Material M25 Grade Concrete

Fe 500 Grade HYSD reinforcement

Solution :-
Provide 4.55 m x 5 m x 5.0 m tank
Volume = 4.55 m x 5 m x 5.0 x 10 3 = 113750
L/B= 5 / 4.55 = 1.0989010989
The top portion of side walls will be designed as a continuous frame.
bottom 1 m or H / 4 whichever is more is designed as cantilever.
H/4= 5/4= 1.25
Water pressure at 5 - 1 = 4 m height from top =

where
To findYmoment
w is unit in
weight of water
side walls, = 9.8 KN
moment / m3
distribution or kani's method is used. As the frame is symmetrical ab
only one joint is solved

5m

4
5m m

1
m

39.20 KN / m2
Elevation

Fixed end moments :-

MAB = w x l2 / 12 =
= 39.2 x 52 / 12 = 81.6666666667

MAD = w x l2 / 12 =
= 39.2 x 4.552 / 12 = 67.4795333333

Kani's Method :-

-39.2
48 -
0 -12.25 10
4
0 -12.25
D 0 A
-57.16
Rotation factor at Joint A
Joint Member Relative Stiffness( K ) ∑K
AB I/6
A 5 * I / 12
AD I/4

Sum of FEM
M AF = 81.67-67.48
14.19 KNm

MAB = MABF + 2 MAB' + MBA'

= 81.67 + 2 x (- 8.17 ) + 0
= 65.33

MAD = MADF + 2 MAD' + MDA'

= (- 39.20 ) + 2 x (- 12.25 ) + 0
= -63.7

B.M. at centre of long span = w x l 2 / 8 - 63.70

= 24.5 x 52 / 8 - 63.70
76.56

B.M. at centre of short span = w x l 2 / 8 - 63.70

= 24.5 x 4.552 / 8 - 63.70
-9.106

Direct tension in long wall = Yw ( H - h ) x B / 2

= 24.5 x 4 / 2 =

Direct tension in short wall = Yw ( H - h ) x L / 2

= 24.5 x 5 / 2 =

Design of Long Walls :-

At support
M= 63.7 KNm
T= 49 KN
From Table 9-6 Q = 1.18 Assuming d / D = 0.9

D= √M / Q x b
= √63.70 x 10 6 / 1.18 x 1000
= 232.34 mm,
Take D = 450 mm d=
=
From Table 9-5

Ast1 for moment = M / σst x j x d

= 63.70 x 10 6 / 150 x 0.872 x 417
= 2099 mm2

Ast2 for direct tension = T / σst

= 49 x 10 3 / 150
= 327
Total Ast1 + Ast2 = 2099 + 327
= 2426
Provide 16 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m 2 / m
= 113.04 x 1000 / 2426
= 125.06 mm
Provide 12 mm O bar @ 125 mm C/C…marked(a)
Larger steel area is provided to match with the steel of short walls.
At centre
M= 53.09 KNm
T= 49 KN
e= M/T= 53.09 / 49
= 1.08

E= e+D/2-d
= 1080 + 450 / 2 - 417
= 888 mm

modified moment = 49 x 0.888

= 43.51 KNm

Ast1 for moment = M / σst x j x d

= 43.51 x 10 6 / 190 x 0.89 x 417
= 617 mm2

Ast2 for direct tension = T / σst

 = 49 x 10 3 / 150
= 327
Total Ast1 + Ast2 = 617 + 327
= 944
Provide 16 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m 2 / m
= 200.96 x 1000 / 944
= 212.881355932203 mm
Provide 12 mm O bar @ 150 mm C/C…marked(b)
From Table 9-3 minimum reinforcement 0.16 %
Distribution steel = 0.16 / 100 x 1000 x 450
= 720 mm2
On each face = 360 mm2
Provide 10 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m 2 / m
= 50.24 x 1000 /360
= 139.555555555556 mm
Provide 12 mm O bar @ 150 mm C/C…marked(d)
Vertical Steel ( c)
Provide 10 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m 2 / m
= 78.50 x 1000 /360
= 218.055555555556 mm
Provide 10 mm O bar @ 200 mm C/C…marked(c)
Horizontal steel :-
Remote face ( b) - Provide 12 mm O @ 150mm C/C = 1005
Liquid face ( d) - Provide 8 mm O @ 130 mm C/C =
Vertical Steel ( c) - Provide 10 mm O @ 200 mm C/C both faces = 392

Design of short walls :-

At support M= 57.16
T= 73.5
From Table 9-5
Ast1 for moment = M / σst x j x d
= 57.16 x 10 6 / 150 x 0.872 x 417
= 1048 mm2

Ast2 for direct tension = T / σst

= 73.5 x 10 3 / 150
 = 490
Total Ast1 + Ast2 = 1048 + 490
= 1538
Provide 16 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m 2 / m
= 200.96 x 1000 / 1538
= 130.663198959688 mm
Provide 16 mm O bar @ 130 mm C/C…marked(b)

At centre
M= 8.16 KNm
T= 73.5 KN
From Table 9-5
Ast1 for moment = M / σst x j x d
= 8.16 x 10 6 / 150 x 0.872 x 417
= 150 mm2

Ast2 for direct tension = T / σst

= 73.5 x 10 3 / 150
= 490
Total Ast1 + Ast2 = 150 + 490
= 640
Provide 12 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m 2 / m
= 113.04 x 1000 / 640
= 176.625 mm
Provide 12 mm O bar @ 130 mm C/C…marked(e)

From Table 9-3 minimum reinforcement 0.16 %

Distribution steel = 0.16 / 100 x 1000 x 450
= 720 mm2
On each face = 360 mm2
Provide 8 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m 2 / m
= 50.24 x 1000 /360
= 139.555555555556 mm
Provide 8 mm O bar @ 130 mm C/C…marked(d)
Vertical Steel ( c)
Provide 10 mm O bar
 spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m 2 / m
= 78.50 x 1000 /360
= 218.055555555556 mm
Provide 10 mm O bar @ 200 mm C/C…marked(c)

Horizontal steel :-
Remote face ( e) - Provide 12 mm O @ 130 mm C/C = 869
Liquid face ( d) - Provide 8 mm O @ 130 mm C/C =
Vertical Steel ( c) - Provide 10 mm O @ 200 mm C/C both faces = 392

Bottom 1 m will be designed as cantilever

Cantilever moment : -
M= Yw x H x h 2 / 6 OR
= 9.8 x 3.5 x 1 / 6 =
= 5.72 KNm =

From Table 9-5

Ast for moment = M / σst x j x d
= 5.72 x 10 6 / 150 x 0.872 x 417
= 105 mm2
From Table 9-3 minimum reinforcement 0.16 %
Distribution steel = 0.16 / 100 x 1000 x 450
= 720 mm2
On each face = 360 mm2
Provide 10 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m 2 /m
= 78.50 x 1000 /360
= 150 mm
Provide 10 mm O bar @ 150 mm C/C…marked(c)

Base slab :-
Base slab is resting on ground. For a water head 3.5 m, provide 150 mm thick slab.
From table 9-3
Minimum steel = 0.229%
= 0.229 / 100 x 1000 x 150
= 344 mm2
Provide 10 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m 2 / m
= 78.50x 1000 /172
= 150 mm
Provide 10 mm O bar @ 150 mm C/C both ways, top and bottom.
Ast = 346 mm2
Designed section,Elevation etc. are shown in fig.
 (given)
(given)

Litres
<2.

m
4 x YW = 4 x 9.8
= 39.2 KN / m2
the frame is symmetrical about both the axes,

5m
A E B

F 4.55 m
24.5 KN / m2

D C

Plan

KNm

KNm

81.667
-8.17 0
-8.17 0
0 B
57.16
 Rotation Factor u
=(-1/2) k / ∑ K

- 2 / 10
- 3 / 10

w x l 2 / 8 - 63.70
4.5 x 52 / 8 - 63.70
KNm

w x l 2 / 8 - 63.70
5 x 4.552 / 8 - 63.70
KNm

Yw ( H - h ) x B / 2
24.5 x 4 / 2 = 49 KN

Yw ( H - h ) x L / 2
24.5 x 5 / 2 = 61.25 KN
TABLE 9-6
Balanced Design Factors for members in bending
For M20 Grade Concrete Mix
Mild steel HYSD bars
d/D
Tension on liquid face. Q = M / bD2 Pt Q = M / bD2 Pt
ssuming d / D = 0.9 0.75 0.3 0.4 0.295 0.289

0.8 0.305 0.37 0.299 0.272

0.85 0.31 0.355 0.302 0.258

Assuming d / D = 0.9 0.9 0.314 0.335 0.306 0.246
 235 - 25 - 8 TABLE 9-5
202 mm Members in bending ( Cracked condition
Coefficients for balanced design

Grade σcbc σst

of N/ N/
concret Grade mm2 mm2
e of steel k
2 x 417 For members less than 225mm thickness and tension on liquid
M20 Fe250 7 115 0.445
Fe415 7 150 0.384
For members more than 225mm thickness and tension a
49 x 10 3 / 150 M20 Fe250 7 125 0.427
mm2 Fe415 7 190 0.329
+ 327
mm2

in m 2 / m

tension on remote face

/ 49
m Line of action of forces lies outside the sectio
i.e.tension is small

9 x 417
TABLE 9-3
Minimum Reinforcement for Liquid Retaining Structures
% of reinforcement
Thickness, mm
 Thickness, mm
49 x 10 3 / 150 Mild Steel HYSD bars
mm2 100 0.3 0.24
327 150 0.286 0.229
mm2 200 0.271 0.217
250 0.257 0.206
in m 2 / m 300 0.243 0.194
350 0.229 0.183
400 0.214 0.171
= 1005 mm2 450 or more 0.2 0.16
0.16 %

in m 2 / m

= 385 mm2

in m 2 / m

= 392 mm2

mm2
385 mm2
mm2

KNm
KN tension on liquid face

2 x 417

73.5 x 10 3 / 150
 mm2
+ 490
mm2

in m 2 / m

= 1546 mm2 / m.

tension on liquid face

2 x 417

73.5 x 10 3 / 150
mm2
490
mm2

in m 2 / m

= 869 mm2 / m.

0.16 %

in m 2 / m

= 385 mm2
in m 2 / m

= 392 mm2 .

mm2
385 mm2
mm2

Yw x H / 6 , whichever is greater.
9.8 x 3.5 / 6
5.72 ,tension on liquid face.

2 x 417

0.16 %

in m 2 /m

each face

slab.

in m 2 / m
LE 9-5
( Cracked condition )
balanced design

j Q Pt,bal
and tension on liquid face
0.851 1.33 1.36
0.872 1.17 0.98
ckness and tension away from liquid face
0.858 1.28 1.2
0.89 1.03 0.61

Retaining Structures
forcement
HYSD bars
0.24
0.229
0.217
0.206
0.194
0.183
0.171
0.16