CHAPTER 1 – COMMUNICATION IN THE 21st CENTURY

LESSON 1: COMMUNICATION DEFINITION, ASPECTS, PROCESSES, & PRINCIPLES

LESSON OUTCOMES

At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

 define communication and recognize its relationship with language, and speech;
 identify the different aspects, processes, and principles of communication; and
 Illustrate the communication process.

INTRODUCTION

In day to day bases, people spent most of the time conversing. Either at home, at work,
school, or in business fields. We communicate in different purposes to convey our message, ideas,
and opinions, whether in verbal or non-verbal means. In today’s challenging environment, students
should not only possess academic expertise but must also exhibit good communication skills
since it is considered vital for academic success and future career prospects.

ABSTRACTION

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMUNICATION, LANGUAGE, AND SPEECH

Communication – is the two-way process of transmitting messages from one person to

another.
Language – medium or vehicle of communication; code for the transmission of messages
between and among people while;
Speech – is a process of shaping sounds into words using speech organs.

ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION

A. The Verbal or Linguistic Aspect

 - is an aspect that makes use of words. It may be oral or written.

B. The non-verbal or Extralinguistic Aspect

 - does not make use of words but enhances or changes the linguistic code. It has
three elements:
1. Nonlinguistic elements – these elements fall under seven categories:
a. Kinesics – the language of the body.
b. Proxemics – is the language of space.
c. Chronemics – is the language of the time.
d. Haptics – the language of touch
e. Olfactics – refers to the language of smell.
f. Artefactual – refers to the language of objects.
g. Physical Appearance – refers to the language of looks.
2. Paralinguistic elements – these are the attributes of voice that accompany the
words we say. These include vocal quality, pitch, tempo, volume, and junctures.
3. Metalinguistic element – this is the abstract element that takes place in the mind of
communicators.
 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

1. Intrapersonal Communication – refers to communication within oneself. It involves

thinking, remembering, and feeling all things we do internally, especially when making
decisions.
2. Interpersonal Communication – is communication among a relatively small number of
people. It is at this level that much of our communication takes place. It may be:
a. Dyadic – this is communication between two people. It may be face to face, for
example, ordinary conversations, dialogs, or interviews. Telephone conversation is
also dyadic.
b. Triadic – this communication is participated in by three people.
c. Small group- three or more people communicate wherein an enlarged type of
communication is used to solve problems. The panel, symposium, committee,
brainstorming, and small business meetings are examples of this.
3. Public communication – a large group type of communication. It involves
communication between one and several other people. Public speaking is an example.
4. Mass Communication – covers other forms of public communication wherein the tools
used are called mass media. These are the printed form, radio, television, and movies.
5. Organizational Communication – refers to communication in organizations.

Figure 1: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

1. Stimuli/us- This is the triggering event of the communication process. It may be in the form
of events, conditions, situations, feelings, or emotions, which urge the message sender to
decide to communicate and start to verbalize the ideas.
2. Ideation- refers to the idea fed by the stimulus. It refers to the idea formulated and
organized to answer a need to communicate.
3. Encoding- the ideas organized in the ideation stage are put into code to make transmission
possible.
4. Transmission- the encoded message is sent through a chosen appropriate channel or
medium.
5. Reception- the message sent through a medium selected by the sender reaches the
receiver.
6. Decoding- the codes or symbols used to transmit messages are converted to ideas or
mental images to be interpreted by the receiver.
7. Understanding- the message transformed into interpreted thought or mental images now
become clear to the receiver.
8. Action- This is the last stage of the communication process. The receiver responds to the
message received by sending feedback.
 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

1. Complete- The message must contain all facts needed for the desired reaction.
2. Clarity- There must be clarity in terms of thought and expression.
3. Concise- the message must be to the point and eliminate all the unnecessary words.
4. Courtesy- One must communicate in a friendly and polite manner.
5. Correctness- All facts, words, language, information of the message must be accurate.
6. Concrete- The message to be communicated must be specific and not vague.
7. Consideration- One must understand the emotions and sentiments of the receiver.

EVALUATION

I. IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Identify what aspect of communication is presented in each item.
Example:

1. Oral defense- 6. Hallucinations-

2. Sign language- 7. Pauses-
3. Nodding- 8. Alarm-
4. Panel Interview- 9. Amulet-
5. Social Distancing- 10. Frown-

II. ILLUSTRATION

1. In your own observation, illustrate the communication process of the new-normal

teaching-and-learning set-up. Give a 200-word description and discussion on how learning
was affected by the barrier/s cited.

.
REFERENCES

 Uychoco, M.T., Santos, M.L. (2018). Communication for Society: Purposive

communication. First Edition Rex Book Store. Recto Avenue, Manila, Philippines
 Diaz, R. (2014). Speech and Oral Communication. Revised Edition National Book Store.
Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg. Pioneer Street, Mandaluyong City.