Parts of the Mobile App.

1. Preliminary Interface (Name of the Mobile App, contents and credits)

2. Content Interfaces (MELCS-based)

2.1 Most Essential Learning Competencies. Looking Ahead (what the lesson is

all about), Essential Questions, and Concepts Unlocked (definition of important

concepts).

2.2 Learning Outcomes (targets), Concept Building: What You Need to Know

(information that is infographic and pictographic), Mind Hop (assessment tasks) and

References (sources of information reflected in various lessons).

Competency #3. Apply the social science ideas and its importance in examining socio-cultural,
economic, and political conditions: a. Psychoanalysis; b. Rational Choice; c. Institutionalism; d.
Feminist Theory; e. Hermeneutical Phenomenology; and f. Human-Environment Systems (tab po ito)

Looking Ahead (If possible po sir e meron pong icon ito) (tab po ito)

After being immersed with the main theories in social sciences, let’s also learn the
specific theories that are included in the subject. These theories focused on phenomena that are
important in studying the society and the people. Psychoanalysis focuses on analyzing the mental
processes of the people. Rational choice theory reflects on the circumstances surrounding the
options of the people. Institutionalism discusses those different institutions in the society and the
institutionalized behavior of the people. Feminist Theory looks on the different areas on the basis
of sex like discrimination and exclusion. Hermeneutical Phenomenology provides that
foundations of interpretation of phenomena. Lastly, Human-environment systems have
something to do with linking the patterns and processes between human and natural system.

Essential Questions. (tab po ito)

This lesson poses some questions that wrap up the total learning experience enclosed.
These questions are as follows:
 1. What is Psychoanalysis, Rational Choice, Institutionalism, Feminist Theory, Hermeneutical
Phenomenology, and Human-Environment Systems?

2. How these theories be analyzed and applied in real life scenarios?

Concepts Unlocked. (tab po ito)

Psychoanalysis is defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic methods
which have their origin in the work and theories of Sigmund Freud. The primary
assumption of psychoanalysis is the belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts,
feelings, desires, and memories. The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release
repressed emotions and experiences, i.e., make the unconscious conscious. It is only
having a cathartic (i.e., healing) experience can the person be helped and "cured”
(McLeod, 2019).
Rational Choice Theory states that individuals use rational calculations to make
rational choices and achieve outcomes that are aligned with their own personal
objectives. These results are also associated with maximizing an individual's self-
interest. Using rational choice theory is expected to result in outcomes that provide
people with the greatest benefit and satisfaction, given the limited option they have
available (Ganti, 2022).
Institutionalism (Institutional Theory) comes with two ideas. First, it is an approach
that emphasizes the role of different organizations (institutions). Second, it studies the
organized pattern of behaviors in the society (institutionalized behavior).
Feminist Theory, or feminism, is a historically women-led movement that calls for an
end to sexism in all forms. Feminists strive for social justice for those who have been
oppressed by the patriarchy, a system of power dominated by men in society. Although
feminists may differ on the best way to accomplish this, feminism is concerned with
bringing about a better society for women, men, non-binary people, and everyone in
between. Feminists like Simone de Beauvoir, Maya Angelou, and Mary Wollstonecraft
want to create a better world where nobody is denied opportunity or respect because of
their gender (Reese, 2022).
Hermeneutical Phenomenology is a research-based approach that tends to understand
phenomenon by interpreting the textual transcripts to produce themes and draw
conclusions.
Human-environment systems describes the ways in which humans influence and are in
turn influenced by their surrounding ecosystems (May, 2022).

Learning Outcomes
 At the end of this lesson, the learners should be able to:

1. identify the basic concepts and principles of Psychoanalysis, Rational Choice, Institutionalism,
Feminist Theory, Hermeneutical Phenomenology, and Human-Environment Systems; and

2. relate the concepts of the theories into the important happenings in the community.

Concept Building
(icons nukwa dgta square dita baba sir)

Picture nukwa ti Picture iti agsina a Picture t buildings

iceberg detoy sir dalan sir ken tatao

Psychoanalysis Rational Choice Institutionalism

Picture t tatao nga

Picture nukwa t Picture ni Hermes je
adda je napintas a
babai Greek mythology sir
landscape sir

Feminism Hermeneutical Phenomenology Human-environment systems

Concept Building (for psychoanalysis)

Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind, and a primary
assumption of Freudian theory is that the unconscious mind governs behavior to a greater degree
than people suspect. Indeed, the goal of psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious conscious
(McLeod, 2018). The human mind as illustrated in the Freudian perspective is represented by an
iceberg. An iceberg has a smaller tip or hummock compared to its submerged portion or
bummock. In the psychoanalytical theory, the tip is considered as the conscious part where
thoughts and perceptions are. The part of an iceberg at the edge of the water is called
subconscious where memory and knowledge are stored. And the submerged part is called
unconscious where instincts and motives are buried.

Freud knew that in understanding the “self”, people should try to analyze or dig up the
unconscious part as it is bigger and complete. Freud (1923) later developed a more structural
model of the mind comprising the entities id, ego, and superego. The id is the pleasure principle,
ego is the reality principle, and the superego is the moral principle. These psyches are normally
battling with one another. To better understand this, imagine a scenario where a person sees a
wallet inside a bus. This person has insufficient money to pay the ride. The person may think that
he will just get the wallet because it is more convenient and beneficial to him (ID). On the other
hand, a subtle voice will come forbidding him to get it because it is against the law of man and
God (SUPEREGO). Whatever would be his realization will pass through the gate of reality
(EGO). What will he do? Therefore, his actions are based on the result of his mental processes.

To enrich you more about psychoanalysis, you may check on the link below.

https://youtu.be/EHfYbjUjahs

(Sir mayat kuma nu adda picture na detoy napnu haan a plan a link lattan…hehe)

MIND HOP! BACK

(If pwede po….at the end of this ket adda button for mind hop ken back na)

Mind Hop (for Psychoanalysis)

Instruction. Identify innate faculties of men that are included in the conscious, subconscious, and
unconscious part of our mind.
 1.

2.

1.

2.

1.

2.

Concept Building (for Rational Choice)

Rational choice theory explains how people arrive with their action. The theory assumes
that people choose a course of action that is based on their personal preferences. This theory is
used to analyze how an individual process his action in view of his gains and the consequences
of his actions. According to Amadae (2022), rational choice is used to model human decision
making, especially in the context of microeconomics, where it helps economists better
understand the behavior of a society in terms of individual action as explained through
rationality, in which choices are consistent because they are made according to personal
preferences. The theory is also applicable to political science (where politicians should
understand the political will of the people), sociology (where the focus of it is to understand how
people interact and make acquaintances), and to other disciplines of social sciences.
For example, realigning budgets to cover other expenses. Average people would
normally spend their money for their necessities. Conserving energy and limiting rides would
extend the budget of the households.
Assumptions:
1. Humans are purposive and goal oriented.
2. Humans have sets of hierarchically ordered preferences or utilities.
3. Humans make rational calculations

MIND HOP! BACK

Mind Hop (for Rational Choice Theory)
Instruction. Choose which among the following is the most rational thing that an average
individual should do.
1.
Minimize high consuming gadgets Maximize the use of electricity in
(correct!) the house

2.
Earn money by starting small
Invest money to unproductive business
business
(correct!)

3.
Earn little by little

Get big loans (correct!)

4.
Plan before you do something
“Do now, strategize later”
(correct!)

5.
Healthy living
Life with full of vices
(correct!)

Concept Building (for Institutionalism)

Main points of the institutional approach can already be found in the writings of Jean-
Jacques Rousseau.
 His criticism of Hobbes, Locke, and others for assuming that the behavior of possessive
individual in a particular historical and social context expressed the natural preferences and traits
of all human beings is an institutionalist claim that behavior and preferences are not coincident.
Rousseau viewed preferences, such as the desire to accumulate property, not a universal
postulate on which one could found a scientific theory of politics but as products of society- its
norms and its institutions.
Main Approaches
1. Sociological – or normative institutionalism emphasizes the cultural context within
which organizations function and the values with which actors are imbued. (This
involves the existence of good and bad behavior in the society--- institutionalized
behaviors)
2. Historic Institutionalism emphasizes the importance of initial decisions and choices of
venues and introduces notions such as that of path dependency, traditions, response to
structural- functionalism. (It is essential in arriving with decisions though
investigating the history of an institution or conducting sectoral analysis)
3. Rational Choice- institutionalism purports that institutions are only vested with
powers by individuals. Rational choice institutionalism considers how individuals can
use institutions to maximize their interest. (Institutions are appreciated as product of
MIND HOP! BACK
necessities, e.g. school- because people see the importance of education)

Mind Hop (for Institutionalism)

Give 5 most important institutions in the community

Family economy

Religion

School

government

Idtoy da agtype sir….tay kasla family feud a sa la agparang je answer da dita yellow sir nu natumbok da
Concept Building (for Feminism)
Feminists believe that both men and women should have the freedom to develop their
human interests and talents, even if those interests and talents conflict with the status quo. One of
the basic principles in Feminism is to promote gender equality, especially in employment. Also,
feminists proposed for equal rights among all genders and oppose laws and cultural norms that
limit income, educational and job opportunities for all women. Lastly, it ends sexual violence by
creating more laws defining different abuses to women and promoting sexual freedom.
Types of Feminism
1. Liberal Feminism- is an individualistic form of feminist theory, which focuses on
women’s ability to maintain their equality through their own actions and choices. Liberal
feminism argue that society holds the false belief that women are, by nature are, less
intellectuality and physically capable than men.
2. Socialist Feminism- is a branch of feminism that focuses upon both the public and private
spheres of a woman’s life and argues that liberation can only be achieved by working to
end both the economic and cultural sources of women’s oppression.
3. Radical Feminism- is a perspective within feminism that calls for a radical reordering of
society in which male supremacy is eliminated in all social and economic contexts.
Radical feminists seek to abolish patriarchy by challenging existing social norms and
institutions, rather than through a purely political process. This includes challenging the
notion of traditional gender roles opposing the sexual objectification of women, and
raising public awareness about such issues as rape and violence against women.

Concept Building (for Hermeneutical Phenomenology)

Phenomenology refers to a person’s perception of the meaning of an event, as opposed to
the event as exist externally to (outside of) that person. Hermeneutics, on the other hand, is the
study of literary texts, scholars frequently adhere to a set of rules or a specific system on which
to base their interpretation. Similarly, the interpretation of non-literary texts, such as art or
philosophy, may also require adherence to such a method. The specific rules used to interpret
and understand a text are known collectively as hermeneutics.
In ancient Greek mythology, the god Hermes served to interpret messages from the other
gods. It is then where the term was coined which has the meaning “interpreter”. The concept of
utilizing a system to interpret texts was first noted in early writings by Aristotle.
Hermeneutical Phenomenology is a research-based approach that tends to understand
phenomenon by interpreting the textual transcripts to produce themes and draw
conclusions.
Concept Building (for Human-environment system)
Human environment system, also known as environmental social science, sustainability science,
and coupled human natural systems research/ coupled human and natural system (CHANS)
refers to an integrated scientific agenda for studying the border and mutual interaction that link
human to natural sub-system of the planet.
Historical Context
-This has been a result of several factors such as evidence for climate change, loss of
biodiversity, rapid deforestation, and an imminent crisis is the availability of potable water.
- Global environments change until 1988 was carried out by earth science disciplines such as
meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric sciences and geology.
- In 1987 the international Geosphere Biosphere Program (GBP) was initiated because of the
need for an international joint research enterprise on the phenomenon of global change.
-From 1987 to 1990 a special committee was tasked to initiate the planning and implementation
of the program, and in 1988 this team, composed of around 500 scientists turned to social
scientist and asked them to collaborate with them in an effort to understand the human
dimensions of global environment.
-In 1992, they were able to publish the book, Global Environmental change: Understanding the
Human Dimensions, which set the tone for research in this area. It focused on climate change,
biodiversity, pollution, and international environmental pacts driven by a rising awareness of
global impacts such as build-up of earth-warming gases, the increasing amount of ultraviolet
radiation due to the change in appearance of ozone layer, and proof of glacier meltdowns
(Moron, 2010).
Let’s take a look on the current problems of human-environment system in the Philippines!
https://youtu.be/GGWhSy-EJYk