1) History is defined as knowledge acquired through investigation and inquiry, while historiography is the study of how history has been recorded and interpreted over time.
2) Historians are influenced by their own contexts and environments but aim to be objective in their analysis of sources and facts.
3) Historical methodology involves analyzing primary and secondary sources critically to establish the truthfulness and context of the evidence being used to write history.
1) History is defined as knowledge acquired through investigation and inquiry, while historiography is the study of how history has been recorded and interpreted over time.
2) Historians are influenced by their own contexts and environments but aim to be objective in their analysis of sources and facts.
3) Historical methodology involves analyzing primary and secondary sources critically to establish the truthfulness and context of the evidence being used to write history.
1) History is defined as knowledge acquired through investigation and inquiry, while historiography is the study of how history has been recorded and interpreted over time.
2) Historians are influenced by their own contexts and environments but aim to be objective in their analysis of sources and facts.
3) Historical methodology involves analyzing primary and secondary sources critically to establish the truthfulness and context of the evidence being used to write history.
INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY, environment, ideology, education
DEFINITION, ISSUES, SOURCE AND and influences
METHODOLOGY - His interpretation of the historical facts is affected by his context and circumstances History- is derived from the Greek word - His subjectively, will inevitably “historia” means knowledge acquired influence the process of his through inquiry or investigation. historical research; the methodology he will use, the facts Historiography- history of history he shall select and deem relevant, - Let’s have a better understanding his interpretation and the form of on history his writings - Not only get to learn historical HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY facts, but also provided with the understanding of the facts and -compromises certain techniques and historians context. rules that historians follow in order to properly utilize sources and historical POSITIVISM- emerged between 18th to evidences in writing history. 19th centuries -certain rules apply in case of - Thought requires empirical and conflicting accounts in different observable evidence before one sources, and on how to properly treat can claim that a particular eyewitness accounts and oral knowledge is true sources as valid historical evidence - Positivist historians are expected to be objective and impartial not ANNALES SCHOOL of HISTORY just in their arguments but also on -a school of history born in France their conduct of historical that challenged the canons of history. research. - annales scholars: POSTCOLONIALISM Lucien Febvre - Emerged in early 20th century Marc Bloch while formerly colonized nation’s Fernand Braduel grapples with the idea of creating Jacques le Goff their identities and understanding - Studied other subjects in a their societies against the historical manner shadows of their colonial past. - They were concerned with social HISTORIAN- to seek historical history and studied longer evidences and facts but also interpret historical periods these facts - They advocated that the people and classes who were not - To give meaning to these facts reflected in the history of society in and organize them into timeline. the grand manner be provided - Establish causes with space in the records of - Write history mankind - A person of his own who is influenced by his context, - Annals thinkers married history behind its creation, the knowledge which with other disciplines like informed it, and its intended purpose geography. -entails that the historian acknowledge HISTORICAL SOURCES and analyze how such reports can be manipulated to be used as a war -primary sources, resources propaganda. produced at the same time as the event, period or subject being -validating historical sources is important studied. because the use of unverified, falsified, and untruthful historical sources can lead -eyewitness accounts of convention to equally false conclusions delegates and their memoirs are used as primary sources -without thorough criticisms of historical evidences, historical deceptions and lies -artifacts, memorabilia, and will all be probable. government records Philippine Historiography -secondary sources; sources that are produced by an author who used - Underwent several changes since primarly sources to produce the the precolonial period until material present - Ancient FILIPINOs narrated their -are historical sources, which studied history through communal songs a certain historical subjects and epics that they passed orally EXTERNAL CRITICISM form a generation to another - Spaniards came, their chroniclers -the practice of verifying the authenticity started recording their of evidence by examining its physical observations through written characteristics; consistency with the accounts. The Spanish colonizers historical characteristics of the time when narrated the history of their colony it was produced; and the materials used in bipartite view. for the evidence - Filipino historian Zeus Salazar -examples of the things that will be introduced the new guiding examined when conducting, external philosophy for writing and criticism of a document include the teaching history quality of the paper, the type of ink, and - Pantayong pananaw (for-us- from the language and the words used in the us perspective) this perspective material among others highlights the importance of facilitating an internal INTERNAL CRITICISM conversation a discourse among Filipinos about our own history, -Looks at content of the source and using the language that is examine the circumstances of its understood by everyone. production -looks at the truthfulness and factuality of the evidences by looking at the author of the source, its context, the agenda