Rb‡bi cÖv_wgK Av‡jvPbv I msÁv

cÖv_wgK Av‡jvPbv:
Dw™¢‡`i mv‡_ wgjm¤úbœ wb¤œ‡kÖYxi Rxe e¨vK‡Uwiqvq A‡hŠb Rbb-B cÖavb| Z‡e, eskMwZ I e¯‘
Z_v †µv‡gv‡Rvg ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g wKQz msL¨v e„w× nq e‡j A‡bK weÁvbx †hŠb Rbb Av‡Q e‡j
aviYv K‡ib|
wØgZ‡cvlYKvix weÁvbx

Lederberg Tatum
G‡ÿ‡Î wb‡¤œi we‡kl †bvUwU GKevi †`‡L bvI:
‡hŠb Rbb: cÖK…Z c‡ÿ e¨vK‡Uwiqvq †hŠb Rbb N‡Ubv ïay gvÎ eskMZxq e¯‘i ¯’vbvšÍi N‡U|
Z‡e,
1. wg‡qvwmm N‡U bv,
2. M¨v‡gU m„wó nq bv,
3. RvB‡MvU ˆZix nq bv,
4. wWcø‡qW ˆZix nq bv,
eskMwZ I e¯‘ ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g †hŠb cÖeYZvi cÖwµqvwU weÁvbx Lederberg I Tatum 1958
mv‡j Escherichia coli e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z Avwe®‹vi K‡i †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Qb|
Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv ‡_‡K Avgiv wb‡¤œv³fv‡e e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Rbb‡K fvM Ki‡Z
cvwi:
1. ‡hŠb Rbb (Sexual Reproduction):
a) KbRy‡Mkb (Conjugation)
b) UªvÝdi‡gkb (Transformation)
c) UªvÝWvKkb (Transduction)
Rvb! ‡Kb Uvbv-Uvwb K‡iv?
2. A‡hŠb Rbb (Asexual Reproduction):
a) wØ-fvRb (Binary Fission)
b)gyKz‡jv`Mg (Budding)
c) MwbwWqv (Gonidia)
d)KwbwWqv (Conidia)
e) AšÍt‡iYy ˆZix (Endo-spore)
 wKQz msÁv
*UªvÝdi‡gkb: cwi‡ek †_‡K wfbœ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi DNA (we‡kl K‡i g„Z e¨vK‡Uwiqvi DNA) Ab¨
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi MÖnxZv †Kv‡l cÖ‡ek K‡i Recombination K‡i msL¨v e„w× Ki‡j Zv‡K UªvÝdi‡gkb
e‡j| weÁvbx Frederick I Griffith 1928 mv‡j Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| cÖvq me e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z N‡U|

*UªvÝWvKkb: cwi‡ek †_‡K (dvh fvBiv‡mi gva¨‡g) wfbœ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi DNA Ab¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi
MÖnxZv †Kv‡l cÖ‡ek K‡i Recombination K‡i msL¨v e„w× Ki‡j Zv‡K UªvÝWvKkb e‡j| weÁvbx
Zinder I Lederberg 1952 mv‡j Salmonella bvgK e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z GB cÖwµqvwU Avwe®‹vi
K‡ib|

* KbRy‡Mkb: `ywU e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kv‡li Nwbô ms¯ú‡k©i gva¨‡g GKwU e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †µv‡gv‡Rvg Ab¨
e¨vK‡Uwiqvq ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ KbRy‡Mkb ev ms‡hvM bvwj m„wó K‡i eskMwZ I e¯‘ ¯’vbvšÍi ev †hŠb
cÖeYZv‡K KbRy‡Mkb e‡j| cÖvq me e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z N‡U|
*KwbwWqv: m~ÎvKvi RvZxq e¨vK‡Uwiqvi AMÖfvM n‡Z A‡hŠb GKK ˆZix n‡q Zv wKQzUv e„w× †c‡q
gvZ…e¨vK‡Uwiqv n‡Z c„_K nIqvi gva¨‡g (cieZ©x mPj n‡q AviI cwiYZ nIqvi gva¨‡g) ¯^vaxb
e¨vK‡Uwiqv wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk Kiv‡K KwbwWqv e‡j| Streptomyces RvZxq e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z
†`Lv hvq|

*MwbwWqv: m~ÎvKvi RvZxq e¨vK‡Uwiqvi AMÖfvM n‡Z A‡hŠb GKK ˆZix n‡q Zv wKQzUv e„w× †c‡q
gvZ…e¨vK‡Uwiqv n‡Z c„_K nIqvi gva¨‡g ¯^vaxb e¨vK‡Uwiqv wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk Kiv‡K MwbwWqv
e‡j| D`vniY: Leucothris RvZxq e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z †`Lv hvq|

* gyKz‡jv`Mg: ‡Kv‡bv GK e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z gyKzj ev Kzwo m„wó n‡q Zv ax‡i ax‡i eo nIqv Ges
gvZ… e¨vK‡Uwiqvq †µv‡gv‡Rvg LwÛZ n‡q wKQz Ask AcZ¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqvq Avkvi gva¨‡g †h bZzb
e¨vK‡Uwiqv ‰Zix nq †mB cÖwµqv‡K gyKz‡jv`Mg e‡j| Ancalomicrobium RvZxq
e¨vK‡Uwiqvq ‡`Lv hvq|
 wØ-fvRb
msÁvt
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb †µv‡gv‡Rvg Z_v cøvRwgW ‡`n
AveiYxq me‡P‡q ‡fZ‡ii ¯Íi A_©vr, cøvRgv †gg‡eªb G hy³
K‡i, cøvRwgWwU wØLwÛZ K‡i GgbwK e¨vK‡UwiqvwU wb‡RB wØ-
LwÐZ n‡q hvq| Giƒc e¨vK‡Uwiqvi wØ-LwÐZ nIqvi mvgwMÖK
cÖwµqv‡K e¨vK‡Uwiqvi wØ-fvRb e‡j|
avc mg~n :
1. e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †µv‡gv‡Rvg DNA mn gvSvgvwS ¯’v‡b cøvRgv †gg‡eª‡b hy³
nq|
2. hy³ Ae¯’vq DNA AYyjxcb N‡U mv‡_ mv‡_ †µv‡gv‡Rvg `y fvM nq|
3. G Ae¯’vq e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †KvlwU j¤^vq e„w× cvq|
4. e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ wef³ DNA I †µv‡gv‡Rvg `yB w`‡K m‡i hvq|
5. ‡Kv‡li gvSLv‡b µgvš^‡q Dfq w`K n‡Z ms‡KvPb ïiæ nq|
6. UvM©vi †cÖmv‡ii cÖfv‡K †kl ch©šÍ †KvlwU `yfv‡M fvM n‡q AcZ¨ †Kv‡l
cwiYZ nq|
7. AcZ¨ †Kvl cywó MÖnY K‡i c~Y©v½ e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z cwiYZ nq|
8. 1 w`‡b 72wU †Rbv‡ikb m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i E.coli|
 gyKz‡jv`Mg
msÁvt 1wU e¨vK‡Uwiqv cÖRb‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h
†Kv‡bv 1 cÖvšÍ n‡Z 1wU gyKzj Z_v Kzuwo m„wó
K‡i Zvi avivevwnK cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g m¤ú~Y© n‡q
bZzb AcZ¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqv ˆZwi Kivi cÖwµqv‡K
gyKz‡jv`Mg e‡j|
 avc mg~n :
1. AbyKzj cwi‡e‡k †QvU GKwU Kzuwo m„wó nq|
2. Kzuwo ax‡i ax‡i eo nq|
3. e¨vK‡Uwiqvi wbDwK¬qvmwU `yB fv‡M fvM nq|
4. wbDwK¬qv‡mi GKwU Ask Kzuwo‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i|
5. KzuwowU gvZ…‡Kv‡li mgvb n‡q c„_K nq|
6. bZzb e¨vK‡Uwiqv m„wó|
 AšÍt‡iYy/Endospore
msÁvt
e¨vK‡Uwiqv cÖwZK‚j cwi‡e‡k A‡hŠb Rb‡bi †¯úvi ev †iYy‡K
K‡i AbyK‚‡j msL¨v e„w× Kivi Rb¨ †h mvgwqK ga¨eZ©x 5 ¯Íi
wewk÷ Ae¯’v MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K AšÍt‡iYy ev G‡Ûv‡¯úvi e‡j|
 Gi gva¨‡g eske„w× K‡i bv|
 ïay cÖwZK~j Ae¯’v ˆZix K‡i|
 MVb
o cÖvPxi : o g~j MVb :
 ‡Kvl cÖvPxi|  K‡U©·|
 G‡·v‡¯úvwiqvg|  ‡¯úvi|
 ewntZ¡K|  wbDwK¬qvm|
 AšÍtZ¡K|
 ‡¯úvi cÖvPxi|
 KbRy‡Mkb
msÁvt
GKwU `vZv †Kvl I GKwU MÖnxZv †Kv‡li g‡a¨ GKwU
dvucv b‡ji g‡Zv KbRy‡Mkb bvwj m„wó nq| GB bvwjc‡_
`vZv †Kvl †_‡K mvaviYZ cøvmwgW MÖnxZv †Kv‡l
¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq| cÖ_‡g cøvmwgW †iwcø‡K‡UW K‡i `ywU nq,
GKwU `vZv †Kv‡l †_‡K hvq, AciwU bvwjc‡_ MÖnxZv
†Kv‡l ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq|
 avcmg~n wb¤œiƒc
1. `vZv I MÖnxZv †Kvl cvkvcvwk Ae¯’vb K‡i|
2. Df‡qi g‡a¨ GKwU KbRy‡Mkb bvjx ˆZix nq|
3. `vZv †Kv‡li cøvmwg‡Wi Abywjcb N‡U|
4. GKwU `vZv ‡Kv‡l i‡q hvq cøvmwgW|
5. AciwU MÖnxZv ‡Kv‡l P‡j hvq|
6. GwU GKwU eskMZxq e¯‘ ¯’vbvšÍi cÖwµqv|
 Vibrio Cholerae
MÖvg †b‡MwUf|
K‡jiv GKwU G›Uv‡ivUw·b bvgK welv³ Dcv`vb (K‡jiv‡Rb)|
K‡jiv fvBiv‡mi GKcÖv‡šÍ 1wU d¬¨v‡Rjvg _v‡K|
‰`N©¨: cÖvq 1-5 gvBµb|
cÖ¯’: 0.4-0.6 gvBµb|
KgvK…wZ|
Jla: †UUªvmvBwK¬b, ewgi Rb¨ Ñ †cÖv‡g_vwRb w_I‡K¬U
ORS (Oral Rohydration Saline)
 K‡jiv
ievU© K‡Ki Avwe®‹vi, wfweªI K‡j‡i
ÿz`ªv‡šÍ AvNvZ K‡i, K‡jiv‡Rb wg· K‡i
‡ekx n‡e Wvqwiqv, P‡j hv‡e gj cvwb
R¦i ewg wccvmv, VvÛv n‡q wLuPzwb
Pvc K‡g, cvwb K‡g, cÖ¯ªve nq eÜ
Pvgov wX‡j, †PvL e‡m, ‡`n nq g›`
m¨vjvBb Avi Wv‡ei cvwb, wb‡Z n‡e nvmcvZv‡j
Injection bv w`‡j, g‡i hv‡e AKv‡j