PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 – GRADE 12

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________

Grade: ______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Quarter: 1 Week: 6 MELC(s): Illustrates and Explain the conceptual

frameworks, defines terms used in the
study and lists research hypothesis (if
appropriate) CS_RS12-if-j-6-8
Title of Textbook/LM to Study: Practical Research 2 Quarter 1 – Module 6
(Formulation of Conceptual Framework, Definition of terms and Hypothesis of the
Study)

Objectives: 1. Make a conceptual framework from the given situation;

2. Operationally define terms used in the study; and
3. Formulate hypothesis of the study.

Let Us Discover
In this Simplified Self-Learning Module, you will be able to learn about the
difference between Conceptual Framework and Theoretical Framework and make a
conceptual framework, define terms used in the study and lists your research hypothesis.
Conceptual Framework
As you begin writing your research project, you must begin to conceptualize a plan
on how you are going to go about with your research. A research framework illustrates the
structure or blue print of the research plan. It is the researcher’s synthesis of literature and
gives the readers an understanding of how the particular variables of the study connect with
each other.
There are two types of research framework classified as theoretical and conceptual
framework.
Theoretical Framework is commonly used for studies that anchor on time tested theories that
relate the findings of the investigation to the underpinning relevant theory of knowledge
Conceptual framework refers to the actual ideas, beliefs, and tentative theories that
specifically support the study.

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Differences between conceptual and theoretical framework,

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Scope
Focus of content
Number of Theories
Time of Development
 Narrow focused
 Directly related to a specific
study
 Set of related concepts to a
specific study
 May synthesize one or more
theories
 Develop while planning and
writing a specific research
 Broader
 Can be used in different
studies
 The particular theory used
already in the field.
 Presents one theory at a
time
 Already existing before the
conduct of the study.

This diagram shows examples of Conceptual framework

Research Title: HOURS OF STUDY AND THE ACADEMIC PERFOMANCE OF SHS STUDENTS.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Hours of Study Academic

Performance

This conceptual framework shows the independent and dependent variables of the study. It
is presumed that the more number of hours a student prepares for the exam, the higher would be the
expected academic performance.

Research Title: ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND HARVEST NET INCOME AMONG FARMERS OF
PROVINCE OF SOUTH COTABATO
PROCESS
INPUT OUTPUT
Application of
Organic Harvest Net
Fertilizer every
Fertilizer month Income

The input of the study is organic fertilizer which is applied every month to the crops which is part
of the process of the study in order to know the output which is harvest net income of the farmers. In
this case, the study would take four quarters in order to know whether the harvest net income is
increasing or decreasing. The conceptual framework presented above is usually utilized if the study is
experimental type of quantitative research.

Research Title: LEARNING STYLES OF SHS STUDENTS: ITS EFFECT TO SECOND QUARTER
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
DEPENDENT
INDEPENDENT
Academic
Learning Style
Performance
EXTRANEOUS
Gender, Age,
Economic Status
The independent variable of the study is the learning styles of senior high school students which
is considered as the cause or predictor of the study. The learning style of the students is connected to
the dependent variable which is the academic performance of the students in second quarter. The
extraneous variable would be a confounded to take a look whether the age, gender, and economic
status of the students have something to do with their learning style and academic performance.

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Conceptual and Operational Definitions

Good definitions in research are used so others can better understand the terms
used in the study in research methods, findings and interpretations.

There are two ways in defining the terms, the conceptual and operational definition. The
conceptual definition is the meaning of the term that is based on how it is defined in the
dictionary or encyclopedia. Operational definition, on the other hand is the meaning of the
term based on how it was used in the study.
The table below shows an example of conceptual and operational definition.

Conceptual Definition Operational Definition

The abstract or theoretical meaning of the
concept being studied.
Motivation Something that causes a
person to act. (Webster,
2004)
Problem A source of perplexity or
vexation
The researcher’s own definition of terms as
used in the study.
Ability of the student to accomplish his/her
task on time.
Inability of the student to meet his/her daily
assignments or requirements.

Research Hypothesis

Hypotheses are statement in quantitative research in which the investigator makes a

prediction or a conjecture about the outcome of a relationship among attribute or
characteristics (Creswell, 2013)

A hypothesis is a prediction or a testable statement about the relationship between

two or more variables which a researcher aims to test if it is supported or rejected. As a
researcher, you must determine whether your hypothesis is accepted or not base on the
findings and outcome of your research study. Not all studies have a hypothesis while, some
studies have several hypotheses. In formulating your research hypothesis, the following
symbols are used:

Symbols used for hypotheses

Symbol Meaning
H Hypothesis
Ho Null Hypothesis
Ha Alternate Hypothesis
H1 Alternate Hypothesis (First of possible several research hypothesis

Here are examples of research hypotheses.

Research Question Hypothesis Null Hypothesis

What are the health benefits
of eating an apple a day
Which airlines have the most
delays?
How effective is high school sex
education at reducing teen
Increasing apple consumption
in over-60s will result in
decreasing frequency of
doctor’s visits
Low-cost airlines are more likely
to have delays than premium
airlines.
Teenagers who received sex
education lessons throughout
Increasing apple consumption
in over-60s will have no effect
on frequency of doctor’s visits.
Low-cost and premium airlines
are equally likely to have
delays.
High school sex education has
no effect on teen pregnancy

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pregnancies?
What traits of a professor do
SHS students consider
important?
Does a SHS student’s
academic performance in Math
have any association with
his/her stress tolerance?
high school will have lower
rates of unplanned pregnancy
than
There is a significant difference
between the male students’
preferred professor traits and
that of female students.
There is significant relationship
between the SHS students’ final
grade in General Mathematics
and their level of stress
tolerance.
rates.
There is no significant
difference between the male
students’ preferred professor
traits and that of female
students.
There is no significant
relationship between the SHS
students’ final grade in General
Mathematics and their level of
stress tolerance.

Let Us Try

Now that you already know the basic concepts on how to design your conceptual
framework, it’s time to put into action what you have learned. You can do this!

Direction: Study the research titles below and create your own conceptual framework.
Observe the correct connection of the schematic diagram.

RESEARCH TITLE: “ONLINE SELLING AND DAILY INCOME AMONG ABM STUDENTS”

Conceptual Framework:

RESEARCH TITLE: “PANDEMIC ANXIETY AND LIFE STYLE OF THE GENERALS”

Conceptual Framework:

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 Let Us Do

Great try in creating your conceptual framework. This time let us do the definition of
terms.

Direction: Using the same research titles given above, identify and write below the variables
used in your study and define these variables both conceptually and operationally.

Research Title Variables Conceptual Definition Operational Definition

Good job! You now know how to define the terms used in your study but there is still one last
concept that you need to do.

Direction: In this activity, you will formulate your research hypothesis. Write your answer on
the box provided.
Research Title Hypothesis Null Hypothesis

Let Us Apply

Congratulations! You are now ready to apply what you have learned by doing your
own research. But first let us process your learning.

Direction: In this activity, you will briefly and concisely answer the following question.

1. What is the importance of conceptual framework in your study?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Do we need research questions and hypotheses in our research? Are there different
types of hypotheses? How do you differentiate them?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 3. What are the two ways to define terms used in the study. Briefly discussed each.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Rubrics

4 3 2 1

Concept Each section of the Each section of the Each section of the Each section of the
Arrangement diagram contains four diagram contains three diagram contains two diagram contains
facts easily identified facts easily identified facts very few facts that
That are somewhat are not easily
identified identified
Primary Student exhibits Student illustrates a Student displays a Students shows little
Source mastery of the firmer understanding limited understanding or no understanding
Content material as of most of the with of topic. There are
evidenced by similarities and some details scant details
attention to detail differences pertinent to the
brainstormed. subject matter
Linking Reflects factual Most of the Reflects some factual Contains non factual
Content information that information is factual information and information that
together corresponds with and seemingly attempts to put it in does not correspond
appropriate section corresponds with corresponding section of to the appropriate
of diagram. appropriate section of diagram. section
diagram of diagram

References

Baylon, Adonis C. ractical Research 2_Quarter 1_Module 6_Conceptual Framework

and Definition of Terms in Quantitative Research

Luzano, R. et al. Practical Research_Grade12_Q3_Mod3_Conceptual Framework

and Review of Related Literature. Version4

Silongan, Abdul,K. Practical Research 2- Grade 12 Self Learning Module (SLM).

Quarter 1 – Module 6
SSLM Development Team
Writer: RHEA MAE A. NADONG
Evaluator:Yolka A. Barbecho
Illustrator:
Creative Arts Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Education Program Supervisor – Edilbert A. Reyes
Education Program Supervisor – Learning Resources: Sally A. Palomo
Curriculum and Instruction Division Chief: Juliet F. Lastimosa
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: Carlos G. Susarno, Ph. D.
Schools Division Superintendent: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V

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