Social, Ethical and Legal Responsibilities

in the use of Technology Tools and Resources

Learning Outcomes: challenge yourself to attain the following:

1. Described the community of learners as citizens who share and utilize digital
materials
2. Practiced standard netiquette in sharing and utilizing shared materials among
learning communities
3. Identified examples of Intellectual Property Right in educational setting
4. Showed, give examples, and observed social, ethical, and legal responsibility
in the use of technology tools and resources

T echnology brings ethical issues to the forefront long before learners learn
how to handle real-life situations from an ethical standpoint. Students do not
have much preparation for cyberbullying and copyright issues. Teachers not only
contend with students bringing devices to school but also their various skill levels in
using them and the internet.
Christopher McGilvery, an Angelo State University lecturer, recommends one
approach that can help mentors demonstrate and guide students in learning how to use
technology ethically. He offers the acronym TECH SMART as an option for helping
students navigate the ethical waters of their digital world.
 Take care of technology equipment.
With malware and viruses running rampant, learners must learn to watch
what they download, click and share.
 Explore appropriate and safe sites for learning and research.
Many websites contain inaccurate or false information. Mentors can
provide a list of approved websites. Learners need to learn how to evaluate
websites and assess whether they can trust the content.
 Copyright law, Fair Use Act and Creative Commons matter.
Learners learn how to copy and paste without realizing the copyright
consequences. Understanding copyright and related laws will help ensure
learners follow the rules in using and sharing content.
 Help prevent cyberbullying.
The secrecy of the internet and not seeing faces makes it easy to "say"
things one would not utter in person. Teaching learners about cyberbullying
requires conversing not only its definition but also how hurtful and damaging it
can be. Give examples of cyberbullying and encourage students to report any
cyberbullying incident to teachers, counselors, administrators or their parents.
  Self-image is important.
Without seeing faces, people can easily overshare in a digital world.
Students need to learn how future employers look up candidates' social media
accounts to see how they represent themselves in public.
 Make use of netiquette.
Netiquette comprises the rules of an online community. Sloppy writing in
online forums, device distraction while in conversation, and sending of unsolicited
emails are a few examples of poor netiquette. Learners need to understand what
makes good and bad netiquette and why.
 Always give credit to original source.
Like citing references in term papers, students learn about the importance
of using online citations to respect copyright laws and eschew plagiarism.
 Remember to be effective, thoughtful and ethical digital creators.
Teachers can incorporate assignments that use digital tools in the
classroom. This allows students to learn how to use technology responsibly with
teacher oversight.
 Think.
Teachers can integrate TECH SMART into their lesson plans and
encourage students to think about technology's purpose in all digital interactions.
The rapid pace of technology advancement makes it challenging for people to
evaluate the ethical ramifications of their actions in the digital space. Understanding
ethical issues of technology in the classroom and remembering TECH SMART helps
students become ethical citizens in a digital world.
Source: https://online.nwmissouri.edu/articles/education/ethics-technology-use-classroom.aspx
Digital Citizenship vs. Global
Citizenship
Citizenship in the Digital Age
Source: http://www.iste.org/explore/articleDetail?articleid=192

Today’s students face a wide range of

difficult issues that previous generations
never had to think about (social
media, cyberbullying, cybercrime,
internet addiction and online
privacy concerns).

Characteristics of a Good Citizen

A good citizen:
1. Advocates for equal human rights for
all.
2. Treats others courteously and never
bullies.
3. Does not steal or damage others’
property or persons.
4. Communicates clearly, respectfully
and with empathy.
5. Actively pursues an education and
develops habits for lifelong learning.
6. Spends and manages money
responsibly.
7. Upholds basic human rights of
privacy, freedom of speech, etc.
8. Protects self and others from harm.
9. Proactively promotes their own
physical and mental health.

Characteristics of a Good Digital

Citizen
A good digital citizen:
1. Advocates for equal digital rights and
access for all.
2. Treats others with respect in online
spaces and never cyberbullies.
3. Does not steal or damage others’ digital work, identity or property.
4. Makes appropriate decisions when communicating through a variety of digital
channels.
5. Uses digital tools to advance their learning and keeps up with changing
technologies.
6. Makes responsible online purchasing decisions and protects their payment
information.
7. Upholds basic human rights in all digital forums.
8. Protects personal information from outside forces that might cause harm.
9. Proactively limits health risks of technology, from physical to psychological.
Source: http://www.iste.org/explore/articleDetail?articleid=192

Five Tenets of Global Digital Citizenship

Source:https://wabisabilearning.com/products/global-digital-citizen-quickstart-skills-guide

We define the best assets of the Global Digital Citizens using 5 tenets (Ribble,
2017):
 Personal Responsibility
 Global Citizenship
 Altruistic Service
 Environmental Stewardship
 Digital Citizenship
 Personal It includes demonstrating how we manage ourselves in matters
Responsibility such as personal finance, ethical and moral boundaries, personal
health and wellness, and relationship online and offline.
Global Understands that technology has dissolved boundaries between
Citizenship all the world’s people. We communicate, collaborate, and
celebrate across all levels of society. It cultivates acceptance,
understanding, compassion and humility.
Digital Covers appropriate and exemplary behavior in our online
Citizenship environments. It is working towards making our transparent
digital world safe for ourselves and others.
Altruistic Service Altruism is defined as having a selfless concern for the “well-
being of others.” It includes embracing the opportunity to
exercise charity and goodwill for the benefits of others.
Environmental It is more on common sense values and an appreciation for the
Stewardship beauty and majesty that surrounds us every day. It encourages
every learner to take a positive stand on personal, local to
international actions regarding the preservation of what is
essentially our “environment community”.

The Elements of Digital Citizenship

Source:https://sicemb.wixsite.com/techymusic/single-post/2018/09/28/Digital-Citizenship-A-Reflection-from-the-Last-5-Weeks
 Full electronic participation in society.
Equal digital rights and electronic access is the starting point of
Digital Access digital citizenship.
RA 10929 was signed on July 25, 2016 requiring all public places
in the country to have free internet access.
Electronic buying and selling of goods.
Technology users need to understand that a large share of
Digital market is done electronically.
Commerce E-Commerce Act or RA 8972 was signed in July 2000. It aims
to facilitate domestic and international dealings, transactions,
contracts and exchanges and storage of information to promote
the universal use of electronic transactions in the government and
general public.
Digital Electronic exchange of communication which includes emailing,
Communication texting, instant messaging and utilizing cellphones.
Digital Teaching and learning technology and its use.
Literacy We should develop and enhance our technological knowledge. We
should model the positive and pro-active use of technology for
good causes, personal and professional growth and education.
Digital The electronic standards of conduct or procedure.
Etiquette It begins with rules. It is not enough however to create rules and
policies everyone must be taught to become responsible digital
citizens.
Digital Law Electronic responsibility for actions and deeds.
The digital world is so huge that there should be order, discipline,
and ethical use.
Digital rights …those freedoms extended to everyone in a digital world.
and For every right, there is a corresponding duty and for every
Responsibility privileges, there is responsibility.
Digital Health Physical and psychological well-being in a digital world.
& Wellness Children and adults alike must learn how to protect themselves as
digital citizens through education and training.
Digital Security Electronic precautions to guarantee safety.
We should know how to keep our data, money and identity from
all hazards in the digital world.

As a global digital citizen, we need to be conscientious and compassionate; we

should strive to establish a sense of global community in all our online and offline
relationships, duties and endeavors (Global Digital Citizenship Foundations).
Netizenship and Netiquette in
Online Communities
15 Essential Netiquette Guidelines to Share with Your Students
Source:https://www.educatorstechnology.com/2014/06/15-essential-netiquette-guidelines-to.html

Netiquette (net + etiquette) is the code of proper conduct applied to virtual online
spaces. This code is dictated by common sense rules (manners) and social conventions.
Teaching students about netiquette is just as important as teaching them to use
technology in their learning. Crafting a netiquette memo for your class and informing
your students about the importance of these rules will definitely help you create an
engaging, respectful, and meaningful learning environment where collaboration and
diversity of opinions are celebrated.

Netizen, according to the Meriam-Webster Dictionary (26 April 2018) is an

active participant in the online community of the internet. The medical dictionary refers
to it as an internet citizen who uses networked resources, which connotes civic
responsibility and participation. Thus netizenship means citizenship in the internet or
in the virtual world.

As responsible netizens, we are all expected to support a heathy interaction on

the internet. A netiquette, or the rules of socially accepted behavior online have to be
observed in writing email, in texting, and other communications on the web (Bilbao, et
al., 2019).

Here is a quick round-up of these 15 netiquette rules:

 Before posting your question to a discussion board, check if anyone has asked it
already and received a reply.
 Stay on topic. Don't post irrelevant links, Before you CLICK…
comments, thoughts or pictures.
 Don't type in ALL CAPS! If you do it will look like
you are screaming. T – it is TRUE?
 Don't write anything that sounds angry or H – it is HELPFUL?
sarcastic even as a joke, because without
hearing your tone of voice, your peers might not I – It is INSPIRING?
realize you're joking. N – It is NECESSARY?
 Always remember to say "please" and "thank
K – It is KIND?
you" when soliciting help from your classmates.
 Respect the opinion of your classmates. If you feel the need to disagree, do so
respectfully and acknowledge the valid points in your classmate's argument. If
you reply to a question from a classmate, make sure your answer is accurate!
 If you ask questions, many people respond. Summarize all answers and post that
summary to benefit your whole class.
 Be brief. If you write a long dissertation in response to a simple question, it's
unlikely that anyone will spend the time to read through it all.
 Don't badmouth others or call them stupid. You may disagree with their ideas
but don't mock the person.
 If you refer to something your classmate said earlier in the discussion, quote just
a few key lines from their post so that others won't have to go back and figure
out which post you're referring to.
 Before asking a question, check the class FAQs or search the Internet to see if
the answer is obvious or easy to find.
 Check the most recent comments before you reply to an older comment.
 Be forgiving. If your classmate makes a mistake, don't badger him or her for it.
Just let it go.
 Run a spelling and grammar check before posting anything to the discussion
board.
Intellectual Property Rights on the
Development and Use of Digital Materials
Plagiarism
According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "plagiarize" means:

 to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
 to use (another's production) without crediting the source
 to commit literary theft
 to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing
source

In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone else's
work and lying about it afterward.

The following are considered plagiarism:

 turning in someone else's work as your own

 copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
 failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
 giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
 changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving
credit
 copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of
your work, whether you give credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)

For images, videos and music, the following are counted as plagiarism

 Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your
own papers or websites.
 Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as
part of the soundtrack.
 Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover).
 Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition.

Plagiarism.org reported that…

A survey of over 63,700 US undergraduate and 9,250 graduate students over the
course of three years (2002-2005)--conducted by Donald McCabe, Rutgers University--
revealed the following:

 36% of undergraduates admit to “paraphrasing/copying few sentences from

Internet source without footnoting it.”
  24% of graduate students self report doing the same
 38% admit to “paraphrasing/copying few sentences from written source without
footnoting it.”
 25% of graduate students self report doing the same

 14% of students admit to “fabricating/falsifying a bibliography”

 7% of graduate students self report doing the same

 7% self report copying materials “almost word for word from a written source
without citation.”
 4% of graduate students self report doing the same

 7% self report “turning in work done by another.”

 3% of graduate students self report doing the same

 3% report “obtaining paper from term paper mill.”

 2% of graduate students report doing so

10 Types of Plagiarism Every Academic Writer to Know…

Source:https://www.ilovephd.com/10-types-of-plagiarism-every-academic-writer-should-know/

1. Clone It is also called identical copying. Individual duplicates another

plagiarism work (word-for-word) without any alteration and claim as his own
work.
2. Remix An individual collect information (facts) from various sources and
plagiarism mix all together as a single document then claim the work as his
own work.
3. Hybrid In this kind of plagiarism, perfectly cited source documents are
plagiarism copied and arranged as a new document without citation.

4. Ctrl C This happens when a significant portion of text copied from any
plagiarism single source without any alteration in the written document.

5. Recycle It is also called self-plagiarism. The act of borrowing from one’s

plagiarism own previous work without an appropriate citation.

6. Find and This happens when you alter the most common keywords and
Replace phrases in the copied content and not making any changes in the
plagiarism important document.

7. Mashup Happens when the written article is copied from more than one
plagiarism source and all are mixed together without any proper citation.
 8. “404 Error” In this type, an individual creates a document by copying from
plagiarism various sources and prepare as a single document with the
citation. but if the citation is inaccurate or it will lead to non-
existing resources.
9. Aggregator This happens when the written article includes all the proper
plagiarism citation but it does not contain original work.

10. Re-Tweet This happens if all the article seems perfect with properly cited
plagiarism mark but still the document resembles somewhere the original
text’s structure or wordings.

Intellectual Property Right

According to World Trade Organization, Intellectual property rights are

the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. They usually give the
creator an exclusive right over the use of his/her creation for a certain period of time.
Source:https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/intel1_e.htm

Intellectual property (IP), according to World Intellectual Property

Organization (WIPO) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and
artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce.

An intellectual property rights is a right held by a person or by a company to

have exclusive rights over these. Internationally, these intellectual properties are
protected by the World Intellectual Property Organization to which the Philippines is one
of the 191 member states. In our country, we have the Intellectual Property Office
of the Philippines (IPOPHIL) which administers and implements state policies in
relation to intellectual property. It was created through Republic Act 8293. This act
defines intellectual property to include copyrights and related rights; trademarks and
service marks; geographic indications, industrial designs; patents, layout designs
(topographies) of integrated circuits; and protection of undisclosed information. In the
education setting, copyright and related rights are the ones applicable (Bilbao, et al.,
2019).

IP is protected in law by, for example, patents, copyright, and trademarks

which enable people to earn recognition or financial benefit from what they invent or
create. By striking the right balance between the interests of innovators and the wider
public interest, the IP system aims to foster an environment in which creativity and
innovation can flourish.

 A patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention. Generally

speaking, a patent provides the patent owner with the right to decide how
- or whether - the invention can be used by others. In exchange for this
 right, the patent owner makes technical information about the invention
publicly available in the published patent document.

 A trademark is a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of

one enterprise from those of other enterprises. Trademarks date back to
ancient times when artisans used to put their signature or "mark" on their
products.

 Copyright is a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have
over their literary and artistic works. Works covered by copyright range
from books, music, paintings, sculpture and films, to computer programs,
databases, advertisements, maps and technical drawings.
Source:https://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/

Copyright infringement
A copyright infringement is a violation of an individual or organization's
copyright. It describes the unauthorized use of copyrighted material, such as text,
photos, videos, music, software, and other original content.