ALEXANDRIA

PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT

Lecture 8:
Basic Machining Processes
(Turning Practice)

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 Turning Operation
(Lathe machine)
Produce parts which are basically round in shape. Typical products
machined include screws, nuts, pistons, shafts, cylinders,…

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 (1) Main cutting motion.
(2) Feed motion.

Depth of cut

Depth of cut

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Main turning operations:
(a) Straight turning:

2nd depth of cut

1st depth of cut

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Step turning:

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 (b) Taper turning:
-Compound rest :
Tool is fed manually by rotating handle.
This method used for turning large taper angles.

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 - Offsetting tail stock:
Angle of taper should not exceed 8 degrees.

-Form (straight edge) tool:

Tool width exceeds the taper being turned.
Length of work piece less than or equal
10 mm.

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- Special (taper turning) attachment
(c) External grooving:

(d) Face grooving:

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(e) Facing:

(f ) Cutting with a form tool:

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(g) Boring and internal grooving:

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(h) Drilling:

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 (i) Reaming:

(j) Cutting off:

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(k) Threading:

(l) Knurling:

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Work piece holding

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W ork p iece

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 Lathe dogs:
Lathe dogs are cast metal devices used to provide a
connection between the headstock spindle and the w.p.
mounted between centers.

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Rests for long workpieces:

Steady Rest Follower Rest

Jaws
Work Work Jaws
Hinge

Carriage

Lathe bed guideways

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Mandrel: Work piece holding
It is used to hold the hollow work pieces to machine their external
surface. The work revolves with the mandrel which is mounted
between the centers of the lathe.
 What is the main function of the following components in lathe machine:
Three jaw chuck – Four jaw chuck – Face plate – Live and dead centers - Mandrel

Component Function
3- jaw chuck Holding round work-pieces
4- jaw chuck Holding irregular work-pieces
Face plate Holding work-pieces with complicated
size and shape
Live and dead centers Holding long work-pieces
Mandrel Holding hollow work-pieces to machine
their external surfaces

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Tool holding (Tool post)

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 What is the main function of the following components:
Cross slide – Compound rest – tool post

Component Function
Cross slide Move in transverse direction to provide
the tool transverse motion
Compound rest Holding tool post– give rotational
motion for taper turning operation
Tool post Holding cutting tool
One way tool post Holding one cutting tool
Four way tool post Can hold four different cutting tools

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