Oral Communication

Elements of Communication

- Speaker - source of the msg or information.

- Message - info. opinion, emotions, facts, thoughts
- Channel- medium or means of communication
- Receiver- recipient of the msg.
- Feedback- reaction, reply, response
- Noise- interruptions

Process of Communication

Model of Communication

- Linear Model -
- One way: the receiver has no way of responding to the speaker.
- 1949 claude elwood shannan & warren weaver “mother of all communication”

- Interactive Model -
- Two- way: feedback is given by the receiver to the speaker.
- Wilbur Schramm 1954
- Circular Process
 - Active Listening

- Transactional Model -
- Two-Way
- Roles Interchange
- Includes Noise
- Continuous

Barriers to Communication

- Physical Barrier
Barriers caused by natural or environmental conditions.
Ex: Noisy Surroundings, Speech Defects

- Psychological Barrier
Barriers that are caused by the human mind.
Ex: Mental Difficulties, Strong Emotional Problems

- Cultural Barrier
Barriers caused by individual differences.
Ex: Beliefs, Values, Religion, Gender, Race, Opinion, Tradition

- Language Barrier
Barriers that are caused by the structure and meaning of language.
Ex: Different Language, Grammatical Errors, Double Meaning, Mispronunciation

7 C’s Of Effective Communication

1.Completeness
- Include all important details.

2. Conciseness
- Direct or straight to the point.

3. Consideration
- Thinking of the receiver’s welfare.

4. Concreteness
- Factual or evidence- based.

5. Courtesy
- Showing respect.

6. Clearness
- Clarity of message (no double meaning)

7. Correctness
- Correct grammar and use of words.

Functions of Communication

Information Dissemination
- Aim to share information or data for the purpose of educating.
Ex: announcements, news, evidence based data

Control or Regulation
- To regulate or control a person’s behavior
Ex: Instructions, Requests, Or Commands

Social Interaction
- Aims to interact casually with others.
 Ex: Sharing, greeting, gossip, getting to know

Motivation
- Functions to inspire or motivate people to be or do better.
Ex: cheers, quotes, advices

Emotional Expression
- Function to connect people emotionally

Types of Speech Context

Intrapersonal Communication - talking to oneself

ex: mirror talking, diary

Interpersonal Communication - between and among people

DYAD Communication
- Between two people.
SMALL GROUP Communication
- Among three to twelve people engaged in face to face conversation.
PUBLIC Communication
- Delivering a message before the crowd or an audience (Face to Face).
MASS Communication
- Communication through television, radio, mp, and other types of media.
- Wide range of audience.

Speech Styles
Intimate Speech Style
- Private style of communication.

Casual Speech Style

- A style common among peers.

Consultative Speech Style

- A standard or professional style of communications.

Formal Speech Style

- A one-way style like speech, reports, press.

Frozen Speech Style

- A style that remains unchanged over time.

VERBAL & NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Verbal Communication - pertains to the use of words to relay a message.

- APPROPRIATENESS - formality & informality of context.

- Brevity - being concise.
- Clarity - avoiding double meaning.
- Ethics - moral standards.
- Vividness - descriptive & imaginative words.

Non- Verbal Communication - a collaboration of movements which are

used to convey a message.

1. Kinesics - language of movements.

- Oculesics - use of the eyes to convey messages.
- Facial Expressions - show how the person feels through the face.
- Posture & Personal Appearance - the way one stands, carries and dresses
oneself.
- Gestures
2. Proxemics - language of space
Ex: intimate, personal, social, public
3. Paralanguage - language of manner.

4. Chronemics - language of time.

5. Haptics - language of touch.