Zagazig University

Faculty of Engineering
Electronics and Communication Department

Graduation Project 2022-2023

The broadband techniques that can be utilized to extend the

circuit bandwidth
Student Names

Alaa Ahmed Salah Shaheen

Supervisor: Dr. Ahmed Reda & Dr. Ahmed Wahba

01
Outlines
❑ Introduction
❑ Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
❑ Time Division Multiplexing

10 Gbps Optical Receiver for XG(S)-PON ONU 02

Outlines
❑ Introduction
❑ Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
❑ Time Division Multiplexing

10 Gbps Optical Receiver for XG(S)-PON ONU 03

Introduction
❑ Generally, a communication channel can carry only one signal
at any moment in time. This waste bandwidth.
❑ Using multiplexing to overcome this drawback .
❑ By using the multiplexing technique, we can easily send
multiple signals simultaneously over a communication channel

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Without Multiplexing vs With Multiplexing
Without Multiplexing
Carries only one signal at any moment in time.
large amount of bandwidth is wasted.
10 Gbps Optical Receiver for XG(S)-PON ONU
With Multiplexing
Carries three signals simultaneously.
uses only one communication channel
the bandwidth is effectively used.
05
Multiplexing
❑ Multiplexing is the process of combining multiple signals into
one signal.
❑ The device that does multiplexing, can be called as a MUX
❑ Types of Multiplexing
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
• Time Division Multiplexing
-Synchronous TDM -Asynchronous TDM
10 Gbps Optical Receiver for XG(S)-PON ONU 06
Outlines
❑ Introduction
❑ Wavelength Division Multiplexing
❑ Time Division Multiplexing

10 Gbps Optical Receiver for XG(S)-PON ONU 07

Wavelength Division Multiplexing
❑ Wavelength division multiplexing is a technology that increases
the bandwidth of a of a optical fiber . Several different signal
can be transported simultaneously on the fiber
❑ WDM techniques are of two types:
• Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
• Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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Wavelength Division Multiplexing
❑ Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
• Transmit a large number of optical signals simultaneously
• Has the ability to transmit up to 80 channels with (0.8 nm) spacing.
• Signal is transmitted a long distance.
❑ Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
• Has the ability to transport up to 18 optical signals per optical fiber.
• It is designed for short distance

10 Gbps Optical Receiver for XG(S)-PON ONU 09

Outlines
❑ Introduction
❑ Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
❑ Time Division Multiplexing

10 Gbps Optical Receiver for XG(S)-PON ONU 10

Time division multiplexing
❑ Time division multiplexing (TDM) :The channel is divided into
equal fixed-length time slots . TDM is commonly used to
increase data transmission efficiency.
❑ Time Division Multiplexing is mainly classified into two types:
❑ Synchronous TDM (Time Division Multiplexing)
❑ Asynchronous TDM (Time Division Multiplexing)

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Synchronous TDM
❑ Each signal is transmitted in fixed time slots regardless if the
device has any data to transmit or not.

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Asynchronous TDM
❑ The time slots are not fixed but vary depending on how much
data is transmitted

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 Thanks!

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