TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

CEPE2S – Earthquake Engineering
Module 6-Cantilever Moment and
FS Against Overturning
A. NSCP 2015
Section 208.5.1.5 Overturning
“ Every structure shall be designed to resist the overturning effects caused by
earthquake forces specified in Section 208.5.2.3. At any level, the overturning
moments to be resisted shall be determined using those seismic forces (Ft and Fx) that
act on levels above the level under consideration. At any level, the incremental
changes of the design overturning moment shall be distributed to the various resisting
elements in the manner prescribed in Section 208.5.1.3. Overturning effects on every
element shall be carried down to the foundation. See Sections 207.1 and 208.1 for
combining gravity and seismic forces.”

B. Cantilever Moment
Cantilever Moment at a floor level is obtained by adding the sum of the product of story
shear by story height & moment above.

C. Factor of Safety of Structures Against Lateral Force

Procedure:
1. Compute the design base shear.
2. Determine the shear/forces on each level.
3. Compute the cantilever moment.
4. Compute the wind load acting normal to the greater vertical surface of structure &
compare w/ base shear from the earthquake analysis. The greater value shall
govern.
5. Determine the resisting moment about the shorter plan dimension.
𝐖𝐋 = 𝐇𝐓 (𝐋)(𝐰𝐩 ) = 𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝
where: HT = total height of the building
L = bigger plan dimension
wp = wind pressure (kPa, psf)
6. Determine the overturning moment, O.M.
𝐎𝐌𝐄𝐐 = 𝐌 𝐱 𝐣; 𝐎𝐌𝐖 = 𝐖𝐋 𝐱𝟎. 𝟓𝐇𝐓
where: M = cantilever moment
0.60
j= 3 ; 0.45 ≤ j ≤ 1.0
√T
j= factor for reducing the static overturning moment at the base.
7. Calculate the factor of safety against overturning, F.S.
𝐑𝐌
𝐅. 𝐒.𝐎𝐓 = ≥ 𝟐. 𝟎
𝐎𝐌
Sample Problem:
From the previous problem, compute the factor of safety of the structure against
overturning. Assume the earthquake load governs the analysis and the bigger plan
dimension is 12m.
ENGR. BRIAN JHAY P. GUZMAN
bjpguzman@tsu.edu.ph
Solution:
a. Compute the overturning moment at the base of the structure.
Level Vx (kN) hf (m) M (kN-m)
6 0 0 0
5 463.692 3.5 1,622.922
4 857.101 4.0 5,051.326
3 1,175.575 4.0 9,753.626
2 1,419.114 4.0 15,430.082
1 1,587.718 4.0 21,780.954
0 1,712.610 5.0 30,344.004

Thus, the cantilever moment (M) at the base of the building is equal to 30,344.004 kN-m.

b. The resisting moment (RM) about the shorter plan dimension of the structure is
W = 11,500 kN
1
𝐑. 𝐌. = WD = 0.5(11,500)(12) = 𝟔𝟗, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
2

c. For the overturning moment (OM):

0.60 0.60
j= 3 =3 = 0.645
√T √0.805
𝐎. 𝐌. = M x j = 30,344.004 x 0.645 = 𝟏𝟗, 𝟓𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟑 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

d. For the factor of safety against overturning (FSOT):

RM 69,000
𝐅𝐒𝐎𝐓 = = = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟑 > 𝟐. 𝟎𝟎
OM 19,571.833

Therefore, the structure is safe against overturning since the FSOT (=3.53) is greater than 2.0.

ENGR. BRIAN JHAY P. GUZMAN

bjpguzman@tsu.edu.ph