FOUR PERIODS OF MEDIA LANDSCAPE IN THE 20TH CENTURY

-Printing press

-telegraph/ telephone

-photographs, sound, movies

-radio/ television

WWW- World Wide Web

IOT- Internet of Things

UNDERSTANDING COMMUNICATION

NATURE OF COMMUNICATION

1. It is a two-way process- Understanding between two or more person. A person cannot communicate
with himself.

2. It is continuous- Exchange of ideas and opinion amongst people is an ongoing process.

3. It is dynamic- Depending upon their moods and behavior.

4. Pervasive- It takes place in all levels (top, middle, low) in all functional areas.

5. Between two person or among several people- Minimum two people (sender and receiver) Must be
present for communication to take place

6. Exchange- Exchange of ideas and opinions. People interact and develop understanding for each other.

7. Means of unifying organizational activities- Communicating to people in the external environment.

(Talking to neighbor) (buying something from a store)

8. Involves verbal and non-verbal form- Words are active carriers of information, gestures, facial
expression, sounds, signs, and symbol.

9. Involves mutual understanding- Communication is considered effective when sender and receiver
develop mutual understanding of the subject. Message conveyed should be understood by the receiver.

10.Goal oriented- Receiver and sender should know the purpose they intend to achieve through
communication. For communication to be successful we need to establish the purpose.

11. Foundation of management- Communication are require amongst managers at various levels.

12. It is means not an end- We communicate because we want to achieve something. Effective
communication is a means toward achieving the end.
13. A human activity- If people do not understand each other’s perspective there cannot be an effective
communication.

14. Inter- disciplinary- Making best use of discipline makes communication effective to improve
ourselves and our relationship with other people.

IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION

1. BASIS FOR PLANNING- Exchanging of ideas. Basic function of management is planning. If plans are
well design, we can achieve one’s goal.

2. MOTIVATION TO WORK- It help the manager to know the needs of their employees so that they can
provide and inspire them to develop positive attitude towards the work environment. People are
motivated to work if their needs are satisfied.

3. JOB SATISFACTION- Exchange of information develop trust, confidence and faith amongst manager
and subordinates.

4. COMMITMENT TO ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES- Managers who follow an effective system of

communication understand employees needs adopt suitable motivates to satisfy them so that
everybody will be happy.

5. COORDINATION- Is the key to organizational success and communication is an active contributor to

coordination.

6. ADAPTABILITY- To survive in the external environment, it can be done through communication

system in the organization.

7. INTERNAL FUNCTIONING OF AN ENTREPRISE-

8. HEALTHY WORK RELATIONS- Satisfied workers contribute to healthy organization. Communication

brings manager and employees closer.

9. HELPS IN PERFORMING MANAGERIAL ROLES- Managers takes the final decision. They take important
decisions and communicate them to organizational members for their effective implementation.

10. FACILITATES LEADERSHIP- Effective leaders interact with followers, guide, and inspire them to
perform the individual and organizational goals.

11. FACILITATES CONTROL- Directions are being said through communication. Control function depends
upon communication system of the organization.

12. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT- Importing training and development facilities to employees.

13. SUBSTANCE TO ORGANIZATIONAL EXISTENCE- Coordinating their activities for survival and growth.
This is possible through effective communication.
ENGLISH- Universal language. Comes from the word “angles” spoken by the Angle- Saxons.

AMERICAN ENGLISH- American English is spoken in United States. The characteristic of American
English is that the intonation of this does not rise or fall as much as British English and American English
pitch is higher and the pronunciation of this is nasal.

BRITISH ENGLISH- First to adapt English language. British English is the oldest variety of English and it
is spoken and written in United Kingdom. The characteristic of British English is that it has r- stopping
and it has schwas sound and it also have glottal stop.

There are a lot of words in British and American English is way different from each other but has the
same meaning like in British they call it reception but in American they call it front desk. Nevertheless,
they are the same. Another example of this is in British they call it dear but in American they call it
expensive. And in British they call it plaster but as well as the Americans we call it band aid. And many
other words.

CANADIAN ENGLISH- is the set of varieties of English native to Canada. Canadians prefer to use double
consonants while Americans keep their consonant single. Sounds like American.

AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH- Very much like British or Irish English. Difference pronunciation of h.

INDIAN ENGLISH- Very much like British English. No distinction between v and w.

PHILIPPINE ENGLISH- Much like American English. The characteristic of the intonation is sing-sang.
 VARIETIES OF LANGUAGE

Varieties of language - it refers to any distinctive form of a language. It refers to the state of having
different forms or types.

ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE VARIETIES

-Social

-Historical

-Spatial

-Or a combination of these

PIDGIN LANGUAGE -New language develop in situations where speakers of different language need to
communicate but do not share a common language. No native speakers and it arises quickly for
functional communication or there is a need for communication for a certain situation. Pidgins begin as
restricted. ex: Nigerian Pidgin & Bislama Language

APPLACHIAN LANGUAGE OR PIDGIN AND CREOLE - new language that establishes when speakers of
different languages encounter each other and have a need to communicate.

AAVE- AFRICAN AMERICAN VERNACULEN ENGLISH- Influential. Source of many slangs expression.
AAVE is not broken standard English. It is developed as a creole language but then converted in standard
English.

CREOLE LANGUAGE - it usually starts as a pidgin, but if the language survives it becomes the language
of the next generation, then it will eventually be creole language. For example, their children grow up in
that pidgin language and it became their native language.

FILIPINISM - grammatically incorrect words or phrases that appear to be correct in usage but are
grammatically incorrect. Words and phrases only Filipinos use.
 DISTINCT REGISTERS

FROZEN- historic language or communication intended to remain unchanged.

Examples: Holy Bible, Prayer, Romeo and Juliet, National Anthem

FORMAL- used in professional or academic where communication is expected to be respectful,

uninterrupted, and restrained. Slang is never used.

Examples: Business letters, essays, reports, announcements

CONSULTATIVE- used in conversation when they are speaking with someone who has specialized
knowledge or who is offering advice.

Example: physical examination, News broadcast

CASUAL- used when they are with friends, close acquaintances and co-workers, and family.

Example: Birthday party

INTIMATE- usually between only two persons and often in private.

Example: whisper in your lover’s ear.

REGISTERS CLASSIFICATION

FORMAL LANGUAGE- More appropriate for professional writing and letters to a boss or stranger.

Examples: Business letters, essays, reports, announcement

RULES:

-Do not use contractions

-Spell out numbers

- Write in the 3rd persons point of view.

-Avoid using slang.

-Avoid abbreviation and acronyms.

- Do not start with like so, but, also

- Always write in complete sentences.

- Write longer more complex sentences.

INFORMAL LANGUAGE- Writing to friends or people you knew very well.

Example: Diaries and vlogs

NO MAJOR RULES.

-jokes

-slang

-abbreviations

-acronyms

NEUTRAL LANGUAGE- Not necessarily formal or informal. Used to deliver facts.

Example: Article, Reviews

AMANO, MICAELLA ANTONETTE M.

BSOA 2C