In "ecological literacy among secondary school student" Adawiah and Norizon (2013) identified

essential ecological concept that students need to understand. Let us see how well you know this
concept by writing on corresponding column key ideas.

Concept Key Ideas

The ecosystem - A community of organisms and their
physical
environment.
- Interactions between living and non-living
components in a specific area.
Succession - Gradual changes in species composition
over time.
- Typically follows a disturbance or habitat
change.
Energy flow - Transfer of energy through trophic levels.
- Begins with producers and moves to
consumers.
Conversation of resources - Sustainable management and use of natural
resources.
- Ensuring availability for future generations.
Competition - Organisms competing for limited resources.
Niche - The role and position of a species in an
ecosystem.
- Includes interactions with other species and
resource use.
Materials cycling - Recycling of nutrients and elements in
ecosystems.
The community - Group of interacting species in the same
ecosystem.
Life history strategies - Adaptations and behaviors related to
reproduction.
- Factors like reproduction rate and offspring
survival.
Ecosystem fragility - Vulnerability of an ecosystem to disruption
or damage.
- Ability to recover from disturbances.
Food webs - Complex interactions among species in an
ecosystem.
- Depicts predator-prey relationships and
energy flow.
Ecological adaptation - Evolutionary changes enabling species to
thrive.
Environmental Heredity - Transmission of genetic traits in response to
environmental pressures.
Species diversity
Density dependent regulation
Limiting factors
Carrying capacity
Maximum sustainable yield
Population cycles
Predator prey interaction
- Variety and abundance of species in an
ecosystem.
- Influences ecosystem stability.
- Factors limiting population growth with
population
size (e.g., competition, disease).
- Elements or conditions restricting species
growth.
- Maximum population size an ecosystem can
sustain.
- Highest resource harvest that can be
maintained.
- Regular fluctuations in population size over
time.
- Dynamic relationship between predators and
prey.