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Chapter 3: Matrices
Sub Topics : Concept, notation, order, equality,
types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose
of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric
matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition and
multiplication and multiplication with a scalar.
Simple properties of addition, multiplication and
scalar multiplication. On-commutativity of
multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero
matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to
square matrices of order 2). Invertible matrices and
proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Here
all matrices will have real entries).
Chapter 4 : Determinants
Sub Topics : eterminant of a square matrix (up to
3 x 3 matrices), minors, co-factors and applications
of determinants in finding the area of a triangle.
Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency,
inconsistency and number of solutions of system of
linear equations by examples, solving system of
linear equations in two or three variables (having
unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.
Chapter 13 :Probability
Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on
probability, independent events, total probability,
Bayes’ theorem, Random variable and its probability
distribution, mean of random variable.
20/2/2023 to Conduction of Practical Examination and Revision for Final Examination
02/03/2023
Chapter–2
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Electric potential,
potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a
dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical
potential energy of a system of two-point charges and of electric
dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free
charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and
electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of
capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate
capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates,
energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only).
Pre Mid- Term Exam (18/05/2022 – 26/05/2022)
UNIT II (Mid Term)
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
By the end of the chapter students will learn:-
• Mendelian inheritance, Deviations from Mendelism, Chromosomal theory of inheritance, Sex
determination, Sex linked inheritance, Mendelian disorders.
• Structure of DNA and RNA, DNA replication, Translation, Transcription, gene expression and
regulation Human genome project and DNA fingerprinting.
• Biotechnology Principles and Processes and its applications in the different fields.
01/07/2022 Chapter–3
To Current Electricity Electric current, flow of electric charges in a
03/09/2022 metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with
electric current; Ohm's law, V-I characteristics (linear and non-
linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and
conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal
resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell,
combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules,
Wheatstone bridge.
Chapter–4:
Moving Charges and Magnetism Concept of magnetic field,
Oersted's experiment. Biot - Savart law and its application to
current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications
to infinitely long straight wire. Straight solenoid (only qualitative
treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and
electric fields. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform
magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying
conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current
loop in uniform magnetic field; Current loop as a magnetic dipole
and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometerits
current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Chapter–5
Magnetism and Matter Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent
solenoid (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field intensity due
to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and
perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only), torque on a
magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field
(qualitative treatment only), magnetic field lines. Magnetic
properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro - magnetic
substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, effect of
temperature on magnetic properties.
Chapter–6
Electromagnetic Induction Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's
laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Self and mutual
induction.
Chapter–7
Alternating Current Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of
alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series
circuit (phasors only), resonance, power in AC circuits, power
factor, wattless current. AC generator, Transformer
Mid- Term Exam (05/09/2022 – 15/09/2022)
UNIT III (Post Mid- Term)
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
By the end of the chapter students will learn:-
• How life originated on earth, Darwin’s contribution in the study of evolution, mechanism of
evolution and How human beings evolved.
• About different diseases, their mode of spread and their causal organisms, immune system of the
body, Drug and alcohol abuse.
• How different microbes are useful for domestic, industrial, medicinal, sewage treatment and energy
generation purposes.
21/09/2022 Chapter–8
to Electromagnetic Waves Basic idea of displacement current,
08/12/2022 Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse
nature (qualitative idea only). Electromagnetic spectrum (radio
waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma
rays) including elementary facts about their uses.
Chapter–9
Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Ray Optics: Reflection of
light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total
internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical
surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula,
magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in
contact, refraction of light through a prism. Optical instruments:
Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and
refracting) and their magnifying powers.
Chapter–10
Wave Optics Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen’s principle,
reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using
wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using
Huygen’s principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment
and expression for fringe width (No derivation final expression
only), coherent sources and sustained interference of light,
diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maxima (qualitative
treatment only).
Post Mid- Term Exam(09/12/2022-18/12/2022)
UNIT- IV
19/12/2022 Chapter–11
to Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Dual nature of radiation,
20/02/2023 Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's
photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Experimental
study of photoelectric effect Matter waves-wave nature of
particles, de-Broglie relation
Chapter–12
Atoms Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model
of atom; Bohr model of hydrogen atom, Expression for radius of
nth possible orbit, velocity and energy of electron in his orbit, of
hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only).
Chapter–13
Nuclei Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force Mass-
energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its
variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.
Chapter–14:
Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple
Circuits Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and
insulators (qualitative ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic
semiconductors- p and n type, p-n junction Semiconductor diode -
I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, application of
junction diode -diode as a rectifier.
20/2/2023 to Conduction of Practical Examination and Revision for Final Examination
02/03/2023
Learning Objective
• Students will be able to
• name alcohols, phenols and ethers according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature;
• discuss the reactions involved in the preparation of alcohols from (i) alkenes (ii) aldehydes, ketones
and carboxylic acids;
• discuss the reactions involved in the preparation of phenols from (i) haloarenes (ii) benzene
sulphonic acids (iii) diazonium salts and (iv) cumene;
• discuss the reactions for preparation of ethers from (i) alcohols and (ii) alkyl halides and sodium
alkoxides/aryloxides;
• correlate physical properties of alcohols, phenols and ethers with their structures;
• discuss chemical reactions of the three classes of compounds on the basis of their functional groups.
• describe the formation of different types of solutions;
• express concentration of solution in different units;
• state and explain Henry’s law and Raoult’s law;
• distinguish between ideal and non-ideal solutions; • explain deviations of real solutions from
Raoult’s law; • describe colligative properties of solutions and correlate these with molar masses of
the solutes; • explain abnormal colligative properties exhibited by some solutes in solutions.
• describe an electrochemical cell and differentiate between galvanic and electrolytic cells;
• apply Nernst equation for calculating the emf of galvanic cell and define standard potential of the
cell;
• derive relation between standard potential of the cell, Gibbs energy of cell reaction and its
equilibrium constant;
• define resistivity (ρ), conductivity (κ) and molar conductivity of ionic solutions;
• differentiate between ionic (electrolytic) and electronic conductivity;
• describe the method for measurement of conductivity of electrolytic solutions and calculation of
their molar conductivity;
• justify the variation of conductivity and molar conductivity of solutions with change in their
concentration and define Λ°m (molar conductivity at zero concentration or infinite dilution);
• enunciate Kohlrausch law and learn its applications; • understand quantitative aspects of
electrolysis;
• describe the construction of some primary and secondary batteries and fuel cells;
• explain corrosion as an electrochemical process.
• define the average and instantaneous rate of a reaction;
• express the rate of a reaction in terms of change in concentration of either of the reactants or
products with time;
• distinguish between elementary and complex reactions;
• differentiate between the molecularity and order of a reaction;
• define rate constant;
• discuss the dependence of rate of reactions on concentration, temperature and catalyst;
• derive integrated rate equations for the zero and first order reactions;
• determine the rate constants for zeroth and first order reactions;
• describe collision theory.
2. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers • Volumetric analysis Determination of
Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of molarity and strength of KMnO4
preparation, physical and chemical solution by titrating it against standard
properties, acidic nature of phenol, solution of oxalic acid or ferrous
electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of ammonium sulphate.
phenols. • Electrochemistry
Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of Variation of cell potential in Zn|Zn2+ ||
preparation, physical and chemical Cu2+|Cu with change in concentration
01/07/2022 properties, uses. of electrolytes (ZnSO4/ CuSO4) at
To 3. Solutions room temperature.
03/09/2022 Types of solutions, expression of • Chemical Kinetics
concentration of solutions of solids in • (a) effect of concentration on the rate
liquids, solubility of reaction between
of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's sodiumthiosulphate and hydrochloric
law, colligative properties - relative lowering acid.
of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling (b) effect of temperature on the rate of
point, depression of freezing point, osmotic reaction between sodiumthiosulphate
pressure, and hydrochloric acid.
determination of molecular masses using (c) reaction of iodide ion with
colligative properties, abnormal molecular hydrogen peroxide at room
mass, Van't Hoff factor. temperature using different
4. Electrochemistry concentration of iodide ions.
Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard • .Surface Chemistry
electrode potential, Nernst equation and its (a) Preparation of one lyophilic and
application to chemical cells, Relation one lyophobic sol
between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a Lyophilic sol - starch, egg albumin
cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, and gum
specific and molar conductivity, variations of Lyophobic sol - aluminium hydroxide,
conductivity with concentration, ferric hydroxide, arsenous sulphide.
Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of (b) Dialysis of sol-prepared in (a)
electrolysis above.
(elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells (c) Study of the role of emulsifying
and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel agents in stabilizing the emulsion of
cells, corrosion. different oils.
5. Chemical Kinetics • Chromatography
Rate of a reaction (Average and i) Separation of pigments from
instantaneous), factors affecting rate of extracts of leaves and flowers by paper
reaction: chromatography and determination of
concentration, temperature, catalyst; order Rf values.
and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and
specific rate constant, integrated rate ii) Separation of constituents present
equations and half-life (only for zero and first in
order an inorganic mixture containing two
reactions), concept of collision theory cations only (constituents having large
(elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), difference in Rf values to be provided).
activation energy, Arrhenius equation.
Mid- Term Exam (05/09/2022 – 15/09/2022)
Unit III ( Post Mid-Term)
Duration Content Subject Enrichment Activity
Learning Objective
Students will be able to
• learn the positions of the d– and f-block elements in the periodic table;
• know the electronic configurations of the transition (d-block) and the inner transition (f-block)
elements;
• appreciate the relative stability of various oxidation states in terms of electrode potential values;
• describe the preparation, properties, structures and uses of some important compounds such as K2Cr
2O7 and KMnO4 ;
• understand the general characteristics of the d– and f–block elements and the general horizontal and
group trends in them;
• describe the properties of the f-block elements and give a comparative account of the lanthanoids
and actinoids with respect to their electronic configurations, oxidation states and chemical behavior.
• appreciate the postulates of Werner’s theory of coordination compounds;
• know the meaning of the terms: coordination entity, central atom/ ion, ligand, coordination number,
coordination sphere, coordination polyhedron, oxidation number, homoleptic and heteroleptic;
• learn the rules of nomenclature of coordination compounds;
• write the formulas and names of mononuclear coordination compounds;
• define different types of isomerism in coordination compounds;
• understand the nature of bonding in coordination compounds in terms of the Valence Bond and
Crystal Field theories;
• appreciate the importance and applications of coordination compounds in our day to day life.
• write the common and IUPAC names of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids;
• write the structures of the compounds containing functional groups namely carbonyl and carboxyl
groups;
• describe the important methods of preparation and reactions of these classes of compounds;
• correlate physical properties and chemical reactions of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids, with
their structures;
• explain the mechanism of a few selected reactions of aldehydes and ketones;
• understand various factors affecting the acidity of carboxylic acids and their reactions;
• describe the uses of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids.
7. Coordination Compounds
Coordination compounds -
Introduction, ligands, coordination
number, colour, magnetic properties
and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of
mononuclear coordination compounds.
Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and
CFT; structure and stereoisomerism,
the importance of coordination
compounds (in qualitative analysis,
extraction of metals and biological
system).
10. Biomolecules
Carbohydrates - Classification
(aldoses and ketoses),
monosaccharides (glucose and
fructose), D-L configuration
oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose,
maltose), polysaccharides (starch,
cellulose, glycogen); Importance of
carbohydrates.
Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino
acids, peptide bond, polypeptides,
proteins, structure of proteins -
primary, secondary, tertiary structure
and quaternary structures
(qualitative idea only), denaturation of
proteins; enzymes. Hormones -
Elementary idea excluding structure.
Vitamins - Classification and
functions.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.
Subject
Duration Content Enrichment
Activity
04/04/2022 Unit I : Accounting for Partnership firms - Assignment
To Ch. 2 : Fundamentals - Numerical
17/05/2022 Ch. 3 : Goodwill practice
Ch. 4 : Change in profit sharing ratio - Topic wise /
chapter wise
55% of total
tests
syllabus
- Quiz Activity
Pre Mid- Term Exam (18/05/2022 – 26/05/2022)
Unit II (Mid-Term)
01/07/2022 Unit I contd. - Assignment
To Ch. 5 : Admission of a partner - Numerical
03/09/2022 Ch. 6 : Retirement / Death of a partner practice
Ch. 7 : Dissolution of a partner - Topic wise /
Unit II : Accounting for companies chapter wise
Unit III : Analysis of Financial Statements tests
- Analysis of Balance sheet - Quiz Activity
45 % of total syllabus
chapter wise
tests
- Quiz Activity
Post Mid- Term Exam(09/12/2022-18/12/2022)
Unit IV (Final Exam)
19/12/2022 to Unit IV : Cash Flow Statement - Assignment
20/02/2023 Part C : Project work - Numerical
practice
- Topic wise /
chapter wise
tests
- Quiz Activity
20/2/2023 to Conduction of oral (Practical) examinations and revision for Final Exams
02/03/2023
Final Exam (03/03/2023 -18/03/2023)
Important Note:
Composition in All Formats and Grammar Covered under all Terms will be asked in the Final Exam.
Literature M.C.B and Work Book Syllabus covered before Mid-Term will not be asked in the Final
Term as per C.B.S.E norms.
Subject Enrichment
Duration Content Activity
04/04/2022 1. Management – Nature and significance Assignment
To 2. Principles of Management - Topic wise Test
17/05/2022 3. Business Environment Case studies (Value based
55% of total
45 % of total syllabus
to 10. Financial Market - Topic wise Test
08/12/2022 11. Marketing - Case studies
Project work/ Statement
based questions
Post Mid- Term Exam(09/12/2022-18/12/2022)
Unit IV (Final Exam)
19/12/2022 12. Consumer Protection Assignment
to - Topic wise Test
20/02/2023 - Project work - Case studies
Sample paper solving/
Statement based questions
20/2/2023 to Conduction of oral (Practical) examinations and revision for Final Exams
02/03/2023
Final Exam (03/03/2023 -18/03/2023)
Important Note:
Composition in All Formats and Grammar Covered under all Terms will be asked in the Final Exam.
Literature M.C.B and Work Book Syllabus covered before Mid-Term will not be asked in the Final
Term as per C.B.S.E norms.
Subject Enrichment
Duration Content Activity
04/04/2022 Introductory Macroeconomics - Assignment
To Unit 1 : National income and its related Numerical practice
17/05/2022 aggregates - Topic wise/chapter
55% of total
45 % of total syllabus
: Employment and Unemployment chapter wise tests
- Statement based
questions practice
Post Mid- Term Exam(09/12/2022-18/12/2022)
Unit IV (Final Exam)
19/12/2022 to Unit 7 contd. - Periodic Test
20/02/2023 : Sustainable Economic Development - Project work
Unit 8 - Statement based
: Development Experience of India, questions practice
Pakistan and China – A comparative study.
Part C : Project work
20/2/2023 to Conduction of oral (Practical) examinations and revision for Final Exams
02/03/2023
Final Exam (03/03/2023 -18/03/2023)
Important Note:
Composition in All Formats and Grammar Covered under all Terms will be asked in the Final Exam.
Literature M.C.B and Work Book Syllabus covered before Mid-Term will not be asked in the Final Term
as per C.B.S.E norms.
SYLLABUS (2022 – 2023)
CLASS: XII SUBJECT: Pol. Science
20/2/2023 to Conduction of oral (Practical) examinations and revision for Final Exams
02/03/2023
Final Exam (03/03/2023 -18/03/2023)
Important Note:
Composition in All Formats and Grammar Covered under all Terms will be asked in the Final Exam.
Literature M.C.B and Work Book Syllabus covered before Mid-Term will not be asked in the Final
Term as per C.B.S.E norms.
SYLLABUS (2021 – 2022)
CLASS: XII SUBJECT: Sociology
20/2/2023 to Conduction of oral (Practical) examinations and revision for Final Exams
02/03/2023
Final Exam (03/03/2023 -18/03/2023)
Important Note:
Composition in All Formats and Grammar Covered under all Terms will be asked in the Final Exam.
Literature M.C.B and Work Book Syllabus covered before Mid-Term will not be asked in the Final
Term as per C.B.S.E norms.
AKAL ACADEMY
CLASS: XII SYLLABUS (2022-2023) SUBJECT: History
UNIT I (Pre-Mid Term)
Duration Content Subject
Enrichment
Activity
04/04/2022 Theme 1: Bricks, Beads and Bones
To Theme 2: Kings, Farmers and Towns
17/05/2022 Theme 3: Kinship, Caste and Class
ApiTq gd`Xw<S:-
• ApiTq kwÛXw<S:-
Mid- Term Exam (05/09/2022 – 15/09/2022)
UNIT III (Post Mid- Term)
sIKny ky ad`dyÜX:
• kËq~ÛXSIl rhkr mwnvIX mUØXo< ko áQwipq krnw[
• sÒXqw ky ivkws, suinXoijq F<g, swmwijk, rwjnIiqk v AwiQ~k piráQiq ko d~Swnw[
• bwdl rwg d`vwrw ikswn mjdUr kI Awkw<@wAo< sy Avgq krvwnw[
• sUXo~dX ky swQ Ek jIv<q pirvyS kI kØpnw krnw[
• }bweXW, gjl d`vwrw ihNdI smwj v ad~~U SwXrI ko ajwgr krnw[
• AÍXXn SIlqw, EkwgRqw v S<vydnSIlqw my< v÷di`D krnw
21/09/2022 gd`X:- 1. iSrI† ky PUl
to 2. nmk
08/12/2022 3. AqIq my< dby pWv
pd`X:- 4. bwdl rwg
5. a†w
6. }beXW
rcnwËmk lyKn:- 1. E<trnyt kI apXoigqw
2. jns<cwr mwÍXm
AiBÛXi#q AOr mwÍXm:-
1. nE AOr ApRËXwiSq iv†Xo< pr lyKn
2. khwnI v nwtk kI rcnw pRikõXw (iváq÷q jwnkwrI)
ApiTq gd`Xw<S:-
ApiTq kwÛXw<S:-
Post Mid- Term Exam(09/12/2022-18/12/2022)
Unit - IV
sIKny ky ad`dyÜX:
• jwiq AwDwirq aËpIVn, So†x, swmwijk smqw ky s<G†~ sy Avgq krvwnw[
• lok s<vydnw AOr smwj kI nYiqk bnwvt sy Avgq krvwnw[
• kiv km~ ko hr crx my< bWDkr ivcwr v AiBÛXi#q sy piricq krvwnw
• mwnisk Xo^Xqw v lyKn SYlI kw ivkws[
• nvInqw , mOilkqw v rcnwËmkqw kw s÷jn[
19/12/2022 gd`X:- 1. (k) ‰m ivBwjn AOr jwiq-pRQw •
to (K) myrI kØpnw kw AwdS~ smwj
20/02/2023 2. kivqwvlI v lâmx mUÇCw~ AOr rwm kw ivlwp
pd`X :- 3. Cotw myrw Kyq, bgulo< ky p<K
rcnwËmk lyKn:- 1. Pysbuk AOr Xuvwvg~
2. XuvwAo< my< inrwSw kI Bwvnw
AiBÛXi#q AOr mwÍXm:-
1. iviBNn mwÍXmo< ky ilE iviBNn }p v lyKn pRikõXw[
2. pZkwrIX lyKn ky iviBNn }p v lyKn pRikõXw[
3. ivSy† lyKn áv}p AOr pRkwr
4. khwnI v nwtk kI rcnw pRikõXw[:-
5. nE AOr ApRËXwiSq iv†Xo< pr lyKn
ApiTq gd`Xw<S:-
ApiTq kwÛXw<S:-
20/2/2023 to Conduction of Practical Examination and Revision for Final
02/03/2023 Examination