Embryology BCQ Review

Prefertilization
1
Which of the following is a major characteristic of meiosis I?

• (A) Splitting of the centromere

• (B) Pairing of homologous chromosomes
• (C) Reducing the amount of DNA to 1N
• (D) Achieving the diploid number of chromosomes
• (E) Producing primordial germ cells
2
• A normal somatic cell contains a total of 46 chromosomes. What is
the normal complement of chromosomes found in a sperm?

• (A) 22 autosomes plus a sex chromosome

• (B) 23 autosomes plus a sex chromosome
• (C) 22 autosomes
• (D) 23 autosomes
• (E) 23 paired autosomes
3
• All primary oocytes are formed by

• (A) week 4 of embryonic life

• (B) month 5 of fetal life
• (C) birth
• (D) month 5 of infancy
• (E) puberty
4
• Approximately how many sperm will be ejaculated by a normal fertile
male

• (A) 10 million
• (B) 20 million
• (C) 35 million
• (D) 100 million
• (E) 350 million
5
• During ovulation, the secondary oocyte resides at what specific stage
of meiosis?

• (A) Prophase of meiosis I

• (B) Prophase of meiosis II
• (C) Metaphase of meiosis I
• (D) Metaphase of meiosis II
• (E) Meiosis is completed at the time of ovulation
6
• Concerning maturation of the female gamete (oogenesis), when do
the oogonia enter meiosis I and undergo DNA replication to form
primary oocytes?

• (A) During fetal life

• (B) At birth
• (C) At puberty
• (D) With each ovarian cycle
• (E) Following fertilization
7
• Where do primordial germ cells initially develop?

• (A) In the gonads at week 4 of embryonic development

• (B) In the yolk sac at week 4 of embryonic development
• (C) In the gonads at month 5 of embryonic development
• (D) In the yolk sac at month 5 of embryonic development
• (E) In the gonads at puberty
Week 1
8
• A 20-year-old woman presents at the emergency department with severe
abdominal pain on the right side with signs of internal bleeding. She indicated that
she has been sexually active without contraception and missed her last menstrual
period. Based on this information, which of the following disorders must be
included as an option in the diagnosis?

• (A) Ovarian cancer

• (B) Appendicitis
• (C) Normal pregnancy
• (D) Ectopic tubal pregnancy
• (E) Toxemia of pregnancy
9
• When does a secondary oocyte complete its second meiotic division
to become a mature ovum?

• (A) At ovulation
• (B) Before ovulation
• (C) At fertilization
• (D) At puberty
• (E) Before birth
10
• Where does the blastocyst normally implant?

• (A) Functional layer of the cervix

• (B) Functional layer of the endometrium
• (C) Basal layer of the endometrium
• (D) Myometrium
• (E) Perimetrium
11
• Which of the following is the origin of the mitochondrial DNA of all
human adult cells?

• (A) Paternal only

• (B) Maternal only
• (C) A combination of paternal and maternal
• (D) Either paternal or maternal
• (E) Unknown origin
Week 2
12
• Between which two layers is the extraembryonic mesoderm located?

• (A) Epiblast and hypoblast

• (B) Syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
• (C) Syncytiotrophoblast and endometrium
• (D) Exocoelomic membrane and syncytiotrophoblast
• (E) Exocoelomic membrane and cytotrophoblast
13
• The prochordal plate marks the site of the future

• (A) umbilical cord

• (B) heart
• (C) mouth
• (D) anus
• (E) nose
14
• Which of the following are components of the definitive chorion?

• (A) Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm and epiblast

• (B) Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm and cytotrophoblast
• (C) Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm and syncytiotrophoblast
• (D) Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, and
syncytiotrophoblast
• (E) Extraembryonic visceral mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, and
syncytiotrophoblast
15

Label the figure

Week 3
16
• Which germ layers are present at the end of week 3 of development
(day 21)?

• (A) Epiblast only

• (B) Epiblast and hypoblast
• (C) Ectoderm and endoderm
• (D) Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
• (E) Epiblast, mesoderm, and hypoblast
17
• Which process establishes the three definitive germ layers?

• (A) Neurulation
• (B) Gastrulation
• (C) Craniocaudal folding
• (D) Lateral folding
• (E) Angiogenesis
18
• The first indication of gastrulation in the embryo is

• (A) formation of the primitive streak

• (B) formation of the notochord
• (C) formation of the neural tube
• (D) formation of extraembryonic mesoderm
• (E) formation of tertiary chorionic villi
19
• Somites may differentiate into which of the following?

• (A) Urogenital ridge

• (B) Kidneys
• (C) Notochord
• (D) Skeletal muscles
• (E) Epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract
20
• The developing embryo has a distinct human appearance by the end
of

• (A) week 4
• (B) week 5
• (C) week 6
• (D) week 7
• (E) week 8
21
• The lateral mesoderm is divided into two distinct layers by the
formation of the

• (A) extraembryonic coelom

• (B) intraembryonic coelom
• (C) cardiogenic region
• (D) notochord
• (E) yolk sac
22
• The epiblast is capable of forming which of the following germ layers?

• (A) Ectoderm only

• (B) Ectoderm and mesoderm only
• (C) Ectoderm and endoderm only
• (D) Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
• (E) Mesoderm and endoderm only
23
• Which structure is derived from neural crest cells?

• (A) Gonads
• (B) Kidney
• (C) Pineal gland
• (D) Liver
• (E) Adrenal medulla
24
• Which structure is derived from the same embryonic primordium as
the kidney?

• (A) Gonads
• (B) Epidermis
• (C) Pineal gland
• (D) Liver
• (E) Adrenal medulla
 Answers
Exchange papers and mark
Prefertilization
1
Which of the following is a major characteristic of meiosis I?

• (A) Splitting of the centromere

• (B) Pairing of homologous chromosomes
• (C) Reducing the amount of DNA to 1N
• (D) Achieving the diploid number of chromosomes
• (E) Producing primordial germ cells
2
• A normal somatic cell contains a total of 46 chromosomes. What is
the normal complement of chromosomes found in a sperm?

• (A) 22 autosomes plus a sex chromosome

• (B) 23 autosomes plus a sex chromosome
• (C) 22 autosomes
• (D) 23 autosomes
• (E) 23 paired autosomes
3
• All primary oocytes are formed by

• (A) week 4 of embryonic life

• (B) month 5 of fetal life
• (C) birth
• (D) month 5 of infancy
• (E) puberty
4
• Approximately how many sperm will be ejaculated by a normal fertile
male

• (A) 10 million
• (B) 20 million
• (C) 35 million
• (D) 100 million
• (E) 350 million
5
• During ovulation, the secondary oocyte resides at what specific stage
of meiosis?

• (A) Prophase of meiosis I

• (B) Prophase of meiosis II
• (C) Metaphase of meiosis I
• (D) Metaphase of meiosis II
• (E) Meiosis is completed at the time of ovulation
6
• Concerning maturation of the female gamete (oogenesis), when do
the oogonia enter meiosis I and undergo DNA replication to form
primary oocytes?

• (A) During fetal life

• (B) At birth
• (C) At puberty
• (D) With each ovarian cycle
• (E) Following fertilization
7
• Where do primordial germ cells initially develop?

• (A) In the gonads at week 4 of embryonic development

• (B) In the yolk sac at week 4 of embryonic development
• (C) In the gonads at month 5 of embryonic development
• (D) In the yolk sac at month 5 of embryonic development
• (E) In the gonads at puberty
Week 1
8
• A 20-year-old woman presents at the emergency department with severe
abdominal pain on the right side with signs of internal bleeding. She indicated that
she has been sexually active without contraception and missed her last menstrual
period. Based on this information, which of the following disorders must be
included as an option in the diagnosis?

• (A) Ovarian cancer

• (B) Appendicitis
• (C) Normal pregnancy
• (D) Ectopic tubal pregnancy
• (E) Toxemia of pregnancy
9
• When does a secondary oocyte complete its second meiotic division
to become a mature ovum?

• (A) At ovulation
• (B) Before ovulation
• (C) At fertilization
• (D) At puberty
• (E) Before birth
10
• Where does the blastocyst normally implant?

• (A) Functional layer of the cervix

• (B) Functional layer of the endometrium
• (C) Basal layer of the endometrium
• (D) Myometrium
• (E) Perimetrium
11
• Which of the following is the origin of the mitochondrial DNA of all
human adult cells?

• (A) Paternal only

• (B) Maternal only
• (C) A combination of paternal and maternal
• (D) Either paternal or maternal
• (E) Unknown origin
Week 2
12
• Between which two layers is the extraembryonic mesoderm located?

• (A) Epiblast and hypoblast

• (B) Syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
• (C) Syncytiotrophoblast and endometrium
• (D) Exocoelomic membrane and syncytiotrophoblast
• (E) Exocoelomic membrane and cytotrophoblast
13
• The prochordal plate marks the site of the future

• (A) umbilical cord

• (B) heart
• (C) mouth
• (D) anus
• (E) nose
14
• Which of the following are components of the definitive chorion?

• (A) Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm and epiblast

• (B) Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm and cytotrophoblast
• (C) Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm and syncytiotrophoblast
• (D) Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, and
syncytiotrophoblast
• (E) Extraembryonic visceral mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, and
syncytiotrophoblast
15

Label the figure

A. Primary chorionic villi
B. Connecting stalk
C. bilaminar embryonic disk
D. Chorion
E. Hypoblast (proochordal plate)
F. Secondary yolk sac
G. Chorionic Cavity
H. Primary Yolk sac remnant
Week 3
16
• Which germ layers are present at the end of week 3 of development
(day 21)?

• (A) Epiblast only

• (B) Epiblast and hypoblast
• (C) Ectoderm and endoderm
• (D) Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
• (E) Epiblast, mesoderm, and hypoblast
17
• Which process establishes the three definitive germ layers?

• (A) Neurulation
• (B) Gastrulation
• (C) Craniocaudal folding
• (D) Lateral folding
• (E) Angiogenesis
18
• The first indication of gastrulation in the embryo is

• (A) formation of the primitive streak

• (B) formation of the notochord
• (C) formation of the neural tube
• (D) formation of extraembryonic mesoderm
• (E) formation of tertiary chorionic villi
19
• Somites may differentiate into which of the following?

• (A) Urogenital ridge

• (B) Kidneys
• (C) Notochord
• (D) Skeletal muscles
• (E) Epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract
20
• The developing embryo has a distinct human appearance by the end
of

• (A) week 4
• (B) week 5
• (C) week 6
• (D) week 7
• (E) week 8
21
• The lateral mesoderm is divided into two distinct layers by the
formation of the

• (A) extraembryonic coelom

• (B) intraembryonic coelom
• (C) cardiogenic region
• (D) notochord
• (E) yolk sac
22
• The epiblast is capable of forming which of the following germ layers?

• (A) Ectoderm only

• (B) Ectoderm and mesoderm only
• (C) Ectoderm and endoderm only
• (D) Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
• (E) Mesoderm and endoderm only
23
• Which structure is derived from neural crest cells?

• (A) Gonads
• (B) Kidney
• (C) Pineal gland
• (D) Liver
• (E) Adrenal medulla
24
• Which structure is derived from the same embryonic primordium as
the kidney?

• (A) Gonads
• (B) Epidermis
• (C) Pineal gland
• (D) Liver
• (E) Adrenal medulla