TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM AND ROAD TRANSPORT NETWORK

PHILIPPINES
• an archipelagic country

• Location: Southeast Asia, west of Pacific Ocean, near the equator

• Maritime Boundaries:
➢ North: Taiwan
➢ East: Palau
➢ West: Vietnam
➢ South: Malaysia and Indonesia

• OFFICIAL NAME: REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

• CAPITAL: MANILA, NCR

• REGIONS: 17
➢ ADMINISTRATIVE: 16
➢ AUTONOMOUS: 1 (BARMM)

• PROVINCES: 81

• CITIES: 145

• MUNICIPALITIES: 1, 489

• BARANGAYS: 42, 036

• AREA: 300,000 sq km
➢ consists of 7, 641 islands
o LUZON (109, 965 sq km)
o VISAYAS (71, 503 sq km)
o MINDANAO (97, 530 sq km)

• POPULATION: at least 110 M (as of 2020. 13th)

• DENSITY: 360.39/ sq km (as of 2019, 23rd )

• OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: FILIPINO & ENGLISH

• OTHER DIALECTS: 19 recognized

 LOCATION POPULATION DENSITY, per sq km
NCR 12, 877, 253 20, 785
Manila 1, 780, 148 71,263
CAR 1, 722, 006 87
BLISTT 551, 764 500
Baguio 345 366 6,005
*NCR (Metro Manila) consist of 16 cities and 1 municipality
*CAR consist of 1 HUC, 1 component city, and 75 municipalities

TRANSPORTATION
• Movement of people and/or goods from one place to another

EVOLUTION OF LAND TRANSPORTATION

1.1 ROAD TRANSPORTATION NETWORK

• NETWORK

➢ refers to the framework of routes within a system of locations, known as nodes

• ROUTE

➢ a single link between two nodes that are part of a larger network
• ROAD TRANSPORTATION NETWORK

➢ Permanent/tangible routes
▪ roads, rails and canals
➢ Scheduled service/ less tangible routes
▪ air and sea corridors, trains, public transit
➢ Describes a structure which permits either vehicular movement or flow of commodity
➢ Consists of a system of interconnected ways (paved) designed to carry traffic (buses,
cars and goods vehicles)
➢ Generally, forms the most basic level of transport infrastructure in an urban area
➢ Links with all other areas, both within and beyond boundaries

• Metcalfe’s law:

➢ network value is proportional to the square of connected nodes

➢ Utility = 𝑛2
➢ Simply means that the more people using a road network means the network will
become more attractive and will attract even more users

• Network Effect:

➢ Phenomenon whereby increased numbers of people improve the value of good or

service

• TYPES OF NETWORK STRUCTURE

CENTER - has high accessibility, represents the dominant element of the network
and the spatial structure it supports;

CENTER - point of highest accessibility,

SUB-CENTERS - also of significant levels of accessibility

CENTER – insignificant accessibility with other nodes, implies high connectivity

levels and redundancy

• PHILIPPINE Transportation

➢ underdeveloped due to:

▪ terrains (mountains)
▪ geography (multiple islands)
▪ low government investment/funding in infrastructure
➢ In 2013: only 3% of GDP was allocated for infrastructure
➢ Classified as National Highway Network

National Expressway Network

• NATIONAL HIGHWAY NETWORK

➢ Series of public roads that provide inter-city connection

➢ Numbered N1 to N82
▪ N1 to N10
o Main routes or priority corridors connecting three or more cities
▪ N11 to N82
o Roads linking two cities
➢ Mostly single and dual carriageways linking two or more cities

➢ TOTAL ROAD LENGTH: 216, 387 km (DPWH) As of 15 Oct 2019

➢ PAVED : 61, 093 km (DPWH, 2017)

(DPWH,2017)

(DPWH) As of 15 Oct 2019

 ➢ Pan – Philippine Highway (Maharlika Highway)
▪ Longest highway at 3, 517 km
▪ Consist of roads, bridges and ferry services
▪ Major transportation backbone of Philippine transport
▪ North end is at LAOAG and southern end is at ZAMBOANGA City
➢ EDSA (Epifanio de los Santos Avenue)
▪ longest, most congested Highway in the metropolis (23.8 km
▪ Most important highway in NCR serving 6 of 17 units (Caloocan, Quezon City,
Mandaluyong, San Juan, Makati and Pasay)
➢ Aspiras – Palispis Highway
▪ Formerly known as Marcos Highway
▪ Links city of Baguio and the municipality of Agoo, La Union
▪ Route Number N208
▪ Jose D Aspiras Highway for La Union Section
▪ Ben Palispis Highway for Baguio-Benguet Section
➢ Kennon Road
▪ Formerly Benguet Road
▪ Aka Rosario – Baguio Road
▪ Second oldest road to Baguio and shortest route from Manila
▪ 33.5 km long and Part of Route Number N54
➢ Naguilian Road
▪ Officially known as Quirino Highway
▪ Aka Baguio-Bauang Road
▪ 46 km long and part of N54

➢ Loakan Road
▪ 6.2 km major road in Baguio
▪ Designates as component of N231

➢ Governor Pack Road

▪ Major highway in Baguio
▪ 1.09 km and component of N54 (Kennon) to N110 (B-NVR)

• National Expressway Network

➢ Controlled - access highway network

➢ Managed by DPWH
➢ Consists of all expressways and regional high standard highways (provide high level of
traffic service)
➢ Multi-lane divided toll roads
➢ Spans 420 km as of 2015 (est 626km by 2020 – JICA)
➢ CLASSIFICATIONS:
▪ Arterial High Standard Highways (HSH-1)
▪ Regional High Standard Highways (HSH-2)
 1.2 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

• MODE OF TRANSPORT: (Land)

➢ Jeepneys
➢ Buses
➢ Taxis
➢ Motorized tricycles
➢ Railways
▪ within Metro Manila, Laguna and some parts of
Bicol
▪ PNR Commuter line
▪ LRT
▪ MRT
▪ Railways only have 79 km footprint (as of 2019)

• MODE OF TRANSPORT: (Water)

➢ double-outriggers (trimaran)
➢ bangka (sails)
➢ pump boats (motorized bangka)
➢ ferries

➢ Philippine Nautical Highway System (Or RoRo System)

▪ 919 km integrated set of nautical highway segments and ferry routes covering 17
cities (since 2003)
▪ Opened on public as the Strong Republic Nautical Highway (SRNH) and serves as
the backbone of vehicle transport

• MODE OF TRANSPORT: (Air)

➢ airplanes
➢ Chartered
➢ Commercial

➢ AIRPORTS:
▪ International: 12
▪ Principal (Domestic): 32
▪ class 1(min 100 pax) 13
▪ class 2(min 19 pax) 19
▪ Community: 41
▪ Unclassified: 65
▪ Military: 21
 1.3 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

• the organization, arrangement, guidance and control of both stationary and moving traffic

• Traffic Control devices

➢ Traffic signs and markings

▪ follow International standards by Vienna Convention, 1968, but neither conform in
color nor shape as per standard
▪ Generally insufficient
▪ For HUA’s: hardly visible and recognized due to giant billboards

• Department of Transportation (DOTr)

➢ primary policy, planning, programming, coordinating, implementing

and administrative entity of the executive branch on the
promotion, development and regulation of a dependable and
coordinated NETWORK OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, and a fast,
safe , efficient and reliable services

• Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)

➢ Responsible for the planning, design, construction and maintenance

of infrastructures, especially NATIONAL HIGHWAYS, flood control
and water resources development system and other public works in
accordance with national development objectives

• Land Transportation Office (LTO)

➢ in charged of issuance and revocation of driver’s licenses and

permits; administers exams
➢ in charge of registering motor vehicles nationwide and issuing
vehicle license plates
➢ Also involved in enforcement of traffic rules and regulations,
authorized to confiscate license

• Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB)

➢ responsible for promulgating, administering, enforcing, and

monitoring compliance of policies, laws, and regulations of public land
transportation services

• Metro Manila Development Agency (MMDA)

➢ Assist the 17 political units in crafting and implementing integrated development plan
characterized by unity of purpose, innovation, adaptability and creativity in meeting
challenges of TRANSPORT DECONGESTION, climate change, waste management and
disaster prevention to achieve decent quality oflife in Metro Manila
• Others:

➢ Toll Regulatory Board (TRB)

➢ Philippine National Railways (PNR)
➢ Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA)
➢ Mertro Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC)

1.4 PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES

• SIDEWALKS

➢ Relatively good condition

➢ Unobstructed since 2019
➢ Lack safety features especially for PWD’s

• PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS

(Bridges/skywalks, subways or grade crossings)

➢ few are constructed
➢ Inaccessible to elderly and handicapped

➢ Improvements on widening, leveling, cleaning of sidewalks and footpaths, and

additional street lighting (Abaya, Fabian et al, 2011)
 1.5 VEHICLE REGISTRATION

• MOTOR VEHICLE CLASSIFICATIONS:

➢ PRIVATE
▪ Owned by private individuals or companies not
intended for hire (white plate)
➢ FOR HIRE
▪ Authorized public use by virtue of franchise (yellow
plate)
➢ GOVERNMENT/OFFICIAL
▪ Owned by Philippine government (red plate)
➢ DIPLOMATIC
▪ Owned by foreign government (blue plate)

• EO No. 400 Series 2005

➢ Regulating the Assignment and Issuance of Low-Numbered (PROTOCOL) License Plates

to Motor Vehicles Used by Officials of the Republic of the Philippines
➢ Issued in pairs duly registered in the name of the listed officials or theirrespective
spouses
➢ President, VP, Senate President, House Speaker, Chief Justice, Senators and
Congressmen are allowed up to four (4) pairs of Protocol Plates
 1.6 INSURANCE

• car insurance death benefits requires that the death occurs within 90 days after the time
of accident, and that the injury incurred must be present from time of accident until death

• Types of car insurance

➢ CTPL (compulsory Third Party Liability)

➢ Compre (comprehensive Car insurance costs about PhP 2000 per year

• Minimum insurance paid to victims of traffic accidents (fatal or serious injury) at PhP
100,000 as of 2018
 1.7 DRIVING LICENSE

• Issuance is under REPUBLIC ACT 4136 (Land Transportation and Traffic Code)

➢ Control the registration and operation of motor vehicles and licensing of owners,
dealers, conductors, drivers and similar matters

• 3 Types of Licenses

1. Student Driver Permit (SP)

2. Non- Professional Driver License
3. Professional Driver License

• TYPE OF LICENCCES:

• EXAMINATIONS

➢ WRITTEN
▪ Based on Traffic Codes, safe driving practices and mechanics of motor vehicles
o Non - Prof – acquire at least 75% of 40 given questions
o Prof – acquire at least 75% of 60 questions
➢ PRACTICAL
▪ Tests candidate’s ability to park a vehicle properly, start on a slope etc
➢ RESTRICTIONS:
▪ states the types of vehicles a driver (license holder) is authorized to operate on
Philippine road
▪ Driving Restriction Codes in the Philippines are numbered from 1 to 8