Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
Division of Taguig City and Pateros

TIPAS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Curriculum Implementation
and Delivery Management
in

Senior High School

Core Subject

Physical Education and Health

Jordan E. Ofiana
Subject Teacher
 RATIONALE
This instructional module aims to guide you in your leaning journey for the
physical education and health to help you acquire the necessary knowledge and
skills for working with relating to others, and provides the learning opportunities
to develop these skills. All of the constructs printed hereto were compliant to the
K to 12 Curriculum of the Department of Education, with the current integration of
the Most Essential Learning Competencies or MELCs.

Parts of Instructional Module

Let’s Scan This section will provide you with the objectives of each
module.

Let’s This is an activity which will enable you to recap the

Recall previous lesson.

Let’s Get This portion contains an activity which will prepare you
Ready for

This section will let you explore texts containing the

Let’s
amount of information which will be needed for the
Explore
succeeding activities.

Let’s Play This activity will allow you to test the knowledge you
have explored about the topic.

This portion will guide you in synthesizing the lesson

Let’s Post
you have learned, the values you have gained, and the
skills you have acquired.

Let’s This activity will allow you to apply the sum of things
Upload you have acquired from the lesson and activities

Let’s
This portion will assess your learning.
Check

This portion assigns the task that you need to

Let’s Save
accomplish to prepare you for the next module.
 Table of Contents

Module 1 page 4 - 11

Module 2

Module 3

Module 4

Module 5

Module 6

Module 7

Module 8

Module 9
 Senior High School
Physical Education and Health
Quarter 1 Module 1
Physical Activity and Exercise

Name:_________________________ Grade and Section:_________ Score:_______

LET’S SCAN

At the end of this module, you will be able to;

1. Discuss the nature of the different styles and characteristics of dances.

2. Explain how to optimize the energy systems for safe and improve performance.

LET’S RECALL
Answer the PAR-Q test and perform the following HRF assessment.

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire

Questions Yes No
1 Has your doctor ever said that you have a heart condition and that
you should only perform physical activity recommended by a
doctor?
2 Do you feel pain in your chest when performing physical activity?
3 In the past month, have you had chest pain when you were not
performing any physical activity?
4 Do you lose your balance because of dizziness or do you ever
lose consciousness?
5 Do you have a bone or joint problem that could be made worse by
a change in your physical activity?
6 Is your doctor currently prescribing any medication for your blood
pressure or a heart condition?
7 Do you know of any other reason why you should not engage in
physical activity?

If you have answered “Yes” to one or more of the above questions, consult your
physician before engaging in physical activity. Tell your physician which question
you answered “yes” to. After a medical evaluation, seek advice from you physician
on what type of physical activity is suitable for your current condition.

The physical activity readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) is a common method of uncovering health
and lifestyle issues prior to an exercise programmed starting.

-British Columbia Ministry of health and the multidisciplinary Board on Exercise

 Health Related Fitness Assessment

TYPE OF TEST RESULT REMARKS

Push-up (boys)
Modified Push-up (girls)
Sit & Reach
12 mins jog in place
BMI (Height, Weight)

The HRF was developed to measure the five major health components of
physical fitness, such as Aerobic capacity, Muscular strength, Muscular
endurance, and Flexibility and Body composition.

LET’S GET READY

LET’S EXPLORE
 Brief History and Nature of Dance

Dance can be seen among all the people and civilization of the world. Dances
thrived at different periods of history and mostly were a result of intercultural exchange
and contact (Alejandro and Santos-Gana 2002)

The origin of dance are rooted in the prehistoric past. Various artistic, religious and
social forces started out the incorporation and development of dance.

Dance has been a major form of religious ritual and social expression within
primitive cultures. It was used as a way of expressing and reinforcing tribal unity and
strength, as an approach for courtship and mating, and as means of worship,
communication, and therapeutic experience. It was said that the first use of dance was
a gesture in order to communicate. People from prehistoric era performed ways they
hoped would appease the forces of nature or given them new power of their own. As
Kraus and Gaufman (1981) said “man danced originally to supplicate the gods on all
important occasions in life”.

Nevertheless, the dances during prehistoric time have not yet been fully
recorded. It was only during the Pre-Christian era that the real knowledge of dance
came about within the great Mediterranean and Middle Eastern civilization. Dance
became fully blow and was richly recorded in ancient Egypt. It was reflected on their
wall paintings relief, and in the library record in hieroglyphs. Most of the dances during
this era were chiefly a medium of religious expression.

Ancient Greek also thought highly if dance, for them it was closely linked with
other kinds of experiences. Dance was thought as an aid to military education among
the boys in Athens and Sparta. It was not just for religious and military training but also
a form of entertainment and display

Dance was also commonly used in education Greek philosophers such as Plato,
Aristotle and Socrates. Strongly supported this art as an integration of the body and
soul.

Plato immensely gave importance to dance in education as stated in his education on

the laws. He highlighted the two kinds of dance and music: the noble (fine and
honorable) and the ignoble (imitating what is mean or ugly)

The ancient Rome, on the other hand, gave less importance to dance. It
stopped valuing such qualities in art as the nation grew wealthy and powerful. The
romans ceased to create and perform within the arts themselves. Dance became brutal
and sensationalized as their entertainers were slave and captives from many
nationalities and tit was used more often for gruesome purposes (Kraus et al., 1981)
Dance eventually became an integral part of the corruption in the latter days of the
Roman Empire, resulting in the condemnation of dance by the early Christians.

The development of the Catholic Church in Europe following the fall of Rome
transformed the history of dance. During this time the Church was the sole custodian of
learning and education as well as the source of morals. When the first Christian
Emperors came, theatrical entertainment was prohibited. However dance still existed
and was performed within the Church during the church during religious ceremonies.
The Christian fathers approved the use of dance, provided that its form and intent were
holy and profound. Dances then became part of worships and church services.

Although the Church had condemned dance as entertainment, some singers,

dancers, poets, actors, musicians and jugglers continued to wander during the Dark
and early Middle Ages. They performed in village squares and were eventually
welcomed in the castles and chateaus of feudal lords. At the same time the common
people also amused themselves by doing dances that were social in character. This
marked the beginning of social dancing. The peasants performed two basic types of
dancing the round dance and the couple dance. In round dance, dancers hold each
other by hand, forming a long chain and move about in an open or close circle, or in an
extended line. Couple dance, at that time, was not as popular as round dance as it was
considered scandalous when first seen.

Nobility soon followed the peasants’ lead in dancing but in a more refined and
courtly form. Court dances emerged as part of the chivalric way of life. Because of the
noblemen’s and women’s nature of clothing and elaborate accessories, their dance
steps were limited to gliding, curtseying, and posing as they were not able to move
freely. The peasants’ dances I contrast, gave large movements and wide-stepping
figures. This is due to their less elaborate costumes allowing bigger movements.
Additionally, the peasants danced on grass or on the beaten earth of the town while
noblemen danced in smooth floor or wood or polished marble called the ballroom.

Dance then was wholly accepted in the courts during the early renaissance as
the gradual increase of the capitalists’ class produced patrons of learning and art in
Europe. During the renaissance, dance and art in general gained impetus. The old
restraints were loosened and clerical ideas and purposed no longer dominate all
creative expressions of the human spirit (Kraus and Gaufman, 1981). The entertainers
now became valuable appendage to the courts of Italy and France and they were to
serve the secular goals of the wealthy and powerful nobles who had emerged
throughout Europe.

A vast dance movement occurred throughout the courts of Europe in the 15th and
th
16 centuries. During the times, new court dances performed by the nobility came
about as well as the rise of the art of ballet in Italy and France. From then on, several
other dance forms continued to sprout and spread across several countries. After the
pinnacle of ballet prominence contemporary dances that were stylistic variations of
ballet emerged and evolved in Europe. Other dance forms also came to life and gave
been widely recognized worldwide (Kraus and Gaufman, 1981).

Benefits of Dance and Creative Movement

Dancing is one of the oldest and most popular forms of exercise. Several forms
of dancing are considered aerobic since they entail about an hour of “continuous
exercises, choreographed to music” (Fine 1981). According to Polly de Mille, an
exercise physiologist at the Women’s Sports Medicine Center in New York, the health
benefits gained through dancing are similar to other forms of activities that involve
sustained effort in the target zone ( www.highbeam.com accessed January 4, 2016)
 Specific Benefits of Dance

Physical
- Develops cardiovascular and muscular endurance
- Improves coordination, balance, flexibility and body composition
- Lower risk of cardiovascular diseases
- Lower resting heart rate
- Improves lipid metabolism
- Enables joint mobility (hip motion and spine flexibility)
- Helps improve and maintain bone density, thus helps prevent osteoporosis
- Helps recover coordination and neuromuscular skills after injury

Mental
- Helps keep the brain sharp
- Decreases incidence of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
- Decrease depressive symptom’s
- Increase self-esteem and improves body image
- Aids in releasing emotional and physical tension

Social
- Gives sense of togetherness within a group
- Encourages positive social interaction and interpersonal relationship in a group
- Contributes to the individual’s potential for self-actualization in society

Cultural
- Promotes Cultural value

Physical
When done regularly, dancing is a good way to develop cardiovascular and
muscular endurance body composition (Malvar, 2006) as well as balance and flexibility.
(Fine, 1981; Keller, 2007. Childs 2007) Dance training also improves coordination
(Rickett Young, 1996) angel et al (2009) observed that there were significant
improvements of aerobic and muscular fitness in contemporary dancers who engage in
low to moderate intensity dance genres. Thus, low to moderate dance exercise is as
effective as other vigorous exercise regimens in improving fitness. Thus, dancing is also
a great way to lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

According to Flores (1995), an increased fitness results in a great lowering of the body
mass index and resting heart rate for those who engage in a dance-base fitness activity
compared to those who engage in other regular physical activity. It was also reported
that there is a significant improvement in metabolism when dancing (Malvar, 2020) ,
moreover dance movements are multidirectional, which means they enable joint
mobility, specifically hip motion and spine flexibility as opposed to treadmills or elliptical
machines (Keller, 2007, Childs, 2007) it also a weight bearing activity that helps improve
and maintain bone density as well as prevent osteoporosis (Keller, 2007)

Dance renowned for its contribution to therapy. Dance therapy has been used in
the different medical fields throughout history. It aids in recovering coordination and
other neuromuscular skills after an injury (Dance Your Way to Firness, 2007, Chowder.
2013)
 Ravelin et al. (2006, p. 312) also suggested that dance can be used as
intervention in mental health nursing. They revealed that dance can offer “an acceptable
way to release emotional and physical pressure” Since majority of the problems of
mental health nurses is in dealing with their patients. It was suggested that dance may
be applied as it is useful in facilitating “non-verbal communication by offering a clear
structure for being together”.

Dancing also gives other psychological health benefits compared to other forms
of exercise, A study published in the journal “Neurobiology of Aging” adds to evidence
that exercise can help keep the brain sharp (Keller 2007, Childs 2007; Ravelin et al.,
2006, Vorghese et al., 2003) greatly support the mental benefits of dancing in their
study, concluding that dancing was the only regular physical activity associated with a
significant decrease in the incidence of dementia. Including Alzheimer’s disease. Gondo
et al., 2009 also studied the effects of aerobic exercise on brain structure and
psychological wellbeing. Their findings suggest that “insula gray-matter volume (region
involved in multimodal sensory integration and plays a great role in the generation of
affective states I response to emotional stimulation) may possibly be maintained by
aerobic exercise (Gondoh et al., 2009) the researchers found in this study that “this
decreased the depressive symptoms and increased the identity of the training group
compared with the control group (Gondoh et al., 2009).

Social

Dance provided a unique opportunity for meaningful group involvement as it

encourages intense, positive social interaction and interpersonal relationship in a
working group. They believe that “it contributes to each individual’s potential for the
fullest possible self-actualization in society” (Kraus and Gaulman, 1981) Also dance
gives a sense of togetherness in a group for recent years varieties of dance based
group fitness formats have been formulated and have been in demand, one of the
reasons why there has been a tremendous growth of dance based fitness regimens is
the increasing need for self-expression and social interactions amongst men and
women in the new millennium (childs,2007).

Cultural

Dance promotes a place or a country’s rich culture through showcasing the

different cultural dances. The people around the world are brought to “a closer
understanding of the lives of the people represented and to an appreciation of their
respective folk culture” through the folk dances of a specific country (Duggan,
Schlottmann, Ruthledge 1948) it is through looking at the different dances of other
countries will one see the value of one’s culture.
LET’S DANCE

Activity 1

Time line of dance and their uses

List down the dance periods with the corresponding uses of the dance of each period
based on the explored text. Write your answers on the diagram below.
Activity 2
Dance Benefits

Give at least two (2) benefits of dance based on the following:

I. Physical

1. ______________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________

II. Emotional

1. ______________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________

III. Mental

1. ______________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________

IV. Social

1. ______________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________

V. Cultural

1. ______________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________

LET’S POST

1. Why should students care about dance?

Answer:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
 2. Why do people dance?
Answer:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

LET’S UPLOAD

Activity 3

Create an infographic regarding dance and benefits of dance

LET’S CHECK

LET’S CHECK

Choreographed five (5) minutes dance exercise with one (1) of your family member.
Then submit it to your P.E, teacher via email or messenger.

RUBRICS
 Excellent 5 Good 4 Fair 3 Poor 2
The dance routine The dance routine The beginning the The dance contains
contains a visible contains 2 and 3 ending of dance are no visible beginning
Steps of dance beginning and separate parts the same and ending
ending
Movements are Movement are in Movements are The movements are
always in time with time with the beat of sometimes in the seldom in time with
Steady beat the beat of the the music time of the beat of the beat of the
music the music music
The performer The performer The performer have The performer
maintains maintains difficulty maintains seldom maintain
Concentration and concentration and concentration and concentration and concentration and
focus focus throughout the focus during the focus during the focus during the
performance performance performance performance.
The group performs The group performs The group performs The group seldom
the same movement the same the same performs the same
all of the time it is movements most of movements most of movement at the
Ensemble very apparent that the time. It is the time. It appears same time. It
(Synchronization) they have apparent that they the group did spend appears the group
rehearsed. rehearsed. time rehearsing. did not spend much
time rehearsing/

LET’S SAVE

Search and read about the following:

1. Elements of dance
a. Space
b. Timing
c. Dance Energies
d. Bodily Shapes
e. Group Shapes

References:

1. Physical education and Health Volume II by Conrado R. Aparato, Zyra Ruth

Talaroc- Brebante, Lualhati Fernando-Callo and Perer Fermin Dajime, Published
& Disributed by Rex Book Store 856 Nicanor Reyes Sr. St.
2. https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?sp=yes&code=WAX9BA&
3. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-14-944/figures/6
4.