every worker on the scaffolding, whatever his task, must receive adequate training suitable for the
tasks he performs in relation to the scaffolding.

2- The worker must be examined healthily to ensure that he is free of diseases that may pose a danger
to him when working on scaffolding.
3- Training should be appropriate to the level of scaffolding handling.

4. The training should be specific to the type of scaffolding the worker is working on.

7/1 Scaffolding maintenance

The maintenance work of the scaffold should be regular; Stored scaffold components include; As well as
scaffolds that are under use from various risks, for example: corrosion of parts of the scaffold. One of
the most important responsibilities of the safety official or specialist is to ensure the safety of the
scaffold for use, by doing periodic maintenance by observing the following during maintenance - as a
minimum:

1. That the steps and thresholds of the stairs be in good condition.

2. The steps of the stairs must be free of mud, grease and oils. or adhesives.

3. The sidebars shall not have any cracks or divisions.

4. The metal stairs should be free from scratches that affect their safety.

5. Ensure that there are lubrication processes for the metal parts.

6. Ensure that the ropes are in good condition and are not worn out or in poor condition.

7. Make sure to remove the sharp edges.

7/1/1 The safety official or specialist must set the necessary procedures in order to provide a record of
scaffold maintenance (for safety). The maintenance official or specialist must use the scaffolding
maintenance record - in the event that it is not available, this does not excuse the maintenance official
or specialist from preparing a special record for that - so that all the replaced parts of each scaffold are
monitored and recorded; Monitoring all observed defects as well as monitoring the necessary measures
for the competent scaffolding workers to correct the defects. Also, a certificate of handing over the
scaffold to the user (see Appendix D) must be available, in which he explains the details of the detected
risks that may affect the safety of workers and what safety measures are necessary.

7/1/2 Inspection records for scaffolds must be placed in the workplace so that they are easily accessible
and each maintenance record is near the scaffold.

7/1/3 When maintaining the scaffold, appropriate and sound replacement parts should be used, and the
manufacturer's instructions should be adhered to in such a case. Also, all damaged or damaged parts of
the scaffold must be replaced with suitable ones.

7/1/4 It must be ensured that a periodic inspection is carried out of all scaffolding parts that are stored
and that may act as spare parts.
5/1/7 All parts of the scaffolding must be stored in an orderly manner in a dry and checked environment
all its parts and cleaned periodically; and repair it from a competent person.

Appendix A

(Mandatory accessory)

Front D-loops and shoulder D-loops

The figure below shows the front D rings and the shoulder D rings, which are one of the personal
protection tools used by workers while working on scaffolding in high areas.
 Appendix B

(mandatory accessory)

Fall protection equipment and tools

Wearing a hard hat is an important personal protection tool. in addition to; when there is a risk of falling
hand tools, debris and other small objects; over-foot protection panels » screens or handrail systems
shall be installed above the worker on a scaffold; erecting debris nets; Trapping platforms or parachute
structures that catch or repel fallen objects.

Where potential falling objects are too large to be caught by foot-top panels, screens or handrail
systems, these objects must be placed away from the edge of the surface from which they may fall, and
it must be ensured that such items are prevented from falling.

Workers on scaffolds must be aware that there are workers working at a level lower than them who are
in danger from objects falling from the scaffold. In the event of such a danger, a barrier must be erected
to prevent workers from working under the scaffold, or protection boards should be placed on the top
of the feet or edges along the edge of the platform.

when work is performed on elevated surfaces that are 1.80 meters or more above the surrounding area;
Fall protection, such as the use of fall protection systems that include lifelines, body harnesses, and
other associated equipment, should be considered when the risk of falls cannot be controlled by fences,
floors, nets, and other means. These systems are designed to stop a free fall of up to 1.80 metres, while
limiting downforce on the wearer; And then Ladders and fall protection devices must be used from
scaffolding. A variety of systems can be selected when providing fall protection, as shown in Table 1.
These systems include the following:

Note: Table No. 1 shows many types of fall protection systems in various types of buildings Scaffolding
not covered in this guide in paragraph 6

Table No. 1: Fall prevention and protection systems for scaffolding

Prevention/protection type scaffold type

handrail system supported scaffolding
Personal fall protection system Pneumatic lifts
 Personal fall protection system and guardrail Suspension scaffolding
system
Personal fall protection system or guardrail Self-scaffolding
system
Personal fall protection system basket scaffolding; floating scaffolding needle
beam scaffold; Crane ladder scaffolding
Personal fall protection system and guardrail The scaffold is adjustable at one or two points
system
personal fall protection system; Handrail system Crawl board
or equivalent handrail number securely attached
to each crawl panel
Guardrail system installed within 0.24 meters and Scaffolding for the interior corridor
along at least one side of the walkway
Personal fall protection system or guardrail Supporting scaffolding for the implementation of
system on all open sides and ends of the scaffold. internal brick construction operations
A personal fall protection system or guardrail for all other scaffolds
system that meets the required standards

A/1 Personal Fall Protection System

A system used to protect workers from falling. It consists of an anchorage; Body strap connectors or
body straps (may include lanyard; deceleration device; rescue rope; dis-hooks; etc.). The type of fall
protection depends on the type of scaffold used.

What will the Personal Fall Protection System do to protect me?

The personal fall protection system places the worker in body harnesses that are secured to a secure
berth so that the worker is assured that the worker cannot fall. Ordinary body belts are not suitable for
personal fall protection systems. There are some main requirements for this:

- There should not be a free fall of more than 1.80 metres.

- There must be a quick rescue after a fall.

- The personal fall protection system should be inspected before each use.

- Do not use personal fall protection systems until they have been inspected by a competent person

- The competent person shall determine the feasibility and safety of means of fall protection for
personnel assembling and dismantling supported scaffolding.

- Full body harnesses must be used at all times for fall protection systems.
- The maximum load force on the worker to 818 kg when using full body belts.

- The fall protection system must be equipped so that the worker cannot fall more than 1.80 meters and
does not reach any level less than that.

- The idlers used should not exceed 1 metre. The image below shows how the free fall distance is
calculated when using fall protection.

- O-rings and hooks must have a minimum tensile strength of 2273KG

- Full-body belts can be used by connecting from the side or the front through the front D-rings or from
the shoulder side.

- The size of the hooks (hook) must be consistent with the member to which it is attached in order to
prevent rolling. Only locked-type hooks should be used.

- The horizontal rescue rope must be designed, installed, and used under the supervision of a qualified
person as part of a personal fall protection system.

A/2 Handrail (Fenders or Side Rails)

Standard balusters consist of upper balusters; It is located 1 meter above the floor and the middle
railing. Screens and netting can be used to replace intermediate balustrades as long as they extend from
the top balustrade to the floor. Fastening shall be made along the sides and front edge ends of
platforms not exceeding 0.35 m (35 cm) of work; Except for use of handrails and/or personal fall
protection system for upper rails (0.95m-1.10m)

- The upper handrails must be at a height of 0.95m-1.10m for construction; and 1 meter for all other
applications.

The middle rails must be at a height of 0.50 metres.

- The upper rails must be able to withstand 90 kg of outward or downward force.

- The intermediate bars must withstand a force of 68 kg.

- It is not allowed to use steel or plastic panels to be used in the upper handrails.

- The upper balustrade wire rope shall be marked every 1.80 metres.

- All wire ropes used for perimeter protection shall be at least 1.9 cm nominal diameter.

- Manila sling bars, plastic or synthetic rope should be properly inspected

A/3 Covers
Covers are attached to the holes in the worktop to prevent falls.

- Covers in roads and boat lanes must be able to bear at least twice the maximum axle load from the
largest weight of the vehicle expected to cross the cover.

- All other covers must be able to support at least twice the weight of workers, equipment and
materials.

- All covers must be secured when installed to prevent displacement by wind, equipment or workers. A
cover is not considered secure if it can be removed with moderate effort.

- All caps must be marked with “CAUTION – HOLE – DO NOT REMOVE” paint.

A/4 safety net systems

Safety nets consist of nets installed as close as possible to the work area. Examples:
A/5 Rescue equipment and means for workers near the water

1. Workers working on or near water in the event of a risk of drowning must be provided with a life
jacket or buoyancy aids.
2. The life jacket must be of a type that, when filled with air (by manual method), is able to make the
person using it float above the surface of the water with his face and head up so that his nose or mouth
does not touch the surface of the water even if he is unconscious, within 5 seconds from the time it is
inflated (10 seconds in the case of jackets that inflate automatically).

3. The life jacket and buoyant work vest must be inspected before and after each use to ensure their
integrity and that they are free of any defects that may affect their efficiency and strength, with the
necessity of excluding damaged ones.

4. Lifebuoys must be provided with a rope whose length is not less than 26 meters (90 feet) or according
to the height of the workplace above the water, and this rope is equipped with knots distributed for
every 3 meters of the length of the rope for ease of grip Collars are quickly ready to use for rescues.

5. Ropes for throwing and pulling (rescue) of sufficient length must be provided and equipped with a
floating capsule or bag, to be thrown to people who fall into the water to save them.

6. Self-igniting lights must be used if the work is not carried out at night.

7. Personnel working near the surface of the water must be trained in proper methods of rescue and
disposal in emergency situations.

8. The distance between each lifebuoy and the other should not exceed (200 feet) 60 meters.
9. A daily examination must be conducted on all rescue devices to ensure that they are in their specified
places and that they are in good condition and usable.

10. At least one rescue boat must be provided in the locations where workers work above or along the
water.

11. The workers at the site must be checked periodically to ensure that none of them are missing by
using the system of permits to work above or near the water (Permit to work).

12. The work must be carried out by at least two people together so that there is always someone to
sound the alarm (using the rescue torch to call for help).

.13 All personnel working above or near water must be trained on how to act in an emergency.

Appendix C

(mandatory accessory)

Guidance and warning signs

When carrying out scaffolding inspections, the necessary warning signs must be placed. This should be
done by a qualified and experienced scaffolding professional. All guiding and warning cards must be
numbered in order to facilitate the follow-up process rotating. All scaffolding must be inspected
immediately after its erection in accordance with the requirements and procedures in this document
and other regulatory requirements.

Scaffolding markings are green, yellow, or red with black letters, so that each color gives a specific
meaning. All warning and indicative labels must include the date they were placed, the date the warning
label was placed; Date of examination Name of the person who conducted the examination (stamp or
signature); The entity responsible for installing/maintaining/dismantling scaffolding.

Here is an explanation of the warning signs:

B/1 Warning signs are green

Signs shall be attached to the scaffolds at the entrances to the scaffolds that have been inspected so as
to give an indication that they are safe and ready for use as shown in the figure below (example only).

B/2 The warning signs are in yellow to warn

It replaces the green flag when the scaffolding is being modified to meet the requirements of the work
and as a result can pose a danger to the user so it is placed to warn. This sign indicates; As shown in
Figure No. below (example only) – to the necessity of availability Special requirements before use. The
written mark must contain - as a minimum - the following:

- Possible or potential dangers.

- Precautionary measures that must be taken prior to use to eliminate or reduce the risk.

- The name of the body authorizing the use of the scaffold.

The yellow tag must not be removed until the scaffold has been returned to a safe condition after
inspection by the “competent person”. Based on the results of that inspection, the appropriate sign will
be hung in either red or green.

B/3 Warning signs in red

To indicate the danger of using scaffolding; They are placed on scaffolding when they are in an unusable
and unsafe position. And that mark must include, as shown in Figure No. below (example only), as a
minimum, the following:

- Work number, project, date of inspection and name of the inspector

- The reason for the state of suspension, such as: under installation or dismantling, or in need of repair,
the inspections must be re-completed in the event that the conditions of the work environment change,
which may affect the safety of the scaffolding.

‫الملحق ث‬
(‫)ملحق إلزامي‬

‫ تفكيك) تقييم المخاطر‬- ‫ تثبيت‬- ‫السقاالت (تنصيب‬-

Prevention and Probability - risk Effects of the risk Risk

protection measures
Fall protection HIGH deaths; and major falls from a height
equipment should be injuries
provided to every
worker

The administration
confirms compliance
with instructions and
regulations
Training is required for
workers on the use of
fall equipment along
with qualified trainers.
The employer and
supervisors must
monitor operations to
ensure compliance
with the instructions as
required by the action
plan to address the
risks of falls from a
height.

The imposed control

should be in every
place of the work to
ensure that the safety
belt of the scaffold is
secured at all times, in
order to prevent any
person from falling in
the area.

Rescue and emergency

procedures should be
written.
And the need for a
rescue team to be
present at the place or
qualified rescue
workers
When moving High injuries Moving scaffolding
scaffolding, the
following is required:

Reducing the height to

be a maximum of 4
meters

Ensure that there are

no high pressure lines

Ensure that the floor is

clear while moving the
scaffold
It has bumps and
bumps

Do not move the

scaffold in the
presence of workers on
it or during bad
weather conditions
Ensure the availability High Injuries, deaths Objects falling from a
of fall protection height
barriers and protective
nets
Providing edge
thresholds or what is
called toe bored
Which is erected on
the sides to prevent
objects from rolling
downward over the
scaffold, provided that
its height is not less
than 10 (cm) 0.10
meters Warning signs
against working in the
isolated area

all lifted materials to be

carried are used in a
proper and controlled
manner no materials
are thrown or allowed
to fall materials must
be stored and retained
in a safe and secure
manner; To prevent
them from falling
accidents
Materials that are not
used and are not
needed should be
removed from the
platform
Training on kinetic Medium Hand handling injuries Lifting and holding
handling for all materials by hand or
scaffolding workers mechanical equipment
Workers use correct
manual processing
techniques

Personal Protective
Equipment - Use of
helmets, safety shoes
and gloves. etc
Posting warning signs
in the workplace to
make those present
aware of lifting
operations in progress
Use communication
signs to demarcate
boundaries and contact
other workers when
scaffolding is
incomplete
Maintain a high level of High wounds; bruising; Slips, dips that fall on
control Sprains and strains the same level
Maintain clear entry
and exit mechanism
and isolate the work
area from the
mechanisms in the
entry areas

Use personal
protective equipment -
such as shoes or other
appropriate equipment
Setting alerts to raise
awareness of the
places where there
may be risks of slips or
falls
Training workers on High deaths; Major total/partial
scaffolding through casualties, damage to collapse/structural
qualified persons, and equipment, property, failure; This is due to
according to the etc improper installation,
factory instructions, alteration or
the supervisors confirm dismantling of the
that the work is scaffold.
dedicated to the
relevant scaffolding
Activate the
monitoring system to
ensure adequate levels
of supervision and
control imposed to
guard against risks in
the workplace
Build scaffolding on
authority standards
and requirements
local
A pre-commencement
summary given to all
personnel prior to
commencing work
covering a safe system
of work and any
specific control
measures
Ensuring adequate
support for the land in
order to propagate and
support the loads on it
Not working at height High Falling from a height » bad weather
in bad weather falling materials conditions.
conditions Wearing High winds, extreme
appropriate clothing, temperatures and
including weather snow
protection clothing The cold; Frost, high
necessity to check the temperatures and
weather conditions heavy rain.
every day before
starting work
Educate all other site High collision Work in areas that may
workers of the erected Slips and falls with affect other workers
scaffold and the varying degrees of and the public
requirements for injuries
dismantling it Signs and
barriers should be in
place to inform the rest
of the site workers to
dismantle the scaffold
Only materials used in
the area should be kept
until stored
Coordinating with the High Colliding with Proximity of scaffolding
relevant authorities scaffolding or workers to traffic routes or the
such as traffic to know highway.
the controls Isolate the
area of unloading,
loading and unloading
»and placing signs and
guiding boards
Checking the
appropriate capacity
and the availability of
electricity Cut off or
isolate dangerous
sources of electricity
from the area The
scaffolding workers
must be aware of
raising and lowering
materials near the
pressure cables
Workers must
Scaffolding Knowing
the electrical points
and not fixing the parts
of the scaffold in this
area
Coordinating with the High major deaths and electricity
relevant authorities injuries; and property
such as traffic to know damage
the controls Isolate the
area of unloading,
loading and unloading
»and placing signs and
guiding boards
Checking the
appropriate capacity
and the availability of
electricity Cut off or
isolate dangerous
sources of electricity
from the area The
scaffolding workers
must be aware of
raising and lowering
materials near the
pressure cables
Workers must
Scaffolding Knowing
the electrical points
and not fixing the parts
of the scaffold in this
area
 Preventing the High Slips and falls of sliding
placement of varying degrees of
protrusions at the injuries caused
surface level of the
scaffold and objects
that assist in sliding,
such as oils, etc

Appendix C

(mandatory accessory)

Types of scaffolding

D/ 1 modern model scaffolding

Modern standard scaffolding is characterized by its ease of installation and the absence of the need for a
specialist to build it. It can be used for irregular, circular or dome-shaped structures.

As shown in Figure 1, the modern model scaffolds have fixed installation and construction teeth. It
consists of a set of vertical lists of specific lengths, transverse tubes are installed in these lists. Among
the safety requirements when using modern model scaffolding is to adhere to the following - as a
minimum -:

A- The manufacturer's instructions must be followed during its installation and disassembly.

B- When constructing the scaffold, the platform must be available to cover the entire length of the
scaffold.

C- Special stairs should be used to reach the platform.

D- The external barrier shall be placed so as to provide protection from falling, and its parts shall be
formed from: upper bulkhead; medial septum foot barrier.

E- The presence of protrusion in the scaffolding platform gives additional surfaces; Sometimes it is used
to increase stability.

F- The manufacturer's instructions must be followed when constructing this type of scaffolding.

G- Components of more than one scaffolding system or from different manufacturers may not be mixed
unless stipulated in the requirements of the manufacturer.

I- All parts of the scaffolding shall be vertically supported by guy guys at an angle closer to 45 degrees for
every ten vertical metres.

J- The scaffolding shall be designed according to its structural model; In the event that special design
requirements are not provided, the system can be supported by pipe assembly units that act as
tensioners for the entire system.

K - that the hammer is used to tighten the joints (pegs or cups) and provide a high degree of cohesion
and bonding.

L- Bolt units may not be used with this type of scaffolding.

M- That the columns are connected by means of square-section assembly units, which are inserted into
both the upper and lower columns, and are fixed to an assembly unit by means of a number 2.

N - That the correct lengths of each of the regular guy elements (uprights/horizontal/stiffeners) be used
to calculate the operational load of the scaffold; The actual loads on the scaffolding elements
(uprights/horizontals/stiffeners) shall not exceed the operational load of the scaffolding according to the
manufacturer's recommendations.

O- This type of scaffolding is designed to handle heavy duty, medium and light work, unless otherwise
stated in the manufacturer's instructions.

P- The suspended scaffolding shall not be fixed on this type of scaffolding. As it should not

This type of scaffolding rests on suspended scaffolding.

 FIGURE NO.1 modern model scaffolding

Figure 1-1: Different shapes of the types of connections - they differ according to the manufacturer

D/ 2 Rolling scaffolding:

Mobile scaffolding is used for painting and maintenance of electrical installations and air-conditioning
devices. As shown in Figure 2, these scaffolds have wheels at their base with locking devices for
movement. One of the safety requirements for mobile scaffolding is to adhere to the following - as a
minimum -:

A- The manufacturer's instructions shall be followed during its installation and disassembly.

b- The scaffolding must be designed to bear at least 4 times the working load.

C- The scaffolding shall be built and installed on flat and firm ground by qualified technicians.

D- The scaffold is transported and moved on horizontal surfaces either by pushing or pulling.

E- That none of the workers, materials or equipment be present on the work platform or anywhere else
on the scaffold while it is moving.

F- the scaffolding casters shall be fitted with a positive caster; or swivel lock to prevent movement and
that these wheels are secured at all times except while the scaffold is in motion. The wheels must be of
sufficient strength and dimensions to be able to carry four times the operating load.

G- That the height of the work platform does not exceed 4 times smaller than the base of the scaffold
and is measured from the level of the ground on which it is installed.

H- The base of the scaffold shall be provided with horizontal shoulders to increase the base of the
scaffold in case the height of the scaffold is more than 4 times the base as shown in Figure 2-2.

I- The scaffolding should be provided with solid protective barriers that can bear a load located at any
point and in any direction, with a load of not less than 90 kg; And that these barriers consist of an upper
barrier, 1 meter high, and a horizontal intermediate barrier in the middle between the platform and the
upper barrier.

J- that an internal ladder is used to ascend and descend from the scaffold; When using a vertical ladder
with a height of more than 6 meters, it must be surrounded by a protective cage and workers must be
provided with means of protection.
 Figure 2: Moving scaffolding (with an example of using a ladder)

Figure 2-2: An example of increasing the base of the scaffold by means of horizontal supports
D/3 Frame Structural Scaffolding:

This type of scaffolding consists of one or more platforms supported by columns and steel frames that
are easy to install, as shown in Figure 3. Among the safety requirements for structural scaffolding with a
frame are adherence to the following as a minimum:

A- The manufacturer's instructions must be followed during its installation and disassembly.

B- All parts of the scaffold shall be straight, free from defects, and inspected by a qualified person prior
to approval for use.

C- The parts of the metal scaffolding must be firmly attached to each other.

D- The scaffold shall be fixed on adjustable bases placed on a solid floor.

E- The scaffold shall be provided with an ascending ladder and fixed to its structure.

F- The parts of the scaffold are regularly inspected and well maintained; check the metal cleats before
each use; And maintain the paint layer on it.

G- That the parts of the scaffold and everything related to it be stored in good places to protect it from
being affected by different climatic conditions.

Figure 3: Frame scaffolding

D/4 Suspended Scaffolding:

This type of scaffolding is a platform raised on wooden or metal poles that are installed in a special way
to carry this scaffold and ensure its fixation as shown in Figure 4.

Among the safety requirements for suspended scaffolding are adherence to the following as a
minimum:

A- The suspended scaffolding shall be composed of platforms attached to wire ropes attached to an
extension arm(s) fixed on the roof of the building and supported by equivalent weights and means of
lifting and lowering to control the raising and lowering of the platform.

b- The winches and other lifting devices shall be equipped with brakes to control the movement of the
scaffold. And to be protected from atmospheric influences and materials that cause potential damage.

c- The outrigger arm must be horizontal and of sufficient length and strength. and adequately
supported.

d- Equivalent weights should be used to maintain the scaffold's balance; and to be installed at the end of
the outriggers on the roof of the building

E- The equivalent weights shall not be less than four times the total weight of the crane (its load and the
weight of all components).

F- The arm extending on the roof of the building should be lengthened, and the length of the protruding
part of the building attached to the suspension rope should be reduced to avoid the use of large
counterweights.

G- That workers in this type of scaffolding be tied with tie ropes that are fixed at points outside the
scaffold.

H- The wire ropes must be well fixed to all components of the scaffold.

I- The width of the swinging scaffold with two suspension points shall not be less than 50 cm and not
more than 90 cm.

T- It is not allowed for more than two workers to work at one time on suspended scaffolding designed to
carry an operating load of 225 kg; no more than three workers are allowed to work at a time on
suspended scaffolding designed for a working load of 350 kg; Every worker must be protected by a
lifebelt attached to a lifeline.
 Figure 4: Hanging scaffolding

D/5 tubular scaffolding

This type of scaffolding is used for difficult works in which frame scaffolding cannot be used due to the
presence of obstacles or difficulty in accessing these works. Tubular scaffolding can be used for
obstructive and non-rectangular structures No. 5, as tubular scaffolding is adjustable in length and
width; Figure 5 shows this type of scaffolding. Among the safety requirements for tubular scaffolding are
adherence to the following - as a minimum:

a- To be columns; transverse and longitudinal mounts; supports with a nominal OD of 5 cm; And to be of
iron pipes. For columns, the distance must not increase the horizontal distance between them is about
1.80 meters and the vertical distance is about 3 meters along the scaffold. All other metal parts of the
scaffold must be designed to support the same expected load as the scaffold.

B- When constructing the scaffold, the platform must be available to cover the entire length of the
scaffold.

C- Special stairs should be used to reach the platform.

D- The external barrier shall be placed in such a way as to provide protection from falling, and its parts
shall consist of: an upper barrier; medial septum foot barrier.

E- The presence of protrusion in the scaffolding platform gives additional surfaces; Sometimes it is used
to increase stability.

F- The manufacturer's instructions shall be followed when constructing the tubular scaffolding.
6/5/1 It is taken into account in the vertical supports as shown in Figure 5 that the joints are executed in
the columns so that they are not on one horizontal line. Also, both anchor bolts or assembly units can be
used to make the necessary joints, as they are used in cases of compressive strength and tensile
strength.

6/5/2 The horizontal supports (parallel and perpendicular to the façade) as shown in Figure 5 must take
into account safety requirements - as a minimum - which are:

A- Each support within the scaffold shall be securely attached to horizontal supports (parallel to the
facade) horizontal supports (perpendicular to the facade).

B. That each of the horizontal supports (parallel on the façade) be connected with the vertical supports
and be linked through assembly units at right angles.

C- Each of the horizontal supports (perpendicular to the façade) should be connected with the vertical
supports through the assembly units at right angles. And that the horizontal supports (perpendicular to
the facade) are fixed at right angles to the horizontal supports (parallel to the facade).

D- Each of the horizontal supports (perpendicular to the façade) should be supportive Through
horizontal strut assembly units (parallel on the facade). that the assembly units are close to the vertical
supports; less than 0.30 meters.

E- The horizontal supports (perpendicular to the façade) shall be installed on top of the horizontal
supports (parallel to the façade).

F- In the elevators to be installed, horizontal supports (perpendicular to the facade) are not used to
connect at right angles through assembly units; Because the assembly units may interfere with the
placement of the panels.

G- That the horizontal supports (perpendicular to the façade) and the horizontal surface (perpendicular
to the façade) be 0.1 meters higher than the horizontal supports (parallel to the façade); To provide full
connectivity with assembly units.

H- The base plate shall be 0.15 meters or more above the floor of the scaffolding - unless it is not
possible - horizontal supports (parallel to the facade) and horizontal supports (perpendicular to the
facade).

I- That the horizontal supports (parallel to the facade and perpendicular to the facade) are not more
than the assembly units between the adjacent vertical supports. And that the assembly units are closer
to the vertical supports and are overlapping.

J- that the assembly units are (parallel and perpendicular to the interface); spaced at least 0.3 m from
the vertical supports; The assembly units are used to connect the horizontal supports.
K. The connections in the horizontal supports (parallel and perpendicular to the façade) can be made by
assembling the supports from their end with an additional column (pipe), the length of the overlap from
both ends is not less than 0.6 meters, so that the connection is made from both ends by a number of 2
unit. They meet at least, with a total number of 4 assembly units for both ends.” And consideration is
given to choosing the connection points away from the middle third of the support.

L- Right angle assembly units shall be installed so that the solution (disassembly) is centered on the
hinges and not on the screws, and the assembly units shall be linked to tensile strength according to
figure no 5 tubular scaffolding.

figure no 5 tubular scaffolding.

 Appendix H

(mandatory accessory)

Inspect scaffold materials prior to use this checklist to verify and record scaffolding materials being
delivered to site and check that it is in an acceptable condition” before it is used

ACCEPTANCE COMMENTS QUANTITY ITEM

NO YES
individual paintings
Base plates
base levers
Standards
a model
the symptoms
Average symptoms
Angled couplers on
the right
couplers poles
coupler tube
scaffold tubes
Decking/Scaffolding
Panels
Diagonal clamp
Access
stairs/wooden
stairs
Cantilevers /
platform supports
girder bridge
Anchor/installation
stage
The brick dam
Coverings / netting
Installation and use
instructions
Scaffolding signs
and signs
other ingredients
 Appendix G

(mandatory accessory)

Use this checklist to check scaffolding in use. Record all observed defects; Observe and take necessary
measures for qualified scaffolders to correct the defect

PLACE:

REFERENCE:

LOCATION:

DATE:

INSPECTED BY:

COPY TO:

DATE OF CORRECTION DEFICIT (MENTION THE REFERENCE) ITEM

foundations
individual paintings
Base plates and base risers
Standards
notebooks
the symptoms
Connectivity limitations and
capabilities
Clamp test results
Solid surface
the frame
Cross condensation
guard bars
Provided panels
Decking/Scaffolding Panels
banners; scaffolding signs
Download according to the
design
Enter the scaffolding
User behavior and property
management
Unauthorized modifications
Risks expected during the next 7
days
Others (Traffic / Public /
Electricity)
Notes
 Appendix D

(Mandatory accessory)

Certificate of handing over the scaffold to the user

This form is used to record details of the scaffolding installed and to transfer responsibility to the user.

the place:

Location:

Date:

Checked by:

Description of the scaffold to be delivered:

Max loading capacity of work platforms (kg/hole; for non-standard openings kg/m"):

The maximum number of working platforms provided (not to exceed this number):

Number and loading capacity of pallets (details of restrictions including location and usage, if any):

Determine the person responsible for periodic inspections:

Determine who is responsible for allowing modifications:

Results of pull-out tests on the ring-bolt trunnion (when in use):

Details of the design information needed to enable other competent persons to carry out a full
examination of the scaffold:

Details of the detected risks that may affect the safety of workers:

Details of the immediate actions taken to control the risks:

Date: Date:

signature: signature:

Scaffolding Compound: User:

 References

1) International labor organization- International Hazard Datasheets on Occupation –scaffolding

2) OSHA Publication 3150, A Guide to Scaffold Use in the Construction Industry

3) Environmental Health and Safety - Health and safety in construction (HSE)- Fall Protection

4) BSI EN 12811-1:2003 Temporary works equipment – Part 1: Scaffolds – Performance requirements

and general design

5) ANSI_ASSE A10.8-2011 Scaffolding Safety Requirements

6) regulation of preventive safety rules at construction sites issued by the Civil Defense