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TEST I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read the following statements carefully and choose the
best answer. Write the letter only.

A. 1. Cognitive psychologists have studied the distinctions among learners in the

manner they absorb or process information. The most important factor that
separated novice and expert learners is
a. metacognition c. Metacognitive
b. Meta-memory d. None of the above
D. 2. Huitt believes that metacognition includes the ability to ask and answer the
following types of questions. Which question does not manifest metacognition?
a. What do I know about this subject, topic, issue?
b. Do I know what I need to know?
c. Do I know where I can go to get some information, knowledge?
d. Do I have the amount of money needed to learn?
A. 3. Researches have shown that metacognition awareness was evident in children
as young as preschoolers. Children are believed to have the capacity to be
aware and reflective of their own ______.
a. learning b. skills c. personality d.
responsibility
A. 4. The term metacognition is attributed to Flavell. It simply means
a. “thinking about thinking” c. “Learning how to learn”
b. “active awareness and control over the d. All of the above
cognitive processes”
A. 5. The challenge is for future teachers to build among learners the capacity to
______ on their own characteristics as learners (self-knowledge), the tasks
they are to do (task knowledge) and the strategies that they can use to learn
(strategic knowledge).
a. reflect b. grow c. improve d. be
aware
B. 6. Which of the following metacognitive strategies is used when the teacher asks
the following to students at the end of the lesson? “Give me three things that
you learned and one thing that you still need to learn more,”
a. summarizing c. wrapper
b. reflective thinking d. assessment

C. 7. The term metacognition which consists of both metacognitive knowledge and

metacognitive experiences or regulation was coined by _____
a. Edward Lee Thorndike c. John Flavell
b. Benjamin Bloom d. Ralph Tyler
A. 8. Metacognitive knowledge is the result of an individual’s metacognitive
experiences. It is divided into three categories:
a. Knowledge of person variables, task variables, strategy variables.
b. Knowledge of person variables, task variables, action variables.
c. Knowledge of personality variables, task variables, strategy variables.
d. Knowledge of person variables, training variables, strategy variables.
C. 9. Metacognitive knowledge refers to acquired knowledge about cognitive
processes which is the
a. knowledge that can be used to support cognitive processes
b. knowledge that can be used to enhance cognitive processes
c. knowledge that can be used to control cognitive processes
d. knowledge that can be used to control recognition processes
D. 10. The person variables in metacognitive knowledge includes
a. how one views himself as a learner and thinker
b. how human beings learn and process information

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c. individual knowledge of one’s own learning processes.

d. All of the above
D. 11. The three variables of metacognition interact when an individual learn and
apply metacognition. Which of the following, according to Omrod does NOT
practice metacognition?
a. Knowing the limits of one’s own learning and memory capacities.
b. Knowing what learning tasks one can realistically accomplish within a
certain amount of time.
c. Knowing which learning strategies are effective and which are not.
d. Knowing the persons who can help you in your task.

A. 12. In the strategy variables of metacognitive knowledge, if your strategy to learn

is not working you can involve and employ
a. Meta-attention and Meta-memory c. Meta-attention and Meta-
recognition
b. Meta-memory and inquiry d. None of the above
C. 13. Being aware that it will take more time for you to read and comprehend a book
in educational philosophy than it would for you to read and comprehend a
novel, is an example of what variables in metacognition.
a. Strategy variables c. Task variables
b. Person variables d. All of the above
D. 14. Based on Piaget’s cognitive theory of development, what should a teacher
provide for children in the sensorimotor stage?
a. games and other physical activities to develop motor skills
b. learning activities that involve problems of classification and ordering
c. activities of hypothesis formation
d. stimulating environment with ample objects to lay with
B. 15. Lito is very aloof and cold in his relationships with classmates. Which basic goal
must have been attained by Lito during his development year according to
Erickson’s theory on psychological development?
a. autonomy b. trust c. initiative d.
generativity
B. 16. In Piaget’s concrete operational stage, what is that a child can NOT do?
a. Doing mentally what was done just physically done
b. Reasoning applied to specific example
c. Classifying objects into different sets
d. Imaging the steps necessary to complete an algebraic equation
C. 17. What is the best way to handle a child who cannot seem to stay put in one
place?
a. ignore him c. find out if he has a learning
difficulty
b. give him more work than the others d. tell him to go back to his seat
B. 18. Individuals are born with and develop their own capabilities and talents. The
principle of individual differences requires teachers to
a. give greater attention to gifted children
b. provide for a variety of learning activities
c. treat all learners alike while in the class
d. prepare modules for slow learners in the class
A. 19. The stages of psychosocial development are very relevant, highly regarded and
meaningful theory. The concept of trust vs. mistrust; autonomy vs. shame &
doubt and initiative vs. guilt are most closely related with the works of:
a. Erickson b. Piaget c. Freud d. Bruner
A. 20. Based on Piaget’s theory on cognitive development, what should a teacher
provide for children in the concrete operational stage?

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a. games and other physical activities to develop motor skills

b. learning activities that involve problems of classification and ordering
c. activities of hypothesis formation
d. stimulating environment with ample objects to lay with
B. 21. It is the process of creating new schema by modifying an existing or previously
created cognitive structure or schema. It is liken to adding a new file in the
filing cabinet.
a. accommodation b. assimilation c. acculturation d.
enculturation
B. 22. It is the tendency of a child to only see his point of view and to assume that
everyone also has his same point of view. The child cannot take the perspective of
others.
a. Decentering b. Egocentrism c. Conservation d.
Centration
D. 23. It means a positive response to the world challenges taking on responsibilities,
learning new skills and feeling purposeful during stage three of early childhood.
Parents can encourage it by encouraging children to try out their new ideas.
a. idealistic b. creative c. resourceful d. initiative
D. 24. If we don’t do so well, we may develop maladaptation and malignancies. Which
involves too little of the positive or too much of the negative aspect of the task
such as a person who can’t trust others?
a. Maladaptive b. Malignancy c. Virtue d. Guilt

C. 25. He popularized the theory of moral development. He stressed that the goal of
moral education is to encourage individuals to develop to the next stage of
moral reasoning.
a. Piaget c. Lawrence Kohlberg
b. B.F. Skinner d. Pavlov
D. 26. The key theme of Vygotsky’s theory is that social interaction plays a very
important role in cognitive development. What is an application of Vygotsky’s
idea of scaffolding?
a. Give the learner a task that challenge her ability
b. From the start leave the learner to herself because she has the power for
self-learning.
c. Don’t spoil the learner by doing what she ought to do.
d. Give the learner the necessary assistance until she can be on her own.
C. 27. Social exposure to various cultures expands a child’s pool of knowledge. Which
statements go/es with this sentence?
I. The least experiences a child has, the more disciplined he/she becomes.
II. The more experiences a child has, the richer his/her becomes.
III. The more selective parents in the exposure of their child, the more
challenged the child becomes.
a. I only c. I and II
b. II only d. III only
A. 28. Freud emphasized three components that make up one’s personality. If you
have to develop in the students a correct sense of right and wrong, with which
should you be concerned according to Freud?
A. Superego c. Id
b. Ego d. Superego and ego
B. 29. Vygotsky emphasized that effective learning happens through participation in
social activities. Which is essential in the cognitive development of persons
according to Vygotsky?
a. Independent thinking c. Individual mental work

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b. Social interaction d. Scientific thinking

C. 30. The support or assistance that lets the child accomplish a task s/he cannot
accomplish independently is called scaffolding. Which of the following indicates
scaffolding?
a. doing the task for the child while s/he watches
b. doing short cuts for the child
c. father models to his son how to saw wood
d. putting a straw in the child’s juice tetra pack for her/him
B. 31. To learn about the cognitive development of children, Piaget designed specific
tasks or Piagetian tasks. On the other hand, Kohlberg presented in his research
and asked for responses using ________ to analyze the individual moral
reasoning or development.
a. just reasoning c. community approach
b. moral dilemmas or Kohlberg dilemma d. moral reasoning
C. 32. Lawrence Kohlberg believed that children form ways of thinking through their
experiences which include understanding of moral concepts such as
I. justice III.equality
II. rights IV. human welfare
a. I only c. I and II
c. I, II, III, and IV d. II only
A. 33. Vygotsky believed in the essential role of activities in learning. Children learn do
not learn through mere
a. hands-on activities c. learning by doing
b. passive listening d. interaction with
knowledgeable adults/peers
C. 34. Stage One of Erickson’s Psychosocial stages starts from infancy to about 18
months where infants develops trust for others. A lack of this will lead to
mistrust. Hence, it is implied that parents should provide the best possible
means to
I. meet all the basic needs of the infant
II. ensure that the place within the infant moves is safe and secured.
III. provide reliability, care, and protection
IV.enroll the child in a trust fund
a. I, II and IV c. I, II, and III
b. IV only d. I only
B. 35. Mrs. Cruzado believes that students need not know the intended learning
outcome of her lesson. She proceeds to her learning activities at once without
letting them know what they are supposed to learn for the day. Which principle
of learning does Mrs. Cruzado negate?
a. Effective learning begins with setting clear expectations and learning
outcomes.
b. Learning is an active process.
c. Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning of ideas.
d. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process.
D. 36. Susan Morse stressed that “The classroom can provide more than just theory
given by a teacher in a lecture. With student diversity the classroom becomes a
public ‘place’ where community is practiced.” Which statement best summarize
the above quotation?
a. Student diversity contributes to cognitive development.
b. Student diversity can promote harmony.
c. Student diversity prepares learners for their role as responsible members of
society.
d. Student’s self-awareness is balanced by diversity.

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D. 37. A reflective teacher may see a diverse classroom as an exciting place to learn
not just for her students, but for herself, as well. On the other hand, a ____
teacher may choose to respect and celebrate diversity.
a. intelligent c. disciplinarian
b. wise d. considerate
A.38. The 14 Learner-Centered psychological principles are divided along the
following areas except ___.
a. physical and psychomotor c. developmental and social
b. cognitive and metacognitive d. individual differences
A. 39. The successful learner can create and use a repertoire of thinking and
reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning goals. Which of the following
is NOT a characteristic of a strategic thinker?
a. does not easily give up even in difficult situations
b. uses knowledge in different ways to solve problems and address concerns
and issues
c. uses experiments and trial-and-error methods to find the best solution to a
problem
d. asks others for possible solutions to problems before thinking of his or her
solution
B. 40. Teachers and parents’ encouragements, praises, and rewards can boost the
learner’s confidence. However, person’s inner drive to do something without
necessarily being forced by someone is referred to as
a. encouragement b. motivation c. emotional state d.
affective domain
B. 41. Assessment should be an ongoing process. Which of the following is the best
purpose of assessment?
a. School leaders use assessment results as basis for the rehiring of teachers
b. Assessment result improve students’ learning and teachers’ teaching
strategies and techniques
c. Assessment result help determine the number of student to be retained and
promoted
d. Assessment result are used for school planning and teacher support
systems
A. 42. Who among the students is a novice learner?
a. Rose tries out a strategy then revises it when it does not fit the problem
b. Jose reads through the difficult problem and solves it right away
c. Edna tries to recall information and procedures related to the problem
d. Dexter recalls the procedure he used previously in a similar problem
B. 43. Metacognition is one’s awareness of his or her thinking and the ability to
control it while processing a task. It involves metacognitive knowledge, which
comprises three components. Which of the following is not component
knowledge of cognition?
a. declarative knowledge or knowledge about things
b. procedural knowledge or knowledge of processes
c. conditional knowledge or knowledge of what is appropriate for the context
or situation
d. stock knowledge or stored knowledge
B. 44. Simply stated, metacognition is thinking about thinking. Which of following
statements best fits the concept of metacognition?
a. Knowing how to solve problems presented in novel ways.
b. The awareness of what is known and how to use it appropriately.
c. The ability to manipulate knowledge to arrive at the correct answer.
d. Sufficient knowledge about facts, procedures, and conditions to use them.

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A. 45. Procedural knowledge involves the knowledge of how to do things and how
skills or competencies are executed. Procedural knowledge is also known as
_______.
a. person knowledge c. strategic knowledge
b. task knowledge d. conditional knowledge
A. 46. Metacognitive knowledge refers to acquired knowledge about cognitive
processes. Which of the following metacognitive knowledge operates when the
learner has his/her own way of learning information?
a. procedural knowledge a. conditional knowledge
b. declarative knowledge d. specific knowledge
A. 47. A Grade 6 pupil follows school rules and regulations for fear of being punished.
The child is on what level of the Moral Development theory?
a. preconventional c. conventional
b. postconventional d. conventional and
postconventional
B. 48. Which of the following is referred to by Freud as the component of human
personality that is concerned with the idea of good or bad?
a. superego c. id
b. superego and ego d. ego
D. 49. The best known moral dilemma created by Kohlberg is the “Heinz” dilemma,
which discusses the idea of obeying the law versus saving life.This level in the
Moral Development theory of Kohlberg refers to the person’s ability to conform
to uphold law and order.
a. postconventional c. conventional and
postconventional
b. preconventional d. conventional
B. 50. When we motivate our students to learn we make use of situations that they
can feel closely associated with so that arousing of interest can become strong,
why?
a. learning is both intellectual and active
b. learning is meaningful when used in everyday life
c. learning involves the psychological nature of the learner
d. learning and retention can be enhanced by the power of emotion

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