BUILDING SERVICES-II

Module- 2

Ar. Asmita Yadav

Course Contents

MODULE 2:

Electrical Services - Internal Electrical distribution systems and Renewable Energy

Systems. Residential Building internal electrical distribution system & Commercial
Building internal electrical distribution system.
Electrical Services

Electrical services refer to a range of professional services

related to electrical systems, installations, repairs, and
maintenance.
Electrical services encompass a wide range of activities,
including:
● Electrical Installations
● Electrical Repairs
● Electrical Upgrades
● Lighting Solutions
● Safety and Compliance
Internal Electrical distribution systems and Renewable Energy Systems

● Internal electrical distribution systems refer

to the infrastructure and components within a
building or facility that distribute electrical
power from the main supply to various
outlets, equipment, and appliances.
● These systems are responsible for safely and
efficiently delivering electricity to meet the
electrical demands of the building occupants.
Key components of internal electrical distribution systems include

● Main Service Panel: Also known as the main

distribution board or electrical panel, this is where the
main electrical supply enters the building. It contains
circuit breakers or fuses that protect the wiring from
overloads and short circuits.

● Subpanels: Subpanels are secondary distribution boards

that are connected to the main service panel. They
distribute electricity to specific areas or sections of the
building, such as individual floors, wings, or rooms.
Key components

● Wiring and Cables: Electrical wiring and cables carry

electricity from the main service panel to outlets, switches,
and electrical appliances. These wires are sized appropriately
to handle the electrical load and are installed following safety
codes and regulations.

● Outlets and Switches: Outlets provide access to electrical

power for plugging in devices and appliances, while switches
control the flow of electricity to lights, fans, and other
electrical fixtures.
Key components of external electrical distribution systems include

● Distribution Boards and Circuit Breakers: Distribution

boards, also known as consumer units, contain circuit
breakers or residual current devices (RCDs) that protect
individual circuits from overcurrents and electrical faults.
Distribution Systems:
UPS [Uninterruptible Power Supply]

● Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) is a device that supplies power in case of power failures.
● UPS can be either Online UPS or Offline UPS.
UPS:Online UPS System

● An Online UPS system provides power to connected

equipment by converting AC to DC, then back to AC. The
inverter is an online UPS that is always on, providing a
continuous flow of power to connected equipment.
● No switching is required between the main power line path
and battery backup path in case of power outage.
● The online UPS has zero time delay between the switching
and is more expensive than the offline UPS system due to
the additional parts in the online uninterruptible power
supply
● Applications:In medical equipment, in telecommunication
equipment etc.
UPS:Offline UPS System

● An Offline UPS is one which supplies the AC mains power directly to the load in case of power availability
and whenever there is a power outage, it switches the load to battery backup path.
● The charged AC-DC inverter power is utilized only when there is a power failure.
● Offline UPS systems are less expensive than online UPS systems but offer less protection
● Applications: In computers, PCs etc.
Cleat Wiring System

● Cleat wiring is a temporary wiring system where wires or

cables are installed on cleats made from porcelain, plastic,
or hardwood for support.
● It is simple and cheap and most suitable for temporary use,
such as under construction buildings or army camping.
● The cables and wires are in open air, making it easy to see
and repair any faults.
● Cleat wiring is not suitable for domestic premises, and its
use is over nowadays.
Batten Wiring System

● Batten wiring is a system where wires are fastened to the wall

using battens.
● It is simple and easy to install, cheap, and strong.
● Repairing is easy and customization can be easily done.
● It is only suitable for use below 250V and needs more cables
and wires.
● Heavy wires cannot be used in batten wiring.
Conduit Wiring System

● Conduit wiring is a system where wires are enclosed in

conduits, which are tubes made of metal, plastic, or fiber.
● It is the most commonly used wiring system in
commercial buildings and is considered the safest and
most reliable.
● Conduit wiring provides protection against physical
damage, moisture, and other environmental factors.
● Two types of conduit wiring:
1. Surface conduit wiring
2. Concealed Conduit Wiring
Overhead and underground distribution system

● In the overhead system of transmission and distribution, the overhead line wires supported by poles are
used for power transportation; while in the underground system, insulated underground cables are
employed for the transportation of electric power.
 Basis of Difference Overhead Lines Underground Cables

Definition An overhead line is the one that uses bare An underground cable is an insulated cable
conductors supported on a pole or tower for which is buried under the earth surface for
power transmission and distribution. power transmission and distribution.

Type of conductor Overhead lines use bare conductor. Undergrounds cables use insulated
conductor.

Size of conductor The size of conductor used in overhead lines The size of conductor used in underground
is comparatively smaller. cables is relatively larger.

Voltage rating Overhead lines have higher voltage rating, Undergrounds cables have comparatively
near about 765 kV. lower voltage rating. It is typically limited to
66 kV.

Current carrying capacity The current carrying capacity of overhead Underground cables have lesser current
lines is comparatively more. carrying capacity.

Insulation Overhead lines require less insulation. Underground cables need more insulation.
Usually, at the contact points of the support. It is because, the whole conductor is
required coated with the insulation sheath.
Radial System

● In a radial distribution system, separate feeders

radiate from a single substation and feed the
distributors at one end only.
● This is the simplest and most common
distribution system.
● The disadvantage of this system is that if a feeder
or substation fails, all the customers downstream
from that point will lose power.
Ring Main System

● In a ring main distribution system, a ring main

feeder is energized by one or more substations or
generating stations.
● This system provides redundancy and reliability,
as power can flow in either direction around the
ring.
● The ring main distribution system is more
expensive than the radial system.
Interconnected Distribution System

● In an interconnected distribution system, two or

more substations or generating stations are
connected to a ring main feeder.
● This system provides redundancy, reliability, and
flexibility.
● Interconnected distribution systems are used in
large urban areas where multiple sources of
power are required.
Measures to conserve Electricity:

● Turn off lights and appliances when not in use to save electricity and conserve energy.
● Use smart appliances and energy-saving bulbs to reduce energy consumption in your home.
● Clean or replace air filters in heating and cooling systems to improve efficiency.
● Use a programmable thermostat to adjust the temperature in your home to reduce energy use.
● Seal air leaks in your home to prevent heated or cooled air from escaping.
● Use natural light instead of artificial light when possible to save electricity.
● Wash clothes in cold water to save energy.
● Unplug appliances when not in use to avoid standby power consumption.
● Choose energy-efficient appliances and electronics.
● Use dimmer switches to lower energy use.
● Turn off lights whenever you leave a room and don't need them - even for a few minutes.
● Keep windows and doors closed during the heat of the day to prevent the cool air from escaping.
Net Zero Building

● Net zero buildings are buildings that produce at least as much energy as they consume on an annual basis.
● There are different ways to define net zero buildings, and the following are some of the most common:

● Zero Energy Building (ZEB): A ZEB produces enough renewable energy to meet its own annual energy
consumption requirements, thereby reducing the use of nonrenewable energy in the building.
● Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB): An NZEB is a building with greatly reduced energy needs through
efficiency gains such that the balance of the energy needs can be supplied by renewable energy sources.
● Zero Net Energy (ZNE): ZNE is a term mainly used in the USA, which is similar to NZEB. It refers to a
building that produces as much energy as it consumes on an annual basis.
● Net Zero Carbon Building: A net zero carbon building is a building that is highly energy efficient and
generates or procures the balance of its energy from renewable sources, with no net carbon emissions on an
annual basis.
 Net Zero Buildings Example

1. Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, New Delhi

2. Suzlon One Earth, Pune
3. Infosys Limited, Mysore
4. The CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Center, Hyderabad
5. The Himalayan Institute of Alternatives, Ladakh
6. ITC Green Centre, Gurgaon

1 2 3 4
Assignment

1. List out the possible incoming power resources for a residence?

2. Mention the different type of wiring system. Also explain the conduit system with its advantage and
disadvantages?
3. What is net zero buildings? Discuss the different ways of defined Net Zero?
4. Explain the generation of electricity using solar, hydel or thermal energy. Listing its merits and
demerits?
5. Write short notes UPS requirement explaining offline and online UPS system?
References

● L.Uppal ; Electrical Wiring, Estimating & Costing.

● Aly. S. Dadras (1995), Electrical Systems for Architects by N.G.A.R.B. McGraw-Hill.
● Anwari ; Basic Electrical Engineering.
● National electric Code, Indian Electricity Rules 1956, Energy Conservation and
Building Code.
● Handbook of Lighting Design by Ruediger Ganslandt, Harald Hofmann; ERCO
Edition
● Fundamentals of Lighting by Susan M. Winchip.
● National Building Code, 2016 – Part 8 (Section 1, 2, 6).
● Code of Practice for Interior Illumination (IS 3646-1 (1992); Indian Standard - BIS.