Advanced Topics in ABA:

Application Exercise #2

Name: Aicha Matar

Score: ______/10

Each of the following are worth 1 point. To earn full marks per question, your response
must be factually correct, in-depth response, and answer each component of the question.

1. Define reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity. Provide an example of each.

- Reflexivity is defined by clearly matching a primary stimulus to a target (A=A). For

example the therapist shows a picture of a dog and the child replies by saying dog. A
symmetry is defined as the relationship between stimulus in two ways. For instance The
therapist shows a picture of a dog and the child replies by saying god and also the
therapist pointing to the dog and the child saying dog. Transitivity is illustrated when one
stimulus is transferred from one to the next. Thus the first is matched with the second, the
second with the third and etc. For example, is you say fish and provide a picture of a fish
then you show a picture of a fish in water and then you match it to an actual fish in water.

2. What characterizes an emergent or derived relation? Provide an example.

- An emergent relation is characterized by reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity. For

example, A=B, B=C and A=C. A derived relation is characterized by a relationship
between stimuli without training. For example A = B, B=C, and A is derived by C.

3. In a match-to-sample task, a learner is taught to select an emoji of a sad face when the
sample stimulus SAD is presented, and to select SAD when the sample stimulus is a picture
of a person crying. They have not demonstrated any other relations prior to training. List
ALL of the relations you would expect to emerge through stimulus equivalence.

- Stimulus equivalence is accomplished when reflexive, symmetrical and transitive

relations are established. In this scenario, reflexive is apparent when the learner matched
the primary stimulus of selecting the sad emoji when the word SAD is presented and
symmetrical characterizations were apparent when the learner selected SAD in response
to a person crying. Hence, transitive characteristics are expected to emerge when the
learner sees a real scenario of a person crying and matching through labeling sad.

4. Suppose you are teaching a child letter-name-sound classes. Letters serve as the A stimuli,
names of letters serve as the B stimuli, and letter sounds serve as the C stimuli. You teach AB
and AC relations (one-to-many training structure). In this scenario, which relations represent
symmetry and which relations represent equivalence?

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 - AB and serves as a symmetry relationship because the child will match the presentation
of the letter with name and also can point to the letter upon the teachers request. AC
serves a equivalence because the target is generalized through different conditions such
as letter combinations to sound out a word.

6. What are the three defining properties of a relational frame? Provide an example of each.

- A relational frame theory objective is to understand language and behavior. The three
defining properties of a relational frame are mutual entailment, combinatorial entailment
and transformation of functions. Mutual entailment is defined through the relation of two
stimuli such as A is related to be and B can be derived to A. For example, Sarah is
standing in front of Mike and Mike is behind Sarah. The next property, combinatorial
entailment is defined through the relations of two stimuli by a third stimulus. A = B, B=C
in relation to A = C, and C= A. For instance, Sarah (A) is in front of Mike (B) and Mike
is in front of (C)John. Finally, the last property transformation of functions is defined by
having different functions due to different circumstances. For example, (A) Alex likes
going to the (B)ice cream store. One day he had a bad experience with the ice-cream
store due to the cashier (C) and does not want to go back.

7. Distinguish between nonarbitrary relational responding and arbitrarily applicable relational

responding. Provide an example of both.

- Nonarbitrary relational responding is based on the relationship between formal or

physical properties for example color, size, shape etc. Arbitrarily applicable relational
responding is based on the form of relational response between stimuli. For example, the
word pig in English is different in French though it still has the same meaning reference.

8. Define both the transfer and transformation of function. How do they differ? Describe an
application of each.

- The term transfer of function defers from the transformation of a function because it
occurs when a response is trained with a stimulus in a derived relation. For example,
matching to sample. Transformation of function, happens when to stimulus changes the
function of another stimulus.

9. Define one of the following non-equivalence relations and provide an example or

application: distinction, opposition, causal, spatial, or temporal relations.

- Temporal relations suggests the period of time a behavior occurs. For instance, your case
study is interested in measuring crying. You start the timer when the individual beings to
cry and end it when the individual stops.

10. Define one of the following non-equivalence relations and provide an example or
application: hierarchal or deictic relations.

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 - Deictic relations is defined by the relation of the speaker to term. For example, ‘I’ and
‘mine’.

Application Exercise #1 Rubric

The following rubric will be used to grade each question:

Competent: Basic Emerging Incomplete

Full points Competency Half points /Unacceptable
¾ Points No points
Quality and No errors, in-depth response, Minor Correction Gap in Significant error
completenes and complete Required or lacks knowledge or Incomplete
s depth demonstrated; answer
some correct
use of terms
and concepts

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