14 DẠNG BÀI IELTS READING

MATCHING HEADINGS

MATCHING INFORMATION

SENTENCE COMPLETION MATCHING SENTENCE ENDING

NOTES/TABLE/FLOW CHART COMPLETION

SUMMARY COMPLETION

SUMMARY COMPLETION WITH ABOX

MULTIPLE CHOICE TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN

CLASSIFICATIONS

PICKING FROM ALIST

YES/NO/NOTGIVEN

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

LABELLING A DIAGRAM
 Về cách làm bài IELTS Reading:

 Quan trọng nhất chỉ có 2 phần:

Phần 1: Tìm đoạn văn chứa câu trả lời cho câu hỏi của đề bài

Cách tìm: Dựa vào keywords trong câu hỏi -> tìm đúng vị trí phần liên quan (cung cấp câu trả
lời) trong đoạn văn càng nhanh càng tốt.

Lưu ý:

+ Keywords có hai kiểu:

Thứ nhất, có thể là số, ngày tháng, tên riêng, hoặc danh từ riêng.

Ví dụ: 1999, Delhi, Manchester …Trong trường hợp này, có thể đọc lướt các đoạn văn để tìm rất
nhanh vì thường nó giống y hệt từ gốc trong câu hỏi của đề bài

Thứ hai: keywords trong câu hỏi đề bài không giống hệt với từ trong đoạn văn mà được diễn đạt
theo cách khác.

Ví dụ: từ trong câu hỏi là “global”, từ trong đoạn văn có thể là “international”. Có thể rèn luyện
kỹ năng tìm các từ trong trường hợp hai này bằng cách lập bảng keyword table.

Phần 2: Đọc hiểu đoạn văn đó và đưa ra câu trả lời chính xác.

Khi tìm được đoạn văn liên quan rồi. Hãy đọc thật cẩn thận. Đọc cả câu trước và câu sau câu
chứa “keywords” nếu cần. Kiểm tra, đối chiếu với câu hỏi và chọn đáp án đúng.

 KEYWORD TECHNIQUE

Example: Fill in the gap using ONE WORD from the passage:

Pasteur is famous for _________ a process to make milk and wine safe for consumption.

Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist who is remembered for his remarkable
breakthroughs in understanding and preventing diseases. He is best known to the general public
for inventing a method to stop milk and wine from causing sickness. This method came to be
called pasteurization.
 MATCHING HEADINGS

Điền những tiêu đề (headings) được cho trước vào các đoạn tương ứng với nội dung.

Lưu ý

Số tiêu đề luôn nhiều hơn số đoạn trong bài

Thứ tự các tiêu đề không sắp xếp theo thứ tự các đoạn

Chiến lược:

1. Đọc các tiêu đề (headings) và xác định từ khóa

Mục đích: để nắm được nội dung của tiêu đề, không phải để dò tìm các từ đó trong
các đoạn.
2. Tìm câu chủ đề (topic sentences) hoặc đọc lướt các đoạn để nắm được nội dung
chính.
Câu chủ đề: thường bắt đầu bằng các từ however, but, yet, the point is, obviously, overall,
in reality, in general, the main point is, the truth is, above all, etc. Các vị trí của câu
chủ đề theo thứ tự phổ biến: đầu đoạn, cuối đoạn, câu thứ 2 của đoạn,
giữa đoạn. Tuy nhiên một số đoạn vẫn có thể không có câu chủ đề, khi đó cần đọc lướt cả
đoạn để nắm được nội dung chính.

3. Dự đoán/xác định các từ đồng nghĩa hoặc mang nghĩa tương đương giữa các tiêu
đề và câu chủ đề ở các đoạn
4. Chọn câu trả lời
Ví dụ 1:
The Reading Passage has 4 paragraphs A-D. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph
from the list of headings below

Tea and the Industrial Revolution

A Cambridge professor says that a change in drinking habits was the reason for the Industrial
Revolution in Britain. Anjana Abuja reports.

A. Alan Macfarlane, professor of anthropological science at King’s College, Cambridge has, like
other historians, spent decades wrestling with the enigma of the Industrial Revolution. Why did
this particular Big Bang – the world-changing birth of industry - happen in Britain? And why did
it strike at the end of the 18th century?

B. Macfarlane compares the puzzle to a combination lock. ‘There are about 20 different factors
and all of them need to be present before the revolution can happen,’ he says. For industry to take
off, there needs to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban populations to
provide cheap labour, easy transport to move goods around, an affluent middle-class willing to
buy mass-produced objects, a market-driven economy and a political system that allows this to
happen. While this was the case for England, other nations, such as Japan, the Netherlands and
France also met some of these criteria but were not industrialising. All these factors must have
been necessary. But not sufficient to cause the revolution, says Macfarlane. “After all, Holland
had everything except coal while China also had many of these factors. Most historians are
convinced there are one or two missing factors that you need to open the lock.”

C. The missing factors, he proposes, are to be found in almost even kitchen cupboard. Tea and
beer, two of the nation’s favourite drinks, fuelled the revolution. The antiseptic properties of tannin,
the active ingredient in tea, and of hops in beer – plus the fact that both are made with boiled water
– allowed urban communities to flourish at close quarters without succumbing to water-borne
diseases such as dysentery. The theory sounds eccentric but once he starts to explain the detective
work that went into his deduction, the scepticism gives way to wary admiration. Macfarlanes case
has been strengthened by support from notable quarters – Roy Porter, the distinguished medical
historian, recently wrote a favourable appraisal of his research.
D. Macfarlane had wondered for a long time how the Industrial Revolution came about. Historians
had alighted on one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required explanation.
Between about 1650 and 1740，the population in Britain was static. But then there was a burst in
population growth. Macfarlane says: ‘The infant mortality rate halved in the space of 20 years, and
this happened in both rural areas and cities, and across all classes. People suggested four possible
causes. Was there a sudden change in the viruses and bacteria around? Unlikely. Was there a
revolution in medical science? But this was a century before Lister’s revolution*. Was there a
change in environmental conditions? There were improvements in agriculture that wiped out
malaria, but these were small gains. Sanitation did not become widespread until the 19th century.
The only option left is food. But the height and weight statistics show a decline. So the food must
have got worse. Efforts to explain this sudden reduction in child deaths appeared to draw a blank.’

List of Headings
i. The search for the reason for an increase in population
ii. The time and place of The Industrial Revolution
iii. The cases of Holland, France and China
iv. Comparisons with Japan lead to the answer
v. Two keys to Britain’s Industrial Revolution
vi. Industrialization and the fear of unemployment
vii. Conditions required for Industrial Revolution
Ví dụ 2:

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

List of headings
i. Early years of Gilbert
ii. The development of chemistry
iii. Pioneers of the early science
iv. Professional and social recognition
v. Becoming the president of the Royal Science Society
vi. The great works of Gilbert
vii. His change of focus

1. Paragraph A
2. Paragraph B
3. Paragraph C
4. Paragraph D

William Gilbert and Magnetism

A
The 16th and 17th centuries saw two great pioneers of modern science: Galileo and Gilbert. The
impact of their findings is eminent. Gilbert was the first modern scientist, also the accredited father
of the science of electricity and magnetism, an Englishman of learning and a physician at the court
of Elizabeth. Prior to him, all that was known of electricity and magnetism was what the ancients
knew, nothing more than that the lodestone possessed magnetic properties and that amber and jet,
when rubbed, would attract bits of paper or other substances of small specific gravity. However,
he is less well known than he deserves.

B
Gilbert’s birth pre-dated Galileo. Born in an eminent local family in Colchester County in the UK,
on May 24, 1544, he went to grammar school, and then studied medicine at St John’s College,
Cambridge, graduating in 1573. Later he travelled in the continent and eventually settled down in
London.
C
He was a very successful and eminent doctor. All this culminated in his election to the president
of the Royal Science Society. He was also appointed personal physician to the Queen (Elizabeth
I), and later knighted by the Queen. He faithfully served her until her death. However, he didn’t
outlive the Queen for long and died on November 30, 1603, only a few months after his
appointment as personal physician to King James.

D
Gilbert was first interested in chemistry but later changed his focus due to the large portion of
mysticism of alchemy involved (such as the transmutation of metal). He gradually developed his
interest in physics after the great minds of the ancient, particularly about the knowledge the ancient
Greeks had about lodestones, strange minerals with the power to attract iron. In the meantime,
Britain became a major seafaring nation in 1588 when the Spanish Armada was defeated, opening
the way to British settlement of America. British ships depended on the magnetic compass, yet no
one understood why it worked. Did the Pole Star attract it, as Columbus once speculated; or was
there a magnetic mountain at the pole, as described in Odyssey, which ships would never approach,
because the sailors thought its pull would yank out all their iron nails and fittings? For nearly 20
years, William Gilbert conducted ingenious experiments to understand magnetism. His works
include On the Magnet, Magnetic Bodies, and the Great Magnet of the Earth.
 MATCHING INFORMATION

Chọn thông tin tương ứng với với sự xuất hiện ở từng đoạn trong bài.
Các đoạn sẽ được đánh dấu bằng các chứ A, B, C, D, …

Lưu ý

Câu hỏi sẽ không nằm theo thứ tự trong bài đọc.

Một số đoạn sẽ không chứa bất kỳ câu trả lời nào và ngược lại, một đoạn có thể chứa nhiều hơn
một “thông tin”.

Nên làm dạng câu hỏi này cuối cùng.

Tìm kiếm thông tin dễ trước. Những thông tin dễ tìm thường chứa tên, số hoặc những “từ lạ” -

Chiến lược

1. Đọc lướt để nắm được ý chính của cả bài cũng như từng đoạn.

2. Lựa chọn và gạch chân những từ khóa dễ scan (thường là những từ cụ thể như a person, a policy,
a disease, an invention, …)

3. Dự đoán một vài từ đồng nghĩa, trái nghĩa. Tìm kiếm những keyword đã gạch chân hoặc từ đồng
nghĩa của chúng trong bài.
Ví dụ:

Hearing impairment or other auditory function deficit in young children can have a major impact
on their development of speech and communication, resulting in a detrimental effect on their
ability to learn at school. This is likely to have major consequences for the individual and the
population as a whole. The New Zealand Ministry of Health has found from research carried out
over two decades that 6-10% of children in that country are affected by hearing loss.

B
A preliminary study in New Zealand has shown that classroom noise presents a major concern
for teachers and pupils. Modern teaching practices, the organization of desks in the classroom,
poor classroom acoustics, and mechanical means of ventilation such as air-conditioning units all
contribute to the number of children unable to comprehend the teachers voice. Education
researchers Nelson and Soli have also suggested that recent trends in learning often involve
collaborative interactions of multiple minds and tools as much as individual possession of
information. This all amounts to heightened activity and noise levels, which have the potential to
be particularly serious for children experiencing auditory function deficit. Noise in classrooms
can only exacerbate their difficulty in comprehending and processing verbal communication with
other children and instructions from the teacher.

C
Children with auditory function deficit are potentially failing to learn to their maximum potential
because of noise levels generated in classrooms. The effects of noise on the ability of children to
team effectively in typical classroom environments are now the subject of increasing concern.
The International Institute of Noise Control Engineering(I-INCE), on the advice of the World
Health Organization, has established an international working party, which includes New
Zealand, to evaluate noise and reverberation control for school rooms.

D
While the detrimental effects of noise in classroom situations are not limited to children
experiencing disability, those with a disability that affects their processing of speech and verbal
communication could be extremely vulnerable. The auditory function deficits in question include
hearing impairment, autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit disorders
MDD/ADHD).

E
Autism is considered a neurological and genetic life-long disorder that causes discrepancies in
the way information is processed. This disorder is characterized by interlinking problems with
social imaginations, social communication and social interaction. According to Jenzen, this
affects the ability to understand and relate in typical ways to people, understand events and
objects in the environment, and understand or respond to sensory stimuli. Autism does not allow
learning or thinking in the same ways as in children who are developing normally.

Which section contains the following information?

1. A description of a global team effort
2. A hypothesis as to one reason behind the growth in classroom noise
3. A list of medical conditions which place some children more at risk from noise than
others.
4. The estimated proportion of children in New Zealand with auditory problems.
 SENTENCE COMPLETION

Điền từ vào chỗ trống trong câu

Số lượng từ được giới hạn trước

Lưu ý:

Câu hỏi xuất hiện theo thứ tự, nói cách khác, phần trả lời câu 2 sẽ nằm sau phần trả lời câu 1
trong bài đọc.

Chiến lược:

1.Đọc kỹ câu hỏi

2.Xác định loại từ cần điền vào chỗ trống (Danh từ, động từ, tính từ, trạng từ…) và số lượng từ
cần điền (1 từ, 2 từ hay 3 từ)
3.Lựa chọn một vài từ khóa dễ scan (tên riêng, tên địa danh, thuật ngữ)
 Ví dụ:

Power-packed fliers

For their size, birds are tremendously powerful creatures. We know this thanks to an ingenious
series of tests performed by researchers at Duke University in North Carol. The researchers placed
a specially trained and small bird called budgerigar in a wind tunnel and measured how much
muscle power it needed to maintain flight at various airspeeds up to 50 kilometres per hour. The
small bird had to be trained, not only because it had to fly in the artificial environment of the wind
tunnel. but also because it had to do so while wearing a tiny oxygen mask. The mask allowed
zoologist Vance Tucker and his colleagues to monitor the budgerigar's oxygen demand, and thus
the amount of mechanical energy it was producing.

Questions: Use no more than THREE WORDS to complete the sentences.

1. Scientists have done experiements on birds in a………………..
2. The birds reached a maximum hourly flight distance of………………
3. The aim of scientists was to calculate the amount of ………………. they needed to fly
 MATCHING SENTENCE ENDING

Nối nửa đầu của câu cho trước với phần đuôi phù hợp

Lưu ý:

Câu hỏi xuất hiện theo thứ tự trong bài đọc

Chiến lược:

1. Đọc câu hỏi đầu tiên; gạch chân hoặc đánh dấu các từ khóa.
2. Sử dụng các từ khóa trong câu để tìm các từ trong bài văn.
3. Đọc kỹ các thông tin có trong bài văn và hiểu kỹ chúng.
4. Đọc lướt qua các đuôi; gạch chân hoặc đánh dấu các từ khóa.
5. Chọn các đuôi phù hợp với các ý tưởng trong bài văn.
6. Đảm bảo rằng các đuôi là phù hợp và đúng ngữ pháp.
Ví dụ:

Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-G below.

Waste disposal

Until now, Britain has opted for burying most of its rubbish. Around four fifths of municipal waste
is sent to landfill sites. This approach has made considerate sense in an island with sites to spare
because of its particular geology and its history of quarrying.

But landfill sites are getting scarce, particularly in southern England, where most people live. And
they are becoming expensive to run as the government insists on safeguards against environmental
hazards like the leaching of toxic waste into underground aquifers. But the biggest constraint on
dumping stuff in landfill sites is Britain’s commitment to meet – about 60% of household rubbish
– that is put into landfill sites. These targets are intended to cut emissions of methane (a greenhouse
gas) and to reduce the risk of water contamination from landfill.

If you can’t bury it, an alternative is to burn it. This certainly seemed to be the initial thrust of
government thinking a few years ago. A programme to build as many as 130 new incinerators was
envisaged. But burning also entails environmental risks. Although new incinerators are now much
cleaner than earlier ones, people are scared of exposure to dangerous chemicals like cancer-
producing dioxins. The political difficulties in selling an expansion of incineration are immense.

1. The presence of old mines in Britain has

2. To make landfill sites safer, the authorities have

3. In order to comply with European targets, Britain has

4. Burning rubbish is not popular because people have

A agreed to reduce waste levels. E released toxic waste

B replaced old incinerators. F imposed safety laws.

C destroyed most of the municipal waste. G become anxious about the pollution levels.

D encouraged rubbish burial.

 NOTES/ TABLE/ FLOW CHART COMPLETION

Hoàn thành ghi chú, bảng biểu, sơ đồ

Số lượng từ được giới hạn trước

Lưu ý:

Câu hỏi xuất hiện theo thứ tự trong bài

Phần này khác Sentence completion ở chỗ câu hỏi sẽ không ở dạng câu đầy đủ nên không phải lo
lắng về ngữ pháp nhiều.

Chiến lược:

1. Đọc kỹ câu hỏi

2. Xác định loại từ cần điền vào chỗ trống (Danh từ, tính từ, trạng từ ...) và số từ cần điền (1 từ, 2
từ hay 3 từ)
3. Lựa chọn một vài từ khóa dễ scan (tên riêng, tên địa danh, thuật ngữ)
4. Nếu không có những từ khóa dễ scan thì nên chọn một từ/cụm từ và dự đoán trước một vài
từ đồng nghĩa/trái nghĩa.
5. Scan bài đọc để tìm phần chứa thông tin cần thiết
6. Đối chiếu phần chứa thông tin và câu hỏi. Nếu không phù hợp thì quay lại bước 5
Ví dụ:

SILENCE IS NOT ALWAYS GOLDEN

A global survey has found that city dwellers have better hearing than people who live in quiet
villages, and scientists now believe that the ear needs exercise to keep in shape.

A team of scientists at the University of Giessen, Germany, has spent over a decade testing the
hearing of more than 10,000 people around the world. As expected, people exposed to
extremely loud noises at work, such as construction workers, had poor hearing. But the hearing of
those living in quiet, rural areas, such as farmers, was just as bad. Orchestral musicians and airline
pilots, by contrast, can usually hear well despite exposure to noise at work. And there is little
difference between people who go to noisy concerts and those who do not.

Hearing specialists have long believed that prolonged exposure to excessively loud noise degrades
hearing and so industrial standards are based on people’s average exposure to sound energy.
However, it is the very strong impulses, such as loud bangs, that do the most damage, whereas
exposure to continual noise ‘trains’ the ear to tolerate it.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage to fill in the blanks.

NOTES
 Research shows: need to train the ear to make it work well
 Geographical research area: (1) …………………………………
 Examples of people with poor hearing: (2) …………………………………
(3) …………………………………

 and good hearing:

(4) …………………………………

(5) …………………………………

 Most dangerous type of noise: (6) …………………………………

 SUMMARY COMPLETION

Hoàn thành bản tóm tắt

Số lượng từ được giới hạn trước

Lưu ý:

Có 2 dạng summary completion:

- Tóm tắt của toàn bộ bài

- Tóm tắt một phần của bài
 Xác định câu hỏi thuộc dạng nào để tiết kiệm thời gian tìm kiếm thông tin

Chiến lược:

1. Xác định dạng summary completion: toàn bài đọc hay một phần bài đọc. Nếu là tóm tắt toàn
bài, trong lúc làm những câu hỏi trước phần tóm tắt, nên đọc sơ qua phần tóm tắt để
xem và điền từ luôn. Ví dụ đề có 13 câu. Từ 1-6 là matching headings, từ 7-13 là summary
completion. Trong lúc làm matching headings, ta cũng có thể để ý scan qua xem chỗ nào có thể
điền được cho summary.
2. Đọc kỹ câu hỏi.
3. Xác định loại từ cần điền vào chỗ trống (Danh từ, tính từ, trạng từ ...) và số từ cần điền (1 từ, 2
từ hay 3 từ).
4. Lựa chọn một vài từ khóa dễ scan (tên riêng, tên địa danh, thuật ngữ).
5. Nếu không có những từ khóa dễ scan thì nên chọn một từ/cụm từ và dự đoán trước một vài từ
đồng nghĩa/trái nghĩa.
6. Scan bài đọc để tìm phần chứa thông tin cần thiết.
7. Đối chiếu phần chứa thông tin và câu hỏi. Nếu không phù hợp thì quay lại bước 6.
Ví dụ:

GOLD BUGS

Medieval alchemists found, in the end, that they could not create gold. Modern geochemists have
a similar problem. They find it hard to understand how natural gold deposits from. There is much
handwaving about gold-rich fluids from deep in the earth, and chemical precipitation, but the
physics does not add up. The answer may be that what is happening is not geochemical at all, but
biochemical. And a casual experiment conducted by a bacteriologist may hold the key.

Derek Lovley, of the University of Massachusetts, has been studying “metal-eating” bacteria for
two decades. These bacteria make their living by converting the dissolved ions of metallic elements
from one electrical state to another. This reduction releases energy, which the bacteria extract for
their own purposes.

Unsurprisingly, such bacteria tend to prefer common metals such as iron and manganese for lunch,
though some species are able to subsist on such exotica as uranium. Dr Lovley decided to put some
of his bacteria into a solution of gold chloride. He was fully prepared for nothing to happen, as
gold compounds are generally toxic to bacteria. Instead, the test tube containing the solution turned
a beautiful shade of purple, the colour of metallic gold when it is dispersed very finely in water.

Complete the summary below with words taken from the reading passage. Choose ONE OR TWO
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
CREATING GOLD
Even today, scientists are unable to work out how gold is made. Recently, however, they have
considered that the process may be (1) . An experiment was carried out using
bacteria that create their own (2) using metal. The types of metal these
organisms usually feed on are either (3) or . However, when the
bacteria were added to a test tube of (4)__________ solution, it changed (5) ,
indicating the presence of gold compounds.
 SUMMARY COMPLETION WITH A BOX

Hoàn thành bản tóm tắt

Từ được cung cấp trước dưới dạng đáp án A, B, C, D etc.

Lưu ý:

- Ở dạng này, các từ được cung cấp trong “box” sẽ là từ/cụm từ đồng nghĩa với từ trong
đoạn văn, chứ không phải từ y hệt trong đoạn.
- Tương tự Summary completion, Summary completion with a box cũng có 2 dạng:
+ Tóm tắt toàn bộ bài
+ Tóm tắt một phần của bài
 Xác định dạng trước khi làm

Chiến lược:

1. Xác định dạng summary completion with a box (tương tự như summary completion).
2. Đọc kỹ câu hỏi.
3. Xác định loại từ cần điền vào chỗ trống (Danh từ, tính từ, trạng từ ...) và nhìn sơ qua các đáp
án A, B, C, D, E etc.
4. Lựa chọn một vài từ khóa dễ scan (tên riêng, tên địa danh, thuật ngữ).
5. Nếu không có những từ khóa dễ scan thì nên chọn một từ/cụm từ và dự đoán trước một vài từ
đồng nghĩa/trái nghĩa.
6. Scan bài đọc để tìm phần chứa thông tin cần thiết.
7. Đối chiếu phần chứa thông tin và câu hỏi. Nếu không phù hợp thì quay lại bước 6.
Ví dụ:

Key considerations

Research shows that, when choosing a home, most people are keen to find somewhere that is in
the right place: that is close to work or study or has easy access to public transport. Property
consultants agree that cost aside, aspects such as the number or size of the rooms, or the furniture
(if the property is furnished), play a secondary role.

In the same way, the medical care in hospitals and the hospital record on this are far more important
to patients than things like whether the latest drugs are being used or whether the number of nurses
and doctors is considered exemplary.

Read the passage. Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.

A way D staffing G principle

B features E movement H prices

C contents F location I pieces

Studies indicate that people generally focus on the (1) _________ of housing, rather than on the
physical (2) _________ or the (3) _________.

This general (4) _________ also applies to medical treatment. Patients note quality of care, rather
than focusing on the level of (5) _________ at the hospital.
 MULTIPLE CHOICE

Chọn câu trả lời đúng trong 4 đáp án cho sẵn

Lưu ý:

Câu hỏi xuất hiện theo thứ tự trong bài đọc.

Chiến lược:

1. Gạch chân từ khóa trong câu hỏi.

2. Xác định vị trí thông tin có trong bài đọc thông qua các từ khóa đã xác định. Lưu ý, sử dụng kỹ
năng scanning.
3. Xác định và gạch chân các từ khóa có sẵn trong câu trả lời và cố gắng hiểu các đáp án đó (re-
phrase)
4. Đọc kỹ đoạn thông tin đã xác định được thật kỹ và đối chiếu với các đáp án. Lưu ý, nên áp dụng
phương pháp loại trừ nếu các đáp án quá giống nhau.
Ví dụ:

Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.

What does the writer say about the environmental impact of the work at Lake Magadi?

A It has little effect on the area.

B It has been going on too long.

C It has been well-planned.

D It causes harm to the birds.

For more than 60 years, the Magadi Soda Company has been taking soda ash from Lake Magadi,
south west of Nairobi, Kenya. The operation was set up without particular consideration for the
natural environment but, over the years, it has proved harmless. The factory and town which might
cause disturbance are located out of the way, about 15 kilometers from the area most densely
populated by birds. The factory effluent consists only of returning lake water, and the gaseous
emissions are only carbon dioxide and water.
 TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN

Trả lời TRUE, FALSE hoặc NOT GIVEN

Lưu ý:

Câu hỏi xuất hiện theo thứ tự trong bài đọc

Chiến lược:

1. Đọc kỹ câu hỏi

2. Lựa chọn một vài từ khóa dễ scan (tên riêng, tên địa danh, thuật ngữ)
3. Nếu không có những từ khóa dễ scan thì nên chọn một từ/cụm từ và dự đoán trước một vài từ
đồng nghĩa/trái nghĩa.
4. Để ý những trạng từ chỉ lượng (only, most, all,…), chỉ độ thường xuyên (always, usually,
rarely,…), và chỉ khả năng xảy ra (likely, possibly,…)
5. Scan bài đọc để tìm phần chứa thông tin cần thiết
6. Đối chiếu phần chứa thông tin và câu hỏi. Nếu không phù hợp thì quay lại bước 5
7. Cách đối chiếu:
- TRUE if the statement agrees with the information | Nếu thông tin tìm được trong bài trùng khớp
với câu hỏi.
- FALSE if the statement contradicts the information | Nếu thông tin tìm được có ý nghĩa mâu
thuẫn với câu hỏi. Và câu FALSE là câu có thể sửa lại thành TRUE.
-NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this | Thông tin trong đề bài không đủ để xác định
TRUE hay FALSE thì sẽ là NOT GIVEN
Ví dụ:

William Gilbert and Magnetism

A
The 16th and 17th centuries saw two great pioneers of modern science: Galileo and Gilbert. The
impact of their findings is eminent. Gilbert was the first modern scientist, also the accredited father
of the science of electricity and magnetism, an Englishman of learning and a physician at the court
of Elizabeth. Prior to him, all that was known of electricity and magnetism was what the ancients
knew, nothing more than that the lodestone possessed magnetic properties and that amber and jet,
when rubbed, would attract bits of paper or other substances of small specific gravity. However,
he is less well known than he deserves.

B
Gilbert’s birth pre-dated Galileo. Born in an eminent local family in Colchester County in the UK,
on May 24, 1544, he went to grammar school, and then studied medicine at St John’s College,
Cambridge, graduating in 1573. Later he travelled in the continent and eventually settled down in
London.
C
He was a very successful and eminent doctor. All this culminated in his election to the president
of the Royal Science Society. He was also appointed personal physician to the Queen (Elizabeth
I), and later knighted by the Queen. He faithfully served her until her death. However, he didn’t
outlive the Queen for long and died on November 30, 1603, only a few months after his
appointment as personal physician to King James.

D
Gilbert was first interested in chemistry but later changed his focus due to the large portion of
mysticism of alchemy involved (such as the transmutation of metal). He gradually developed his
interest in physics after the great minds of the ancient, particularly about the knowledge the ancient
Greeks had about lodestones, strange minerals with the power to attract iron. In the meantime,
Britain became a major seafaring nation in 1588 when the Spanish Armada was defeated, opening
the way to British settlement of America. British ships depended on the magnetic compass, yet no
one understood why it worked. Did the Pole Star attract it, as Columbus once speculated; or was
there a magnetic mountain at the pole, as described in Odyssey, which ships would never approach,
because the sailors thought its pull would yank out all their iron nails and fittings? For nearly 20
years, William Gilbert conducted ingenious experiments to understand magnetism. His works
include On the Magnet, Magnetic Bodies, and the Great Magnet of the Earth.

Questions 8-10
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

8. He is less famous than he should be.

9. He was famous as a doctor before he was employed by the Queen.
10. He lost faith in the medical theories of his time.
 CLASSIFICATION

Nối các mục như tên người, ngày tháng năm, tên các dự án hoặc nghiên cứu…với từng statement
tương ứng với nội dung trong bài.

Lưu ý:

Câu hỏi không được sắp xếp theo trình tự của bài đọc

Mỗi category có thể xuất hiện nhiều hơn 1 lần trong bài.

Chiến lược:

1. Đọc và gạch chân các categories trong bài, giới hạn phần tìm kiếm trong bài quanh các
categories đã được đánh dấu.
2. Đọc câu hỏi và gạch chân các từ hoặc cụm từ khóa.
3. Scan các từ khóa ở những đoạn đã đánh dấu ở trên.
Ví dụ:

Young Children's Sense of Identity

A. A sense of 'self' develops in young children by degrees. The process can usefully be thought
of in terms of the gradual emergence of two somewhat separate features: the self as a subject,
and the self as an object. William James introduced the distinction in 1892, and
contemporaries of his, such as Charles Cooley, added to the developing debate. Ever since
then psychologists have continued building on the theory.
B. According to James, a child's first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the
recognition that he or she exists. This is an aspect of the self that he labeled 'self-as-subject',
and he gave it various elements. These included an awareness of one’s own agency (i.e. one’s
power to act) and an awareness of one’s distinctiveness from other people. These features
gradually emerge as infants explore their world and interact with caregivers. Cooley (1902)
suggested that a lot of the self-as-subject was primarily concerned with being able to exercise
power. He proposed that the earliest examples of this are an infant’s attempts to control
physical objects, such as toys or his or her own limbs. This is followed by attempts to affect
the behavior of other people. For example, infants learn that when they cry or smile someone
responds to them.
C. Another powerful source of information for infants about the effects they can have on the
world around them is provided when others mimic them. Many parents spend a lot of time,
particularly in the early months, copying their infant's vocalizations and expressions in
addition, young children enjoy looking in mirrors, where the movements they can see are
dependent upon their own movements. This is not to say that infants recognize the reflection
as their own image (a later development). However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest
that infants' developing understanding that the movements they see in the mirror are
contingent on their own, leads to a growing awareness that they are distinct from other people.
This is because they, and only they can change the reflection in the mirror.
D. This understanding that children gain of themselves as active agents continue to develop in
their attempts to co-operate with others in play. Drum (1988) points out that it is in such day-
to-day relationships and interactions that the child's understanding of his· or herself emerges.
Empirical investigations of the self-as- subject in young children are, however, rather scarce
 because of difficulties of communication: even if young infants can reflect on their experience,
they certainly cannot express this aspect of the self directly.
E. Once Children have acquired a certain level of self-awareness, they begin to place themselves
in a whole series of categories, which together play such an important part in defining them
uniquely as 'themselves'. This second step in the development of a full sense of self is what
lames called the 'self-as-object'. This has been seen by many to be the aspect of the self which
is most influenced by social elements, since it is made up of social roles (such as student,
brother; colleague) and characteristics which derive their meaning from comparison or
interaction with other people (such as trustworthiness, shyness, sporting ability).
F. Cooley and other researchers suggested a close connection between a person’s own
understanding of their identity and other people's understanding of it. Cooley believed that
people build up their sense of identity from the reactions of others to them, and from the view,
they believe others have of them He called the self- as-object the ’looking-glass self', since
people come to see themselves as they are reflected in others. Mead (1934) went even further,
and saw the self and the social world as inextricably bound together. The self is essentially a
social structure, and it arises in social experience. It is impossible to conceive of a self-arising
outside of social experience.'

Look at the following findings and the list of researchers below. Match each finding
with the correct researcher or researchers, A-D

1. A sense of identity can never be formed without relationships with other people.

2. A child’s awareness of self is related to a sense of mastery over things and people.

3. Observing their own reflection contributes to children’s self awareness.

List of Researchers:

A. James

B. Cooley

C. Lewis and Brooks-Gunn

D. Mead
 PICKING FROM A LIST

Thí sinh được cung cấo 1 danh mục liệt kê các lựa chọn (thường nhiều hơn 5) và được yêu cầu
phải chọn nhiều hơn 1 đáp án trong số đó để trả lời câu hỏi liên quan đến bài đọc.

Lưu ý:

Danh sách lựa chọn có thể là cụm từ hay câu

Câu trả lời sẽ thường xuất hiện theo thứ tự trong danh sách lựa chọn.

Chiến lược:

1. Đọc kỹ câu hỏi và gạch chân các từ khóa/đọc và xác định từ khóa trong yêu cầu (để xác định
đúng thông tin cần tập trung)
2. Xác định số lượng đáp án cần chọn theo yêu cầu (thường yêu cầu này sẽ được viết hoa trong
câu hỏi, ví dụ Which TWO factors…?)
3. Đọc qua danh sách lựa chọn và nắm nội dung
4. Scan để tìm ra đoạn đọc đề cập đến nội dung cần tìm (đoạn có chứa từ khóa).
Chú ý những cụm từ/cách diễn đạt có nghĩa tương đương, vì không bao giờ danh mục
liệt kê sẽ được lặp lại y hệt trong bài.
Ví dụ:

E
Gilbert’s discovery was so important to modern physics. He investigated the nature of magnetism
and electricity. He even coined the word “electric”. Though the early beliefs of magnetism were
also largely entangled with superstitions such as that rubbing garlic on lodestone can neutralise its
magnetism, one example being that sailors even believed the smell of garlic would even interfere
with the action of compass, which is why helmsmen were forbidden to eat it near a ship’s compass.
Gilbert also found that metals can be magnetised by rubbing materials such as fur, plastic or the
like on them. He named the ends of a magnet “north pole” and “south pole”. The magnetic poles
can attract or repel, depending on polarity. In addition, however, ordinary iron is always attracted
to a magnet. Though he started to study the relationship between magnetism and electricity, sadly
he didn’t complete it. His research of static electricity using amber and jet only demonstrated that
objects with electrical charges can work like magnets attracting small pieces of paper and stuff. It
is a French guy named du Fay that discovered that there are actually two electrical charges, positive
and negative.

F
He also questioned the traditional astronomical beliefs. Though a Copernican, he didn’t express in
his quintessential beliefs whether the earth is at the centre of the universe or in orbit around the
sun. However, he believed that stars are not equidistant from the earth but have their own earth-
like planets orbiting around them. The earth itself is like a giant magnet, which is also why
compasses always point north. They spin on an axis that is aligned with the earth’s polarity. He
even likened the polarity of the magnet to the polarity of the earth and built an entire magnetic
philosophy on this analogy. In his explanation, magnetism is the soul of the earth. Thus a perfectly
spherical lodestone, when aligned with the earth’s poles, would wobble all by itself in 24 hours.
Further, he also believed that the sun and other stars wobble just like the earth does around a crystal
core, and speculated that the moon might also be a magnet caused to orbit by its magnetic attraction
to the earth. This was perhaps the first proposal that a force might cause a heavenly orbit.

Questions 11-13

Choose THREE letters A-F. Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
Which THREE of the following are parts of Gilbert’s discovery?

A. Metal can be transformed into another.

B. Garlic can remove magnetism,

C. Metals can be magnetised

D. Stars are at different distances from the earth.

E. The earth wobbles on its axis.

F. There are two charges of electricity.

 YES/NO/NOT GIVEN

Trả lời YES, NO hoặc NOT GIVEN

Lưu ý:

Câu hỏi xuất hiện theo thứ tự trong bài

Có một số câu hỏi chúng ta cần phải hiểu thông tin và tự suy luận ra hàm ý của tác giả vì đây là
dạng có liên quan đến ý kiến, quan điểm cá nhân của tác giả

 Điểm khác biệt cơ bản giữa T/F/NG và Y/N/NG

Chiến lược:

Tương tự dạng T/F/NG

Cách đối chiếu:

YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer | Nếu thông tin trong câu hỏi đồng ý với
ý kiến của tác giả.
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer | Nếu thông tin trong câu hỏi mâu thuẫn
với ý kiến của tác giả.

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this | Người đọc không thể biết
được tác giả nghĩ gì về thông tin được đề cập câu hỏi.
Ví dụ:

When evolution runs backwards

More recently, however, examples have been reported that break the time limit, suggesting that
silent genes may not be the whole story. In a paper published last year, biologist Gunter Wagner
of Yale University reported some work on the evolutionary history of a group of South American
lizards called Bachia. Many of these have minuscule limbs; some look more like snakes than
lizards and a few have completely lost the toes on their hind limbs. Other species, however, sport
up to four toes on their hind legs. The simplest explanation is that the toed lineages never lost their
toes, but Wagner begs to differ. According to his analysis of the Bachia family tree, the toed species
re-evolved toes from toeless ancestors and, what is more, digit loss and gain has occurred on more
than one occasion over tens of millions of years.

So what’s going on? One possibility is that these traits are lost and then simply reappear, in much
the same way that similar structures can independently arise in unrelated species, such as the dorsal
fins of sharks and killer whales. Another more intriguing possibility is that the genetic information
needed to make toes somehow survived for tens or perhaps hundreds of millions of years in the
lizards and was reactivated. These atavistic traits provided an advantage and spread through the
population, effectively reversing evolution.

But if silent genes degrade within 6 to million years, how can long-lost traits be reactivated over
longer timescales? The answer may lie in the womb. Early embryos of many species develop
ancestral features. Snake embryos, for example, sprout hind limb buds. Later in development these
features disappear thanks to developmental programs that say ‘lose the leg’. If for any reason this
does not happen, the ancestral feature may not disappear, leading to an atavism.

Questions 1-4

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 211? In
boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, write –

YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
1. Wagner was the first person to do research on South American lizards.

38. Wagner believes that Bachia lizards with toes had toeless ancestors.

39. The temporary occurrence of long-lost traits in embryos is rare.

40. Evolutionary throwbacks might be caused by developmental problems in the womb.

 SHORT ANSWER QUESTION

Trả lời câu hỏi

Số lượng từ được giới hạn trước

Lưu ý:

Câu hỏi xuất hiện theo thứ tự trong bài đọc

Chiến lược:

1. Đọc kỹ câu hỏi

2. Xác định loại từ cần trả lời (Danh từ, tính từ, trạng từ ...) và số từ cần điền (1 từ, 2 từ hay 3 từ)

3. Lựa chọn một vài từ khóa dễ scan (tên riêng, tên địa danh, thuật ngữ)

4. Nếu không có những từ khóa dễ scan thì nên chọn một từ/cụm từ và dự đoán trước một vài
từ đồng nghĩa/trái nghĩa.

5. Scan bài đọc để tìm phần chứa thông tin cần thiết

6. Đối chiếu phần chứa thông tin và câu hỏi. Nếu không phù hợp thì quay lại bước 5.
Ví dụ: The 2003 heatwave

The 15,000 excess deaths in France during August, compared with previous years, have been
related to the high night-time temperatures. The number gradually increased during the first 12
days of the month, peaking at about 2,000 per day on the night of 12-13 August, then fell off
dramatically after 14 August when the minimum temperatures fell by about 5°C. The elderly were
most affected, with a 70 per cent increase in mortality rate in those aged 75-94.

For Britain, the year as a whole is likely to be the warmest ever recorded, but despite the high
temperature record on 10 August, the summer itself - defined as the June, July and August period
- still comes behind 1976 and 1995, when there were longer periods of intense heat. “At the
moment, the year is on course to be the third hottest ever in the global temperature record, which
goes back to 1856, behind 1998 and 2002, but when all the records for October, November and
December are collated, it might move into second place/' Professor Jones said. The ten hottest
years in the record have all now occurred since 1990. Professor Jones is in no doubt about the
astonishing nature of European summer of 2003. “The temperatures recorded were out of all
proportion to the previous record," he said. “It was the warmest summer in the past 500 years and
probably way beyond that. It was enormously exceptional."

His colleagues at the University of East Anglia's Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research are
now planning a special study of it. “It was a summer that has not been experienced before, either
in terms of the temperature extremes that were reached, or the range and diversity of the impacts
of the extreme heat," said the centre's executive director, Professor Mike Hulme. “It will certainly
have left its mark on a number of countries, as to how they think and plan for climate change in
the future, much as the 2000 floods have revolutionised the way the Government is thinking about
flooding in the UK. The 2003 heatwave will have similar repercussions across Europe."

Questions 1-2

Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each
answer.

1. What are the other two hottest years in Britain besides 2003?

2. What will also influence government policies in the future like the hot summer in 2003?
 LABELLING A DIAGRAM

Dán nhãn biểu đồ/ Điền từ vào biểu đồ

Số lượng từ được giới hạn trước

Lưu ý:

Câu hỏi xuất hiện hầu hết theo thứ tự trong bài đọc, Tuy nhiên, vẫn có một số trường hợp thứ tự
xuất hiện của đáp án không khớp với thứ tự của câu hỏi.

Chiến lược:

1. Đọc kỹ câu hỏi hoặc phân tích kĩ hình ảnh, biểu đồ

2. Xác định loại từ cần điền vào chỗ trống (Danh từ, tính từ, trạng từ ...) và số từ cần điền (1 từ, 2
từ hay 3 từ)
3. Lựa chọn một vài từ khóa dễ scan (tên riêng, tên địa danh, thuật ngữ)
4. Nếu không có những từ khóa dễ scan thì nên chọn một từ/cụm từ và dự đoán trước một vài
từ đồng nghĩa/trái nghĩa.
5. Scan bài đọc để tìm phần chứa thông tin cần thiết
6. Đối chiếu phần chứa thông tin và câu hỏi. Nếu không phù hợp thì quay lại bước 5.
Ví dụ:

The electric revolution

An innovative company called Better Place is aiming to make electric cars an option for all drivers.
It wants to see existing vehicles replaced by electric vehicles which, it says, offer a number of
benefits. Firstly, they can be powered by renewable energy which produces zero emissions. What
is more, electric motors are more efficient and can convert more than 90 percent of power into
movement, whereas the efficiency of diesel or petrol engines is less than 20 percent. To achieve
its aim, Better Place plans to use technology which is already available.

The plan is simple but revolutionary. It starts with the installation of a home charge point, and
through this, the vehicle will be plugged into the electricity grid whenever it is in the garage,
typically at night. In the morning, with a fully charged battery, the car is capable of as much as
160 km in urban motoring conditions. In addition to the home charge point, the battery can be
topped up by charge points at work and at supermarkets.

The battery is linked to a control centre by smart technology inside the vehicle. Better Place can
then ensure that the car is charged with electricity from renewable sources at the cheapest price.
For longer trips, a navigation system directs the driver to the nearest switch station, where the
depleted battery can be replaced with a charged one by a robot within a couple of minutes.

Questions 1-6

Complete the labels on the diagram below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each
answer.
 KEYWORD TABLE
KEYWORDS IN THE SIMILAR WORDS IN THE MEANING
QUESTION PASSAGE