CE120-05/F

FUNDAMENTALS OF
SURVEYING
1 Q S .Y. 2 3 - 2 4

ENGR. RAINBOW PROVO B. AYONG

AREA MEASUREMENT BY
TAPE
 AREA MEASUREMENT BY TAPE

a. Area by Triangles
b. Area by Coordinates
c. Trapezoidal Rule
d. Simpson 1/3 Rule
AREA MEASUREMENT BY TRIANGLES
AREA MEASUREMENT BY TRIANGLES

Case 1: Known Base and Altitude

AREA MEASUREMENT BY TRIANGLES

Case 2: Two sides and Included Angle Measured

AREA MEASUREMENT BY TRIANGLES

Case 3: Three Sides Measured

Where:
S = semi-perimeter of the triangle
AREA MEASUREMENT BY TRIANGLES

Other important Formulas in Trigonometry

Area Measurement by Triangles
Given in the accompanying tabulation quantities which were
measured for a five-sided field, if the length of AB is 268.70 m,
determine the area of the field in sqm and in hectare.
Angle Observed Value
96 30’
30 30’
53 00’
Given:
57 15’ Length of AB = 268.70m
78 23’ Unknown:
44 22’ Area of the field in sqm and in
hectare = ?
64 20’
87 10’
28 10’
AREA MEASUREMENT BY COORDINATES

Basket Method:
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏

𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏

𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟐 𝟑+ 𝟑 𝟒+ 𝟒 𝟏

𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟐 𝟑+ 𝟑 𝟒+ 𝟒 𝟏
Area Measurement by Coordinates
Calculate the area of the closed traverse or field in square meters
using coordinate method.

Unknown:
Area of the closed traverse in square meters = ?
AREA MEASUREMENT BY TRAPEZOIDAL RULE

𝑏 = 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒, ℎ

ℎ = 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
ℎ = 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
ℎ = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
Area Measurement by Trapezoidal Rule
Calculate the area between offsets 1 and 10 where these offset,
scaled from the plan at interval of 10m, are:
Offset H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10
Length 16.76 19.81 20.42 18.59 16.76 17.68 17.68 17.37 16.76 17.68

Unknown:
Area between offsets 1 and 10 = ?
AREA MEASUREMENT BY SIMPSON’S ONE-
THIRD RULE

To apply Simpson’s One-Third Rule, the

number of ordinates must be odd.
Otherwise, treat the remaining
interval/intercept as trapezoid.

𝑏 = 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒, ℎ

ℎ = 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
ℎ = 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
ℎ = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒/𝑠
ℎ = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒/𝑠
Area Measurement by Simpson’s One-Third Rule
Calculate the area between offsets using Simpson’s One-Third
Rule.
Chainage (m) 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

Offset (m) 0 5.49 9.14 8.53 10.67 12.50 9.75

Unknown:
Area between offsets = ? To apply Simpson’s One-Third Rule, the
number of ordinates must be odd.
Otherwise, treat the remaining
interval/intercept as trapezoid.
 AREA MEASUREMENT BY TAPE

Trapezoidal Rule Simpson’s Rule

The boundary between the ordinate The boundary between the ordinates
is considered to be straight is considered to be an arc of a
parabola

There is no limitation. It can be To apply this rule, the number of

applied for any number of ordinates ordinates must be odd

It gives an approximate It gibes a more accurate result