SOP 1.

What were the traditional roles that Bugkalot women played within their families
in the past?
1.1 Roles of Bugkalot women in the past as a daughter.
CODES CATEGORIES THEMES
Look after my siblings Daily duties Household chores
Cooking, washing the Daily duties Household chores
dishes
Fetching water downhill Daily duties Household chores
Pounding rice Daily duties Household chores
Gathering crops and Gathering Agriculture and farming
vegetables
Planting rice seeds Farm preparation Agriculture and farming
Going to the upland farm, Farming Agriculture and farming
harvesting rice
Lack of clothes, jackets, and Lack of basic necessities Limited opportunities
no face powder
Get no education Lack of education Limited opportunities
No socialization with other Lack of socialization Limited opportunities
people
Manual labors Lack of education Limited opportunities
Using banana leaves as Survival Survival Skills
protection from rain
Bottle gourd as water Survival Survival Skills
storage
Not enough rice and Survival Survival Skills
reliance on sweet potatoes
and cassava
Joining men for food hunting Survival Skils
hunting
Obeying parents' Respect for elders Obedience
instructions
Shyness towards brothers Respect to brothers Obedience
Fear and obey parents and Respect for elders Obedience
elders

1.2 Roles of Bugkalot women in the past as a mother and wife.

CODES CATEGORIES THEMES
Do the laundry Daily duties, Household chores
Feeding my children Daily duties Household chores
Getting fire woods and Daily duties, Household chores
vegetables
Washing clothes Daily duties Household chores
Serving food to men Daily duties Household chores
Gathering firewood Daily duties household chores
Fetching water Daily duties Household chores
Making sure food is on the Daily duties Household chores
table
Drying and pounding rice Daily duties Household chores
Cleaning the planting areas Farm preparation Agriculture and farming
Planting available seeds Planting Agriculture and farming
slash-and-burn cultivation Kaingin farming Agriculture and farming
Planting rice and root crops Planting Agriculture and planting
Harvesting rice grains Harvesting Agriculture and farming
Weaving the beddings using Textile crafting Traditional crafts and skills
"buri"
Doing embroidery (en-aatag) Textile crafting Traditional crafts and skills
Knitting skirts, G-strings and Textile crafting Traditional crafts and skills
clothes
Making women's belts, Leatherworking, Traditional crafts and skills
Sewing Bugkalot garments Textile crafting, traditional crafts and skills
Making women's belts Leatherworking Traditional crafts and skills
Making bags and containers basketry and weaving Traditional crafts and skills
Men waiting while women do division or roles patriarchal
the cooking
Men just cutting trees and division of roles patriarchal
assisting in preparing the
farm
Women responsible for Gender inequality patriarchal
providing for the all-
household needs
Lack of rest after giving birth Violation of maternity rights Patriarchal
due to chores
SOP 2. What are the roles that Bugkalot women play within their families at present?
2.1 Roles of Bugkalot women in the present as a daughter.
CODES CATEGORIES THEMES
Smarter now improvement in intellectual empowered
abilities
Girls associating with boys social interaction empowered
Interacting with wider range social interaction empowered
of people
Young women taking charge decision making empowered
on their own decisions
Increased freedom for the freedom empowered
younger generation
Skills and engagement in civic engagement empowered
government
Imitating the trend adaptation to change loss of traditional knowledge
Studying, not much help in limited involvement to loss of traditional knowledge
works traditional task
Keeping up with new adaptation to change loss of traditional knowledge
generations
Do not know Rice harvesting cultural practice loss of traditional knowledge
Erosion of traditional morals cultural value loss of traditional knowledge
and attitudes
Pursuing dreams and pursuit of dreams education opportunities
ambitions supported by
parents
They receive education availability of support and education opportunities
learning
Self-reliance in education for educational challenge education opportunities
livelihood

2.2 Roles of Bugkalot women in the present as a mother and wife.

CODES
Parents don't impose strict
rules on women like before
Now, they encourage you to
pursue what you want
Mothers today express their
opinions directly to their
children
In the past, mothers had to
whisper their concerns
CATEGORIES THEMES
Allowing children for empowered parenting style
decision making
Parent support empowered parenting style
Communication and empowered parenting style
relationship
Communication and empowered parenting style
relationship
 Water is not far anymore due Modern amenities improved access and
to the availability of hoses livelihood opportunities

presence of roads has Infrastructure improved access and

changed the situation livelihood opportunities
There's a rice mill, women Modern amenities improved access and
don't have to pound rice livelihood opportunities

Women cook today having Task simplification improved access and

stock rice, no need for livelihood opportunities
pounding
Today, women act like young Shifting behavior Freedom and leisure
girls even after marriage and
children
In the past, marriage limited Shifting behavior freedom and leisure
women's leisure activities

Today, it's like easier, better Perception of a better life Freedom and leisure
life

In the past, men didn’t know Division of task Freedom and leisure
how to cook, today they
cook.

SOP 3. What are the factors that brought about the shifting roles of Bugkalot women in
Kakiduguen, Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya?