CHAPTER1
 GREEK WORD HISTORIA WHICH MEANS
LEARNING BY INQUIRY
 DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF PAST
EVENTS
 HISTORY-SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTING OF A
SET OF NATURAL PHENOMENA.
 THE GREEK PHILOSOPHER ARISTOTLE.
 FACTUAL HISTORY AND SPECULATIVE
HISTORY ARE THEORIES CONSTRACTED
BY HISTRORIANS IN INVESTIGATING.
 FACTUAL HISTORY-TOOK PLACE, TIME
AND DATE, PEOPLE THAT WERE INVOLVED.
 SPECULATIVE HISTORY-CONCERN
ABOUT THE REASON FOR WHICH EVENTS
HAPPEN.
 INDIVIDUAL WHO WRITE ABOUT HISTORY IS
CALLED HISTORIANS
 HISTORICAL WRITING –FACILITY TO
GIVE MEANING AND IMPACT.
 LIMITATION OF HISTORICAL
KNOWLWDGE- INCOMPLETENESS OF
RECORDS HAS LIMITED MANS KNOWLEDGE
OF HISTORY.
 INTERPRETATIVE- HISTORIANS ABILITY
TO RECONSTRUCT HISTORICAL EVENT.
 ARTIFACTS OR DOCUMENTS- RAW
MATERIALS OUT OF WHICH HISTORY
MAYBE WRITTEN.
 PARTICULARS-THUS DERIVE IN
HISTORIOGRAPHY.
LESSON2: SOURCE OF HISTORICAL DATA
 RELIC OR REMAIN- OFFER
RESEARCHERS
 CLUE ABOUT THE PAST.
 SECONDARY SOURCE- ARE MATERIALS
MADE BY PEOPLE LONG AFTER THE EVENT
BEING DESCRIBE HAD TAKING PLACE.
 DIPLOMATIC SOURCE-HISTORIANS
CONSIDER THESE SOURCE AS DOCUMENT.
 MATERIAL EVIDENCE- ALSO KNOWN AS
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE IS ONE OF THE
MOST IMPORTANT UNWRITTEN EVIDENCE.
 ORAL EVIDENCE- IMPORTANT SOURCE OF
INFORMATION FOR HISTORIANS.
 INTERVIEWS- IS ANOTHER FORM OD ORAL
EVIDENCE.
LESSON 1: THE MEANING OF HISTORY
 HISTORY AS ACTUALITY-WHOLE STORY
OF THE PAST.
 HISTORY IMPARTIALITY- HISTORICAL
OBJECTIVELY
 HISTORY AS RECORD-ONLY A TINY PART
THE WHOLE PHENOMENON.
 ARCHEOLOGIAL AND
ANTHROPOLOGICAL-ONLY SMALL PARTS
DISCOVERED A TOTAL PAST.
 AFFIRM OR REFUTE –INCOMPLETENESS
OF THE OBJECT
 VERISIMILITUDE-THE HISTORIAN AIM
ABOUT PAST.
 HISTORICAL ANALYSIS- INVESTIGATE,
COLLECT, EXAMINE SOURCE.
 HISTORICAL METHOD- EXAMING AND
ANALIZING THE RECORD AND SURVIVAL OF
THE PAST.
 HISTORICAL BIAS-OBJECT OR THINGS
THAT HAVE SINCE BEEN FORGOTTEN OR
THE EXPERIENCE OF GENERATION LONG
DEAD.
 HISTORIOGRAPHY-IMAGINATIVE
RECONSTRACTION OF THE PAST FROM
THE DERIVED BY THE PROCESS.
 HISTORICAL ANALYSIS-IMPORTANT
ELEMENT OF HISTORICAL METHOD
 TESTIMONIES OF WITNESS- ORAL OR
WRITTEN, MAY HAVE BEEN CREATED TO
SERVE AS RECORD.
 PRIMARY SOURCE- ARE ORIGINAL,
FIRST HAND ACCOUNT OF AN EVENT OR
PERIOD THAT ARE USUALLY WRITTEN.
 UNWRITTEN SOURCE- HISTORICAL
SOURCE ARE MATERIALS BY NATURE
 SCIENTIFIC TRACT- IS THE HISTORICAL
TRACT TYPICALLY COMPOSED TO INFORM
SUCCEEDING GENERATION.
 SOCIAL DOCUMENT- INFORMATION
PERTANING TO ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, POLITICAL
OR JUDICAL SIGNIFICANTS.
 NARATIVE OR LITERATURE- ARE
CHRONICLES OR TRACTS PRESENTED IN
NARRATIVE FORM.
 HISTORICAL CONTEXT-HUMAN
SETTING
LESSON3: HISTORICAL CRITICISM

 HISTORICAL CRITICISM- EXAMINE THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE LITERARY

ORIGIN OF EARLIEST TEXT
 SOURCE CRITICISM- ANALYZES AND
STUDIES THE SOURCE USE TO BIBLICAL
AUTHORS.
 FORM CRITICISM-WHICH SEEK TO
DETERMINE A UNIT ORIGINAL FORM AND
CONDITION.
 REDACTION CRITICISM- AUTHOR OF
THE TEXT AND EDITOR OF THE SOURCE
MATERIAL.
 CONONICAL CRITICISM- FOCUSES OF
THE TEXT OF THE BIBLE ON THE TEXT OF
BIBLICAL CANON.

 EXTERNAL CRITICISM-IT DETERMINES  MIDDLE AGES- REFERS TO THE ERA WHEN

AUTHENCITY OF SOURCE. HISTORICAL FORGERY WAS NOT KNOWN
 INTERNAL CRITICISM- HISTORICITY OF  19TH CENTURY- TYPE WRITING WAS
THE FACT INVENTED.
 PROVENCANCE OFA SOURCE-
DETERMINE THE AUTHENCITY OF
MATERIALS.

 19TH AND 20TH CUNTURIES – HISTORICAL  ISOGRAPHIES- IT IS DICTIONARY OR

CRITICISM WAS PROPERLY FORMED. BIOGRAPHY THANT GIVES EXAMPLE OF
 TEST OF AUTHENCITY-CONSIDERED HAND WRITING
AS HOAX OR MISREPRESENTATION FORM
THE GENIUNE DOCUMENT

 SAGILLOGRAPHIRS- HISTORICAL SEAL  HIGHER CRITICISM- DEALS WITH THE

THAT HAS BEEN SUBJECT OF SPECIAL
STUDY OF EXPERTS
 SENSUS LITERALIS HISTORICUS-
THIS MEAN THAT THE HISTORICAL TEXT ARE
PRMITIVE AND HOISTORICAL CONTEXT.
MORE IMPORTANT MATTERS THAN THE
EXTERNAL FORM.
 PALEOGRAPHY- THE DECIPHERING AND
DATING OF HISTORICAL MINUS SCRIP.

CHAPTER2
LESSON 1: FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD

 Antonio Pigafetta (ca. 1490-ca. 1534)

• Joined the Magallanes-Elcano famous expedition to the Moluccas begun in

August 1519 and finished September 1522

• Had a hand-written account of the expedition entitled "The First Voyage Around
the World" which will be analyzed later

 "The First Voyage around the World" was written in one of the 5 ships of the
Magallanes-Elcano expedition.

 These 5 ships were first one to circumnavigate around the world that was led by
Ferdinand a Magellan, explorer, and Portuguese when he died in the Battle of
Sebastian Juan Mactan, Elcano took over.
  King Charles V provided the Spanish fleet named Armada de Molucca which was led
by Magellan.-
The 5 ships
Santiago Concepcion
•Crew: 32 •Crew 43
•Under the command of Juan •Under the command of Gaspar
Serrano de Quesada
•Smallest of the 5 ships •Captain was executed because
•Called as a 'caravel' of mutiny
•First ship that has been lost •burned
•Third ship that has been lost Victoria
San Antonio •Crew: 43
•Crew: 60 Trinidad •Under the command of Luiz
•Under the command of Juan De •Crew: 55 Mendoza; soon led by Juan
Cartagena •Under the command of Sebastian Elcano
Soon led by Alvarado De Ferdinand Magellan •Antonio Pigafetta on board
Mesquita •The Flagship •First ship circumnavigated the
•Largest in the fleet •Was attacked by Portuguese world
•Second ship that has been lost ship •Only ship to complete the
•Left shipwrecked voyage
•Fourth ship that has been lost

Out of the 5 ships, only 3 ships reached in the Philippines. After the Battle of Mactan, their man
is enough to man two ships: Trinidad and Victoria. Until, they returned to Spain, only one ship
survived which is Victoria, one of the survivors was Antonio Pigafetta which kept the journal
about their expedition.
Associates, he Upon the advice of Pigafetta's presented his account to Pope Clement VII,
Philippe de Villiers I'Isle-Adam, and to Louis of Savoy to finance its publication. But, he was
unable to find a financier
THE TIMELINE DURING THEIR STAY IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Arrived in Zamal (now Samar), the island was called Humunu (now Homonhon)
•Locals welcomed them by giving them their native products such as fish, figs, coconuts, palm wine
MARCH 16, 1521
ARRIVAL IN SAMAR
THE TIMELINE DURING THEIR STAY IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Sunday morning
•Held at Mazaua (Limasawa)
•Attended by local islanders, Spanish voyagers, the two Rajas, and Magellan
MARCH 31, 1521
FIRST MASS IN THE PHILIPPINES
THE TIMELINE DURING THEIR STAY IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Arrived at the port of Zubu (Cebu), the largest and the most trade island
•Pigafetta described the inhabitants' houses that were made of logs
•Fired mortars as a "sign of peace and friendship"
•Tension between the king of Zubu and the voyagers and Magellan threatened them to rage war
APRIL 7, 1521
ARRIVAL IN ZUBU
THE TIMELINE DURING THEIR STAY IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Held mass with Raja Humabon and baptized 800 souls
•Pifagetta showed the image of Child Jesus and a cross to the queen and asked to keep in place of
her idol
•The Child Jesus is known today as Santo Niño, which is celebrated every January in Cebu
APRIL 14, 1521
IMAGE OF CHILD JESUS
THE TIMELINE DURING THEIR STAY IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Datu Zula, chief of the island Matan (Mactan) welcomed them. But Cilapulapu, the other chief,
refused to obey to the king of Spain.
•Datu Zula requested the captain to defeat Cilapulapu, which started the battle
•Natives outsmarted them, used 'patibongs' to defeat them. The voyagers were losing in this battle
APRIL 27, 1521
BATTLE OF MACTAN
THE TIMELINE DURING THEIR STAY IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Captain told them to give up this losing battle, but his men insist.
•Magellan was shot in the leg with a poisoned arrow. He died, their 'mirror', 'comfort', and 'true guide
as what Pigafetta described.
•They retreated leaving their captain dead.
APRIL 28, 1521
DEATH OF MAGELLAN
September 8, 1522 Victoria, the only •Described the faith or religion during
ship survived, finally arrived at Seville. the pre- colonial period: worshipping
Thus, ending the Magallanes-Elcano the nature.
expedition. •This account is an evidence that these
•It proved that the Philippines was rich voyagers first introduced to us
in natural resources even before the Christianity. They taught our ancestors
colonial period. worship idols.
•Described the barter trade during the •Let us know some rare animals
colonial present during that era.

•It refers to the gift which was given by

•It refers to the complete name of the Magellan to the native queen. IMAGE OF
chronicler of the document entitled, "The INFANT JESUS
Voyage around the World". ANTONIO •It refers to the name of the chief of Matan
PIGAFETTA
who had defended his people, territory, and
•It is the first ocean where the sailing ships defeated Magellan in the battle. CILAPULAPU
headed by Ferdinand Magellan crossed after
•It is the complete date of the historic battle
leaving Spain in 1519. ATLANTIC OCEAN
of Matan (Mactan).APRIL 27,1521
•It is the small passage or isthmus traversed
•It refers to the Christian name given to the
by Magellan's fleet somewhere at the tip of
first baptized queen who had the great desire
the South American continent. STRAITS OF
MAGELLAN
for conversion according to Pigafetta.
JEHANNE
•It is the vast water body that can be found
•It is the exact date of arrival of the
east of the Philippine islands.PACIFIC OCEAN
remaining fleet in San Lucar, Spain. SEPT
•It is the term used by Pigafetta which refers 6,1522
to the island where the historic mass was
celebrated.MAZAUA
 LESSON2: CUSTOMS OF TAGALOG
CUSTOM OF TAGALOG IS A NARRATIVE ON THE STABLISHED CULTURE OF THE TAGALOG IN
LUZON WRITTEN BY JUAN DE PLASENCIA, A FRANCISCAN MESSIONARY IN THE TAGALOG
REGION SINCE 1578 UNTIL 1590

 JUAN DE PLASENCIA- AUTHOR OF THE  BATHALA-WHOM THEY ESPECIALLY

DOCUMENT ENTITLED”CUSTOM OF
TAGALOG”
 DATOS- THIS PEOPLE ALWAYS HAD CHIEFS,
WHO GOVERNED THEM AND WERE
CAPTAINS IN THEIR WARS.
 BARANGAY- TERM USE TO REFER TO THE
POLITICAL UNIT ESTBALISHED BY THE
TAGALOG.
 DEATH- IS A PUNISHMENT IMPOST ON
INSULT OF DATOS DAUGHTER AND
WITCHCRAFT.
 CATALONAN- IT IS A TERM USE TO REFER
TO THE PRIEST, EITHER MAN OR WOMAN
WHO HELD HONORABLE OFFICE.
 VIBIT- GHOST
 TIKBALANG- PHANTOMS
 SIMBAHAN: MEANS TEMPLE OR PLACE OF
ADORATION
WORSHIPED, SIGNIFY”ALL POWER”OR
“MAKER OF ALL THINGS”
 NAGAANITOS- UNITED AND JOINED IN THE
WORSHIP.
 SIBI- TEMPORARY SHED OF EACH SIDE OF
THE HOUSE WITH A ROOF.
 SORIHILE- ON THE POST ON THE HOUSE
THEY SET SMALL LAMPS.
 CASANAAN-PLACE OF PUNISHMENT,
GRIEF, AFFLICTION.
 SITAN-ALL THE WECK WENT TO THAT
PLACE, THEY THERE DWELT THE DEMONS.
 PANTIANAC- WOMAN DIED IN THE CHILD
BIRTH, SHE AND A CHILD SUFFERED
PUNISHMENT.