Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:Eng Math 1-1stSEM-2020-2021

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Bayombong Campus

DEGREE PROGRAM BSCE COURSE NO. Eng Math 1

SPECIALIZATION COURSE TITLE Calculus 1
YEAR LEVEL BSCE 1 TIME FRAME 1 hr WK NO. 5 IM NO. 4

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

Chapter 3: Derivative of a Function

II. LESSON TITLE

1. Definition of Derivative
2. Derivative of a Function using Increment

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

The topic in this chapter is Derivative. In this chapter students will all learn almost exclusively finding
derivatives and its applications to various problems. At the end of this chapter, students will be given
assignments and seat work to be answered within its class time.
IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Define derivative, give various notations for the derivative and work a few problems illustrating how
to use the definition of the derivative to actually compute the derivative of a function.
2. Interpret the derivative and apply various problems in the rate of change of a function, the velocity
of a moving object and the slope of the tangent line to a graph of a function.
3. Learn the important differentiation formulas, differentiating functions, differentiating trigonometric
functions.
4. Define the hyperbolic functions and the relationships between them.
5. Learn the application of derivatives in related rates.
6. Understand Higher order derivative and logarithmic differentiation.

V. LESSON CONTENT

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only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 1 of 3
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:Eng Math 1-1stSEM-2020-2021
∆𝒚
Fundamental Definition. The derivative of y with respect to x is the limit of the ratio when
∆𝒙
∆𝒙 approaches zero.
𝒅𝒚
The derivative is designed by the symbol :
𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑦 ∆𝑦 𝑓(𝑥 + ∆𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)
= lim = lim
𝑑𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥

𝑑
Other symbols for the derivative are y’, f’(x), D2y, 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
Functions can be found which, though continuous, do not possess a derivative for any value of x. Their
importance is theoretical rather than practical. The operation finding the derivative is called differentiation.

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥) ∆𝑦 𝑓(𝑥 + ∆𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)

lim 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ lim
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 𝑥→0 ∆𝑥
provided the limit exists

The symbol ∆ read us increment is any change in variable quantity.

The derivative of a function using increment
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑦 + ∆𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + ∆𝑥)
∆𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + ∆𝑥) − 𝑦
∆𝑦 𝑓(𝑥 + ∆𝑥)
= − 𝑓(𝑥)
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
∆𝑦
Note: is measure of the rate at which y is changing with repeat to x for the ∆𝑥
∆𝑥
Procedure:
Steps to follow in finding the derivative of a function using increment
Step 1: Replace x by 𝑥 + ∆𝑥and y by 𝑦 + ∆𝑦.
Step 2: Solve for ∆𝑦
Step 3: Divide equation ∆𝑥
∆𝑦
Step 4: Find the limit of as ∆𝑥 → 0
∆𝑥
Note: Possible to use Pascal Triangle to solve for binomials such as (a+b)2
For example
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
(𝑥 + 𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦)
And so on...
Illustrative Example
Find the derivative of 𝑦 = 3 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 using increment

Solution
Step 1: Replace x by 𝑥 + ∆𝑥and y by 𝑦 + ∆𝑦.
𝑦 = 3 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2
𝑦 + ∆𝑦 = 3 + 4(𝑥 + ∆𝑥) − (𝒙 + ∆𝒙)𝟐 < factor
= 3 + 4𝑥 + 4∆𝑥 − (𝑥 2 + 2(𝑥)(∆𝑥) + (∆𝑥)2 )
𝑦 + ∆𝑦 = 3 + 4𝑥 + 4∆𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥∆𝑥 − ∆𝑥 2

Step 2: Solve for ∆𝑦

∆𝑦 = 3 + 4𝑥 + 4∆𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥∆𝑥 − ∆𝑥 2 − 𝑦
∆𝑦 = 3 + 4𝑥 + 4∆𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥∆𝑥 − ∆𝑥 2 − (3 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )
∆𝑦 = 3 + 4𝑥 + 4∆𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥∆𝑥 − ∆𝑥 2 − 3 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 <simply
∆𝑦 = 4∆𝑥 − 2𝑥∆𝑥 − ∆𝑥 2

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes
only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 2 of 3
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:Eng Math 1-1stSEM-2020-2021
Step 3: Divide equation ∆𝑥
∆𝑦 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 2
=4 − 2𝑥 −
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
∆𝑦 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 2
=4 − 2𝑥 −
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
∆𝑦 ∆𝑥
= 4− 2𝑥 − ∆𝑥
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥

∆𝑦
Step 4: Find the limit of as ∆𝑥 → 0
∆𝑥
∆𝑦
lim = lim 4 − 2 lim 𝑥 − lim ∆𝑥
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥→0
∆𝑦
lim = 4 − 2𝑥 − 0
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥
∆𝑦 𝑑𝑦
lim = 4 − 2𝑥 or = 4 − 2𝑥
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 𝑑𝑥

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

For more examples: Look on page 33 in Differential and Integral Calculus by Love, C. & Rainville, E.,
6th ed.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mURdKxXmqL4&t=338s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwFkotgpz2U

VII. ASSIGNMENT
PS 4: Determination of the Derivative (Increment)
1. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 6
1
3. 𝑦 = 2 − 3𝑥 −
𝑥
1
4. 𝑥 = (3𝑥 2 + 1)2
2
5. 𝑧 = √𝑥 + 2

VIII. REFERENCES

1. Feliciano, Florentino T. and Uy, Fausto B. Differential and Integral Calculus. Merriam and Webster
Bookstore, Inc. Manila.
2. Clarke, Philip S., Jr. Calculus and Analytic Geometry.
3. Love, Clyde E. and Rainville, Earl D. 1969. Differential and Integral Calculus. Sixth Edition. The
MacMillan Company, New York.
4. Calculus By James Stewart
ISBN 0-534-06690-9

PREPARED BY:

JACQUELINE TABOY GUINSATAO

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes
only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 3 of 3