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MMED2931 MMED8931 Human Physiology - 2023 S1 (Lt KuraCloud Practicals only) - MMED2931 MMED8931
Course
Human Physiology - 2023 S1 (Lt KuraCloud Practicals only)
Lesson Reproductive System Practical
Email vasi0039@ inders.edu.au

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Reproductive system overview

Q1. Match the functions to the male or female reproductive system. 1 pts

Female Male

Erection and ejaculation Uterine (menstrual) cycle Erection and ejaculation

Gestation Ovarian cycle Producing sperm

(spermatogenesis)
Lactation Lactation

Ovarian cycle Gestation

Parturition Parturition

Producing sperm
(spermatogenesis)
Uterine (menstrual) cycle
Q2. Are the following statements true regarding Leydig or Sertoli cells? 2 pts

Leydig cells Sertoli cells

Constitute the endocrine Contribute to the blood-testicle

component of the testis barrier
Constitute the endocrine Produce and release testosterone Provide nutrients to developing
component of the testis sperm cells
Contribute to the blood-testicle Remove debris from the
barrier seminiferous tubules
Produce and release testosterone Simple columnar epithelium
Provide nutrients to developing Support the production of sperm
sperm cells
Remove debris from the
seminiferous tubules
Simple columnar epithelium
Support the production of sperm

Q3. Complete the labelling of this diagram of the male reproductive system 1 pts

Corpus cavernosum Vas deferens

Cowper's gland Seminal vesicle

Ejaculatory duct

Epididymis Ejaculatory duct

Prostate Prostate
Corpus cavernosum
Cowper's gland
Scrotum

Seminal vesicle
Epididymis
Testes

Vas deferens Testes

Scrotum
Q4. Label the stages of follicle development in this ovary. 1 pts

Ovulation of
Corpus luteum Corpus albicans
oocyte

Primordial Dominant
Tertiary follicle (s)
follicle(s) follicle(s)

Dominant
follicle(s)

Tertiary follicle (s)

Ovulation of Primordial
oocyte follicle(s)

Corpus luteum Corpus albicans

Q5. Label these structures in this diagram of a testis. 1 pts

Spermatic cord

Enters inguinal canal

Epididymis head

Epididymis tail Cremaster muscle

Spermatic cord Enters inguinal canal

Tunica albuginea

Tunica albuginea
Epididymis head

Tunica vaginalis

Cremaster muscle Epididymis body

Epididymis body Epididymis tail

Tunica vaginalis
Q6. Label this diagram that illustrates oogenesis. 2 pts

Mitosis Oogonium

After puberty

Foetus Primary oocytes

First polar body First polar body

Mature ovum After puberty

Meiosis arrested
Meiosis arrested
Secondary oocyte
Mitosis
Polar bodies
Oogonium

Polar bodies
Mature ovum
Primary oocytes

Secondary oocyte Foetus

Patient case, presentation

Q7a. The diagram below outlines the stages of the ovarian and menstrual cycles. Label the main stages 1 pts
of these cycles, and identify the reproductive hormones involved based on their trace characteristics.

Oestrogen
Follicular phase Luteal phase
Follicular phase
Luteal phase Oestrogen

Menstruation Progesterone

Ovulation
Progesterone

Ovulation Menstruation
Q7b. Label this diagram of the main hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. 1.5 pts

LH

FSH Follicular Periovulatory Luteal

Oestradiol

Progesterone
LH

Follicular
FSH
Luteal Oestradiol

Periovulatory
Progesterone

Q8. Jenny were surprised to nd out that she was pregnant. 3 pts

Day 1 of her LMP (last menstrual period) was on October 30th and her periods are normally 30-33 days
apart. After a home pregnancy test, which was positive, she decided to go to her GP on December 6th
for a blood test to con rm the pregnancy. The hormone hCG was detected at appropriate levels in her
blood test and further con rmed her pregnancy.

On what day of her cycle was Jenny most likely to have ovulated?

The earliest Jenny would have likely ovulated would be Day 16 and the latest on Day 19 of her cycle.
The earliest Jenny would have likely ovulated would be 10th November and the latest on the 12th November.
Jenny would have likely ovulated on Day 14 of her cycle.
The earliest Jenny would have likely ovulated would be Day 14 and the latest on Day 15 of her cycle.
Jenny ovulated on the 12th of November.

Q9. Decrease in which hormone(s) is responsible for the shedding of the uterine lining that results in 1 pts
menstruation?

Prostaglandin
Progesterone
Oestrogen
Oestradiol
Inhibin

Patient case, antenatal

Q10. Which of these statements about what happens during fertilisation are correct and which are 2 pts
incorrect?

Correct Incorrect

After one sperm has fused with
the ovum cell membrane, the
zona pellucida becomes
impenetrable for other sperm.
Every species has a speci c
protein on its sperm that binds
to another speci c protein in the
zona pellucida. Without this
binding, the acrosomal release
cannot occur.
It is only after fertilisation that
the ovum completes meiosis II.
Most sperm ejaculated into the
vagina are killed by the acid
environment there.
Every species has a speci c
protein on its sperm that binds
to another speci c protein in the
zona pellucida. Without this
binding, the acrosomal release
cannot occur.
It is only after fertilisation that
the ovum completes meiosis II.
After one sperm has fused with
the ovum cell membrane, the
zona pellucida becomes
impenetrable for other sperm.
Most sperm ejaculated into the
vagina are killed by the acid
environment there.
Unless sperm undergo
capacitation on their way to the
ovum in the Fallopian tube, they
are incapable of penetrating the
corona radiata.
The rst sperm to reach the
corona radiata fertilises the
ovum.

The rst sperm to reach the

corona radiata fertilises the
ovum.
Unless sperm undergo
capacitation on their way to the
ovum in the Fallopian tube, they
are incapable of penetrating the
corona radiata.

Q11. Label this diagram that illustrates early embryonic development. 2 pts

Morula (Day 4)
Fallopian tube Day 3 Blastocyst (Day
6)

Ovary
Day 1
Uterus

Blastocyst (Day
6)

Day 1 Fallopian tube

Day 3

Embryo (Day
8) Uterus

Fertilisation Fertilisation Ovary Embryo (Day

8)
Morula (Day 4)

Oocyte Oocyte
Q12. What hormone does the corpus luteum secrete that helps maintain viability of the pregnancy? 1 pts

FSH
LH
Oestrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone
Prolactin
Growth hormone
Adrenaline
Oxytocin
hCG

Patient case, parturition

Q13. Identify the stages of labour on the diagram below. 1 pts

Start of LABOUR DILATION

DILATION

AFTERBIRTH

EXPULSION AFTERBIRTH
Start of LABOUR

EXPULSION
Q14. Jenny was 35 weeks pregnant and went to the hospital labour ward reporting that she 0.5 pts
believed she was in labour. She stated that she had been experiencing di use, mild contractions for
several few hours. On examination her cervix had not yet begun to dilate. She was advised to return
home. What is the most likely explanation for why Jenny was advised to go home?

Jenny had forgotten her overnight bag.

Jenny was experiencing Braxton Hicks contractions.
The pregnancy had not yet reached the expected 40 weeks gestation.

Patient case, postnatal

Q15. Alveoli are connected to the lactiferous sinuses by ________. 1 pts

lactocytes
lactiferous ducts
nipple pores
lobules

Q16. How is colostrum most important to a newborn? 1 pts

It helps boost the newborn’s immune system.

It provides much needed fat.
It satis es the newborn’s thirst.
It satis es the infant’s appetite.

Q17. Hormonal control of the milk let-down re ex is due to release of which hormone? 1 pts

Prolactin.
Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH).
Oxytocin.
Luteneising Hormone.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone.

Q18. Hormonal control of milk production is due to release of which hormone? 1 pts

Prolactin.
Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH).
Oxytocin.
Luteneising Hormone.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone.