HISTORY REVIEWER - Historical subject are always related to the conduct of
states and monarchs.
CHAPTER 1
HISTORY – study of the past.
HISTORIA - Greek word which means “knowledge acquired
through inquiry or investigation”.
-The account of the past of the person or a group of
people through written documents.
2,400 – history as discipline existed.
 History focused on writing about wars, revolutions,
and other important breakthroughs.
 Traditional Historians lived with mantra “ no
document, no history”
HISTORIOGRAPHY – is the history of history
POSITIVISM – school of thoughts between the 18th and 19th
century.
- It requires empirical and observable evidence
- It entails the objective means of arriving at a
conclusion
POSTCOLONIALISM – school of thought at 20th century when
formerly colonized nations grappled with the idea creating their
identities and understanding their societies against the
shadows of their colonial past.
 History is always written by VICTORS
HISTORY AND HISTORIANS
 The job of historian isto give meaning to these facts
and organize them into a timeline, establish causes,
and write history.
 Historian is a person of his own who influence by his
own context, environment, ideology, education, and
influences among others.
HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY – comprises certain
techniques and rules that historians follow in order to properly
utilize sources and historical evidences in writing history.
THE ANNALES SCHOOL OF HISTORY – school of history in
Frances
- Annales scholars studied the history of medicine,
history peasantry, or even the history of the
environment.
HISTORICAL SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES – sources produced at the same time as
the event period, or subject being studied.
- Example: eyewitness, archival documents, artifacts,
memorabilia, letters, census, and government records
SECONDARY SOURCES – produced by an author who used
primary sources to produce the material
- Historical sources which studied a certain historical
subjects.
 Classification of sources between primary and
secondary depends not on the period when the
source was produced or the type of the source but on
the subject of the historical research.
EXTERNAL CRITICISM – is the practice of verifying the
authenticity of evidence by examining its physical
characteristics; consistency with the historical characteristics of
the time when it produced; and the materials used for the
evidence.
INTERNAL CRITICISM – is the examination of the truthfulness
of the evidence.
It looks at the:
- Content of the source
- Circumstances of its production
- Truthfulness
- Factuality of the evidence
- Author
- Context
- Agenda
THE HOAX CODE OF KALANTIAW – the most scandalous
cases of deception in Philippine history.
DATU KALANTIAW – wrote the Maragtas which is the code of
set of rules that contained in an epic
 The Spaniard saw the age before colonization as a
dark period in the history of the island, until they
 brought light through western thought
Christianity.
ZEUS SALAZAR – a Filipino Historian who introduced the new
guiding philosophy for writing and teaching history
(PANTAYONG PANANAW)
CHAPTER 2
First Voyage Around the World by Magellan by Antonio
Pigafetta
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA
- Italian nobleman
- Chronicler commissioned by the King of Spain
- Scholar of cartography and geography
LANDRONES ISLAND – also known as Mariones Island
ZAMAL – now is known as Samar
HUMUNU ISLAND – Pigafettea referred to as the “Watering
Place of Good Signs”
- Also named as Archipelago of St. Lazarus
BALLANGHAI (BALANGAY) – a long boat full of people in
Mazzava/ Mazaua
RAIA CALAMBU – king of Zuluan and Calagan ( Butuan and
Caragua)
- Second King who Pigafetta referred as the most
handsome king
RAIA SAIGU – king of Balangay
- First King Magellan encounterd
MARCH 31ST, 1521 – easter Sunday when Magellan ordered
the chaplain to preside a Mass by the shore.
CROSS, NAIL AND THE CROWN (Magellan’s Cross) – sign
of Magellan’s emperor and that he was ordered to plant it in
the places that he would reach.
- Also if other Spaniard will come to that place it will the
sign that this place will not cause them trouble./
ISLAND OF CEYLON (Leyte), BOHOL, ZZUBU (Cebu) –
largest and the richest of the island (cebu)
and KING OF CEBU – demanded that they pay tribute as it was
customary.
 The king offered a bit of his blood and demanded that
Magellan do the same
 Magellan spoke to the king and encouraged him to be
Christian by burning all of the idols and worship the
cross instead.
 Magellan numbered 49 and the islanders od Mactan
were estimated to number 1500
 Chief name SILAPULAPU (Lapu-Lapu)
 Magellan died in the battle
 The king of Cebu offered to people of Mactan gifts of
any value and amount in exchange of Magellan’s
body but the chief refused
 Mactan keep Magellan’s body as a memento of their
victory
DUARTE BARBOSA - the new captain elected by Magellan’s
men
ANALYSIS OF PIGAFETTA’S CHRONICLE
 European standard
 Domination of the Catholic Church all over the World
 Mercantilist (system measures the wealth of
kingdoms based on their accumulation of bullions or
precious metals like gold and silver
 Europe scare in spices
THE KKK AND THE KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN
“Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan (KKK) or Katipunan” – the most important
organization formed in the Philippine history
Envisioned:
1. A united Filipino nation that would revolt against the
Spaniards for
2. The total independence of the country from the Spain
DIEGO SILANG – Ilocano who took arms and led one of the
longest running revolts in the country
- He reffered himself as ELREY DE ILOCOS (King of
Ilocos)
Illustrados Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and
Jose Rizal did not envision a total separation of the Philippines
in the Spain, but only demanded equal rights, representation,
and protection from the abuses of the friars.
KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN – one of the most Katipunan
document
333 YEARS – Spanish colonized Philippines
THE DECLARATION WAS A SHORT 2000 WORD
DOCUMENT

Manga Aral Nang Katipunan ng mga A.N.B. or Lesson of

the Organization of the Sons of the Country – the original
title of the document -
- Written by Emilio Jacinto

EMILIO JACINTO

- 18 years old when he joined the movement

- Law student in Universidad de Santo Tomas
- Secretary of the organization
- Commander of the Katipunan Northern Luzon (April
15, 1897) at 22 yrs. Old
- He died of Malaria in Magdalena, Laguna at 24
yrs/old

KARTILYA – can be treated as the Katipunan’s code of

conduct

FIRST GROUP – contains the rules that will make the member
an upright

SECOND GROUP – contains the rules that will guide the way
he treats his fellow men

 Kartilya will thus help in understanding the values,

ideals, aspiration, and even the ideology of the
organization.

ANALYSIS OF THE “KARTILYA NG KATIPUNA”

 Equality, tolerance, freedom and liberty were values

that first emerged in the 18th century
 Kartlitya was instructive not just of the Katipunan’s
conduct toward other people but also for the members
‘development as individuals in their on rights
 The rules in the Kartilya can be classified as either
directed to how one should treat his neighbour of how
one should develop and conduct one’s self

READING IN THE PROCLAMATION OF THE PHILIPPINE

INDEPENDENCE

JUNE 12, 1898 – proclamation of Philippine Independence in

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