TG: @Chalnaayaaar

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Introduction

To continue its own race, an organism by the process of

reproduction, produces offspring like its own.
Humans

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

GAMETOGENESIS

INSEMINATION

FERTILIZATION

BLASTULATION

IMPLANTATION

GESTATION

PARTURITION

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Reproductive Organs

PRIMARY/ESSENTIAL SEX ORGANS

They are the organs which form the gametes.

Testis in Male

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Reproductive Organs

PRIMARY/ESSENTIAL SEX ORGANS

They are the organs which form the gametes.

Testis in Male Sperm

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Reproductive Organs

PRIMARY/ESSENTIAL SEX ORGANS

They are the organs which form the gametes.

Ovary in Female

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Reproductive Organs

PRIMARY/ESSENTIAL SEX ORGANS

They are the organs which form the gametes.

Ovary in Female Ovum

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Reproductive Organs
MALE SECONDARY/ACCESSORY SEX ORGANS

These organs form the passage for the gametes and help in
the union of male & female gametes.
Male accessory ducts-

rete testis, vasa efferentia , epididymis and vas deferens

Male accessory glands-

Male external genitalia-

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Reproductive Organs
IN MALES

Vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Bulbourethral gland

Epididymis Urethra
Vasa efferentia Skin
Rete testis

Foreskin

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Male Reproductive System

Ureter

Urinary bladder

Seminal vesicles
Ampulla Ejaculatory duct
Vas deferens Prostate
Penis Cowper’s gland
Urethra
Testis
Scrotum

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar
12TH NCERT 2021–22 ,PAGE NO- 42

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
Beginner’s Box-1
TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Question 01 Which one is a primary sex organ?

(1) Scrotum
(2) Penis
(3) Testis
(4) Prostate gland

Answer (3) Testis

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
Beginner’s Box-1
TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Question 12 Which is unpaired gland in male reproductive system of human?

(1) Bartholin gland
(2) Seminal vesicle
(3) Prostate gland
(4) Cowper's gland

Answer (3) Prostate gland

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
Beginner’s Box-1
TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Question 13 Common duct formed by union of vas deferens and duct

from seminal vesicle is :-
(1) Urethra
(2) Tunica-vasculosa
(3) Ejaculatory duct
(4) Spermatic duct

Answer (3) Ejaculatory duct

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar
Reproductive Organs

FEMALE SECONDARY/ACCESSORY SEX ORGANS IN FEMALES

Female accessory ducts-

oviducts (fallopian tubes) & uterus and vagina

Female accessory glands-

Vagina
Female external genitalia-

include mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen and

clitoris

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Vulva

Mons pubis

Clitoris
Labia majora
Urethral orifice
Labia minora
Bartholin’s gland Vaginal orifice
Hymen

Anus

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
Beginner’s Box-1
TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Question 02 Which of the following is a secondary sex organ?

(1) Testis
(2) Ovary
(3) Orchiopexy
(4) Vas deferens

Answer (4) Vas deferens

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Reproductive Organs

DEVELOPMENT OF SEX ORGANS

During intra uterine life (IUL) testis & ovary develop from mesoderm.
They develop in abdominal cavity.
During 7th to 9th month of IUL, testes descend down into scrotal sac but
ovaries remain in abdominal cavity.

Inguinal canal

Scrotum

Gubernaculum fibre

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Male Reproductive System

The male reproductive system is located in the pelvis region

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Male Reproductive System

The male reproductive system is located in the pelvis region

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

4-5cm

2-3cm

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar
Scrotum
❑ Both testes are located in a small bag like structure situated below & out
side the abdominal cavity called as scrotum or scrotal sac.
The temperature of scrotum is 2 – 2.5°C lesser than body temperature,
necessary for spermatogenesis.

Inguinal canal
Spermatic
cord

Cremaster
muscle
Medial Septum

Skin Testis Testis

Dartos muscle

Gubernaculum
(mesorchium)
TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Scrotum

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Scrotum

DARTOS MUSCLE

Contracts

Scrotum shrinks

Surface area decreases

Heat loss decreases

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Scrotum

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Scrotum

CREMASTER MUSCLE

Contracts

Testes elevate towards abdomen

Relaxes

Testes demote downwards

away from abdomen

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Scrotum

CRYPTORCHIDISM

✓ When the testes does not descend to reach the scrotum but
remain in abdominal cavity at the time of birth this conditions is
called undescended testes or cryptorchidism.
✓ Such testis cannot develop and function properly and may
develop malignancy.

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
 TG: @Chalnaayaaar

ORCHIOPEXY

✓ When the undescended testes are brought into scrotal sac by

surgical process during childhood this process called as
orchiopexy.

TG: @Chalnaayaaar
Beginner’s Box-1
TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Question 03 In mammals, maturation of sperm take place at a

temperature
(1) Equal to that of body
(2) Higher than that of body
(3) Lower than that of body
(4) At any temperature

Answer (3) Lower than that of body

TG: @Chalnaayaaar