IMPORTANT SHORT QUESTIONS 1ST CHAPTER

F.Sc PART-I CHEMISTRY

1: Define stoichiometry. What are its basic assumptions?
The branch of chemistry which deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products
in a balanced chemical equation is called stoichiometry.
There are following assumptions: i)All the
reactants are completely converted into products. ii)No
side reaction occurs. 2.
Concept of limiting reactant is not applicable to the reversible reactions. Explain it.
In reversible reactions reactants are not completely converted into products.So,we cannot decide which
one reactant is consumed earlier and becomes limiting reactant and which is left behind s excess
reactante.g H2+I2 ⇌ 2 HI
3. What is limiting reagent? How the helps to control the reaction?
A limitng reactan is that one which is in lesser quantity and it is consumed earlier. Whenever, it is
consumed then the further formation of the product stops, although the excess reagent is lying in the
vessel. If the limiting reagent is not available to the excess reagent then product cannot be formed
futher.
4. How can efficiency(%age yield) of a chemical reaction be expressed?
The efficiency of a chemical reaction can be expressed by the percentage (%) yield of the chemical
reaction. Percentage yield depends upon the ratio of actual yield and theoretical yield.

Acutal Yield
%age yield( efficiency of reaction )= x 100
Theoritical Yield

5.Many chemcal reactions taking place in our surrounding involv the limiting reactant.
Yes,it is true that in our environment a number of reaction involving a limiting reactant.A common
reaction which takes place is the combustionn reaction in which oxygen is necessary for burning and
acts as excess reactant due to its large amount while other material(hydrocarbon)is limiting due to
limited supply. CH4+2O2 CO2 +2H2O
6.Why actual yield is mostly less than theoritical yield?
The actual yield is less due to following reasons;
a)An inexperienced worker.
b)Due to side reaction and reverse reactions.
c)Impure reactants.
d)Processes like Filtration,crystallisation,distillation etc do not performed accurately and some product
is lost.
7.N2 and CO has equal number of neutrons,protons and electrons.Justify it.
N2 CO
- + 1 -
e P n0 e P+ n10
N C
7 7 7 6 6 6
N 7 7 7 O 8 8 8
Total 14 14 14 Total 14 14 14

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8. 23 g of Sodium and 238 g of Uranium have equal number of atoms justify it.
The given grams of both elements are equal to their atomic masses which have one mole atoms equal to
Avogadroes number.
23 g Sodium = 1 mole = 6.02x1023 Na-atoms
238 g Uranium = 1 mole = 6.02x1023 U-atoms
9. 18 g of water and 180 g of glucose have equal number of molecules.
The given grams of both compounds are equal to their molecular masses which have one mole of
molecules equal to Avogadoroes number.
18 g Water = 1 mole = 6.02x1023 water molecules
180 g Glucose = 1 mole = 6.02x1023 glucose molecules
10. Magnesium is twice heavier than corbon justfied.
Because Mg has atomic mass 24 while corbon has atomic mass only 12 . So, Mg has double number of
electrones, protons and neutrons as compared to corbon.
11. Difference between Empirical and Molecular Formula:
Empirical Fomula Molecular Formula
i) A formula which represents the simplest i) A formula which represents actual number
whole number ratio of atoms of elements of atoms of elements in a compound.
compounds. ii) It is obtained by multiplying ‘n’ with
ii) It is obtained from elemental analysis. empirical formula.
iii) It is used for both molecular and ionic iii) It is used for molecular compounds.
compounds. iv) Examples:
iv) Examples: C6H12O6 and C6H6 are molecular formula of
CH2O and CH are empirical formula of glucose and benzene respectively.
glucose and benzene respectively.

12. 2 g of H2 and 16 g of CH4 have different masses but equal volumes justify.
The reason is that the masses and the sizes of the molecules do not affect the volumes. Normally, it is
known that in the gaseous state the distance between molecules is 300 times greator than their
diameters.
13. Law of conservation of mass has to be obeyed during stoichiometric calculations.
According to las of conservationo of mass total mass of reactants must be equal to total mass of
products in a chemical reaction. In stoichiometric calculations quanities of reactants and products are
related wit balanced chemical equation. So, the culation can be only done for realative amounts of
reactants and products in a chemical reaction when law is obeyed.
CH4+2O2 CO2 +2H2O
16 g 64 g 44 g 36 g
14. The percentage of oxygen during combustion cannot be determine directly justify.

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